影响急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗预后的因素

目的 探讨影响急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗预后的因素。方法 82例急性脑梗死患者接受尿激酶(UK)静脉溶栓治疗。以90d时的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分作为疗效指标，并分为二组：预后良好(mRS 0-1分)和预后不良(mRS 2-6分)，对影响溶栓疗效及预后的因素进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果 90d时预后良好者30例，占36．6％。单因素分析显示年龄、发病至溶栓的间隔时间、房颤、溶前欧洲卒中量表(ESS)评分、溶前血糖、CT早期缺血改变、UK剂量为影响预后的7个危险因素，多因素Logistic回归表明仅溶前ESS、时间、UK剂量、血糖为预后的独立预测因子。结论 溶前ESS评分、发病至溶栓的间隔时间、UK剂量、溶前血糖为影响预后的独立危险因素。     

不同时间窗低分子量肝素治疗对急性脑梗死脑功能的影响

目的：研究不同时间窗低分子量肝素（LMWH）治疗急性脑梗死对脑电图（EEG）和脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）的影响。方法：50例发病12h内的急性脑梗死病人，随机分为治疗A组和对照A组各25例；60例发病12－18h，随机分为治疗B组和对照B3组各30例，以上各组均予以丹参注射液20ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液250ml,iv drip,qd。治疗组加用你分子量肝素4100U皮下注射，q12h,4组疗程均10d，治疗前后无测定患EEG和BAEP等。结果：治疗前，治疗A组，对照A组，治疗B组和对照B组EEG异常率分别为60％，56％，57％，和53％，BAEP异常率分别为72％，68％，77％和73％，各组无明显差异，治疗后异常EEG改善率分别为87％，36％，和31％，BAEP异常率分别为32％，60％，53％和63％，结论：低分子量肝素能有效治疗急性脑梗死，改善患脑功能，尽早应用效果尤为明显。     

大剂量尿激酶早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床应用研究

目的：探讨大剂量尿激酶（UK）早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死（ACT）的临床疗效,治疗时机及副作用发生率。方法：分析55例ACI患者的溶栓疗效。结果：55例ACI患者分为发病0－6小时（A组）和6－12小时（B超）。两组溶栓前后神经功能缺损评分积分差分别为：18．07＋6．13、19．12＋5．13。溶栓前后积分相比及两组溶栓结果相比有显著性差异（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,总基本痊愈42例（76．3％）显著进步4例（7．6％）,进步3例（5．5％）,总有效率89％,血管再通率83．6％。2例合并颅内出血死亡。2例大面积梗死死亡,1例出现皮肤淤癍。结论：大剂量尿激酶（UK）早期溶栓治疗急性脑梗死（ACI）疗效肯定,超早期疗效更好,12小时内仍然有效。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗6小时内急性颈动脉系统脑梗死初步临床观察

目的：初步观察静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的效果和安全性。方法：尿激酶（UK）静脉溶栓治疗6小时内急性颈动脉系统脑梗死开放性临床病例研究。结果：选择中重度瘫痪,溶栓治疗前脑CT无早期梗死大块低密度改变患者38例。静脉滴注UK至发病时间4．4±1．1h。UK剂量141±29万UI。溶栓治疗后2小时出现戏剧性神经功能改善7例,24小时主要神经功能缺损改善（欧洲脑卒中评分较溶栓前＞10分）23例。表现血管再闭塞4例。合并症状性脑出血3例,出血性梗死4例。随访3月,基本痊愈14例;轻微神经功能损害8例;中重度神经系统后遗症11例;死亡5例,其中1例死于脑出血。结论：UK静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死是安全、有效的。     

超早期脑梗死患者接受不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗分析

目的 探讨超早期脑梗死患者接受不同剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗后的疗效,探讨使用rt-PA的最佳剂量及安全性与可行性.方法 对我院2006-02-2012-02收治入院的300例发病6 h以内的脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中200例接受rt-PA治疗,并根据治疗剂量不同分为2组,A组100例给予rt-PA 0.9 mg/kg,B组100例给予rt-PA 0.6～0.8 mg/kg.C组对照100例患者未接受rt-PA治疗.以治疗前与治疗后11 d、21 d、90 d的NIHSS、Barthel指数为指标进行疗效评定.结果 A组、B组在治疗前、治疗后11 d、21 d及90 d的NIHSS、Barthel评分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A组、B组与C组90 d的神经功能缺失评分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组、B组疗效明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A组基本痊愈＋显著进步69例,占 69.0%;B组77例,占77.0%;C组39例,占39%.B组优于A组;3组再发脑梗死发生率较高,C组高于A、B 2组;A、B 2组比较无明显差异.A组非症状性脑出血3例,症状性脑出血4例;B组非症状性脑出血2例,症状性脑出血3例.3组比较,P〈0.001;A与B比较,P〉0.05;A与C、B与C组比较,P〈0.001.结论 超早期脑梗死静脉应用rt-PA溶栓治疗安全有效.     

超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死

目的 评价应用尿激酶静脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的有效性和安全性。方法 应用注射用国产尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死16例，用法：尿激酶150万U溶人生理盐水150ml内，30min滴完。分别在溶栓前、溶栓后2h、24h、3d、7d、14d时间点，采用欧洲卒中量表(ESS)对神经功能缺损进行评价。结果 75％(12例)的患者ESS分值在溶栓后24h内迅速增加。截止溶栓后14d，ESS分值仅有1例无变化，2例下降。其中时间窗＜4h者ESS分值增加的速度明显高于4—6h，而后者又明显高于＞6h。本组非症状性脑内出血2例(12．5％)，症状性脑内出血1例(6．25％)；全身性出血4例(25％)；死亡率1例(6．25％)，死因为脑内出血；再瘫痪1例。结论 本研究提示尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死有效，如能严格掌握溶栓时间窗及适应症，可以提高治疗的安全性。     

脑微出血与急性脑梗死出血性转化的临床分析

目的：研究脑微出血与急性脑梗死出血性转化的关系。方法对200例急性脑梗死的患者行常规头C T、M RI和SWI序列扫描,根据头SWI序列将其分为脑微出血组（76例）和非脑微出血组（124例）,均进行常规溶栓和抗栓治疗。结果2组发病3天、7天、10天和14天发生出血性转化比较,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）结论脑微出血是急性脑梗死出血性转化的危险因素。     

炎性指标和颈动脉粥样斑块稳定性与急性脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨炎性指标和颈动脉粥样斑块稳定性与急性脑梗死的关系。方法 对71例急性脑梗死患者（A组）、44例无症状颈动脉硬化患者（B组）和21名健康对照者（C组）进行研究，彩色多普勒超声仪测量颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）、斑块类型，酶联免疫法测定可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）、可溶性E-选择素（sE-选择素）、可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）、单核细胞趋化因子．1（MCP-1）含量。结果 IMT在A组和B组比较差异无统计学意义，但与c组比较差异有统计学意义；A组颈动脉斑块以脂质型斑块（59．2％）为主，B组以纤维型（32．9％）为主；MCP．1、sVCAM-1、sCD40L、sE-选择素含量在A组、B组和C组之间差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论 多种细胞因子参与炎症反应是影响颈动脉粥样斑块稳定性的重要原因，在急性脑梗死发病机制中发挥作用。     

硫酸镁联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 观察硫酸镁联合自由基清除剂依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 60例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组，治疗组给予25％硫酸镁联合依达拉奉治疗，对照组予香丹注射液治疗。观察治疗前后欧洲脑卒中量表（ESS）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）比较以及疗效的变化。结果 治疗后硫酸镁联合依达拉奉组较对照组ESS评分、ADL水平明显改善（P〈0．05），其疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 硫酸镁联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死能保护脑细胞，有效改善神经功能。     

血清C反应蛋白水平与脑梗死大小、病情及预后的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白（CRP）与脑梗死大小、病情及预后的关系。方法79例急性脑梗死患者于入院24h内测定血清CRP值，分为CRP正常组（A组）及CRP异常组（B组）。并于入院后24～48h行脑CT检查，确定责任病灶，测定责任病灶最大截面直径。根据临床神经功能缺损程度评分（NDS）及日常生活活动（ADL）量表的Barthel指数（BI）记分法分别于入院时及治疗30d对2组患者进行评分。结果A组最大截面直径明显〈B组（P〈0．01）．入院时及治疗1个月后NDS评分A组〈B组（P〈0．05；P〈0．01），BI指数评分A组明显高于B组（P〈0．01），治疗1个月后A组显效率及有效率均高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论血清CRP水平与脑梗死面积有明显相关性，可用于病情及预后的评估。     

贴敷式局部亚低温并用尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死

目的评价局部亚低温治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法本研究为随机、配对对照的临床研究。符合入选标准的62例患者分为2组:对照组仅接受尿激酶100万U溶栓治疗,低温组在尿激酶100万U溶栓治疗的同时加用局部亚低温治疗。采用欧洲卒中量表(ESS)评价神经功能缺失状态。结果发病3h内给予溶栓治疗的低温组患者在溶栓后7d始ESS评分显著高于对照组患者。发病3~6h给予溶栓治疗的低温组患者在溶栓后24h始ESS评分显著高于对照组患者。结论局部亚低温并用溶栓治疗的效果优于单用溶栓治疗,局部亚低温治疗急性闭塞性脑血管病安全有效。     

巴曲酶治疗超早期急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的观察不同剂量巴曲酶治疗急性脑梗塞不同疗程的疗效。方法急性脑梗塞患者51例,随机分为巴曲酶常规剂量治疗组(24例)和大剂量延长疗程组(27例),观察两组治疗后7天及14天的神经功能缺损评分及纤维蛋白原含量。结果大剂量延长疗程组患者治疗后7天及14天ESS评分与常规剂量组相比,有显著改善。但两组血浆纤维蛋白原水平无明显差别。各组治疗后7天血浆纤维蛋白原水平较治疗前显著降低,治疗后14天血浆纤维蛋白原水平与治疗前相比无显著变化。结论巴曲酶能够改善急性脑梗死患者的预后,提高患者的生活质量,是治疗急性脑梗死有效药物之一。     

Development of diffusion-weighted image using a 0.3T open MRI

The purpose of this study was to develop a new technique for diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) with a low-field scanner. DWI is becoming important for assessment of acute stroke. Until recently DWI required expensive technology. We developed multishot-DWI sequence for 0.3T open type MR imager. We prospectively studied forty patients on this 0.3T MRI and compared this DWI to single-shot-DWI by 1.5T-MRI. Group A: Twenty-four patients with acute cerebral infarctions detected by 1.5T-DWI were re-examined using 0.3T-DWI within 24 hours. Sixteen patients with acute cerebral infarctions detected by 0.3T-DWI were re-examined using 1.5T-DWI within 24 hours. In 22 (92%) of 24 cases, 0.3T-DWI showed high signal. In the other two patients, motion artifact distorted 0.3T-DWI. Group B: In all 16 patients, all infarctions detected by 0.3T-DWI showed high signal on 1.5T-DWI. These preliminary data show that, as long as the patient is able to keep still, multishot-DWI can be acquired successfully on a 0.3T open type MRI system.     

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke.

An open angiography-based, dose rate escalation study on the effect of intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on cerebral arterial recanalization in patients with acute focal cerebral ischemia was performed at 16 centers. Arterial occlusions consistent with acute ischemia in the carotid or vertebrobasilar territory in the absence of detectable intracerebral hemorrhage were prerequisites for treatment. After the 60-minute rt-PA infusion, arterial perfusion was assessed by repeat angiography and computed tomography scans were performed at 24 hours to assess hemorrhagic transformation. Of 139 patients with symptoms of focal ischemia, 80.6% (112) had complete occlusion of the primary vessel at a mean of 5.4 +/- 1.7 hours after symptom onset. No dose rate response of cerebral arterial recanalization was observed in 93 patients who completed the rt-PA infusion. Middle cerebral artery division (M2) and branch (M3) occlusions were more likely to undergo recanalization by 60 minutes than were internal carotid artery occlusions. Hemorrhagic infarction occurred in 20.2% and parenchymatous hematoma in 10.6% of patients over all dose rates, while neurological worsening accompanied hemorrhagic transformation (hemorrhagic infarction and parenchymatous hematoma) in 9.6% of patients. All findings were within prospective safety guidelines. No dose rate correlation with hemorrhagic infarction, parenchymatous hematoma, or both was seen. Hemorrhagic transformation occurred significantly more frequently in patients receiving treatment at least 6 hours after symptom onset. No relationship between hemorrhagic transformation and recanalization was observed. This study indicates that site of occlusion, time to recanalization, and time to treatment are important variables in acute stroke intervention with this agent.     

急性脑梗死超早期重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨发病6h内急性脑梗死给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)溶栓治疗的疗效及并发症,并分析预后相关因素。方法:共收集本院2001-2005年70例溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死病例,其中52例静脉溶栓,18例动脉溶栓,分析比较两组病例溶栓前后及3个月随访的ESS评分及Barthel指数结果;同时分析与预后相关的因素。结果:静脉和动脉溶栓组溶栓前及溶栓30min后ESS评分及Barthel指数迅速增加,溶栓前后分值有显著差异。1个月内颅内出血率为5.77%(静脉组)和16.67%(动脉组)。3个月时ESS评分及Barthel指数较溶栓后30min的评分有显著改善。结论:6h内动脉、静脉溶栓治疗均安全有效。     

小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床观察

目的 观察尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床有效性及安全性.方法 应用小剂量尿激酶超早期(发病6 h内)静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死19例,于溶栓前及溶栓后24 h、10 d进行神经功能缺损及日常生活指数量表评分,同时观察脑内及其他系统有无出血并发症.结果 溶栓后24 h神经功能缺损及日常生活指数评分与溶栓前相比均有改善,P...     

The Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study in hemorrhagic stroke (Class-H): Final results

Background and Purpose: Clomethiazole (CMZ) is a neuroprotectant that may improve outcome in patients with acute major strokes. In a previous study that included 94 hemorrhagic stroke patients (CLASS), a mortality reduction and functional outcome favorable to CMZ was seen. We sought to establish the safety of CMZ in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients and to determine whether a trial of medical therapy for cerebral hemorrhage was feasible. Methods: The safety of CMZ (n = 96) versus a placebo (n = 102) in hemorrhagic stroke patients was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind trial. Treatment began after a computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of hemorrhage and within 12 hours from symptom onset. Patients received 68 mg/kg of CMZ intravenously over 24 hours. Safety was assessed by collecting serious adverse events (SAE), including deaths up to 90 days after treatment. Functional and neurologic outcome were also monitored. Results: Hemorrhage volumes were found to be similar between groups (26 ± 56 mL CMZ v 26 ± 35 mL placebo). Sedation was reported as an adverse event during therapy in 55% of the CMZ patients versus 13% of the placebo patients. The number of SAE reports was 53 in the CMZ group and 46 in the placebo group. Differences on functional outcome measures were minor. Death within 90 days occurred in 19 CMZ patients versus 11 placebo patients (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92, 4.55; P = .08). After adjusting for baseline covariate imbalances, the mortality difference was less apparent (OR 1.82; 95% CI 0.69, 4.81; P = .23). Conclusions: The feasibility of performing neuroprotectant trials for acute cerebral hemorrhage patients has been established, but requires careful balancing of important predictive indicators, including baseline severity, hematoma location, presence of intraventricular blood, and possibly, coumadin use. The clinical experience to date has identified no specific major safety concerns with the use of CMZ in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients. Additional clinical trials will be required to confirm safety and establish the efficacy of CMZ in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients.     

大脑后动脉区梗死与后循环血管状态及危险因素关系

目的探讨大脑后动脉区梗死与后循环血管状态及危险因素的关系。方法回顾性收集2010年1月-2014年6月在首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科住院的经头部MRI证实的首次新发大脑后动脉区梗死的患者192例,其中171例行CT血管成像,21例行DSA,排除有可疑心源性栓子来源的患者。根据头部MRI将梗死部位分为A(中脑组)、B(丘脑组)、C(颞叶内侧组)、D(胼胝体压部组)、E(枕叶组)、F(多部位梗死组)6组。比较PCA区梗死与后循环血管状态及危险因素的关系。结果 (1)PCA区梗死病变分布:192例患者中A、B、C、D、E、F组分别为12例(6.3%)、74例(38.5%)、15例(7.8%)、11例(5.7%)、28例(14.6%)、52例(27.1%)。(2)椎-基底动脉系统血管状态:椎动脉病变66例(34.4%)合并大脑后动脉狭窄13例,基底动脉病变27例(14.1%)合并大脑后动脉狭窄2例,大脑后动脉病变45例(23.4%),未发现血管病变69例(35.9%)。(3)对PCA区梗死病变分布与后循环血管病变行单因素卡方检验:B组与基底动脉病变相关(χ~2=5.318,P=0.021);E组与PCA P4段病变相关(χ~2=18.556,P0.001);F组与椎动脉、基底动脉病变相关(χ~2=4.386,7.059;P=0.036,0.008)。(4)血管病变组与无血管病变组比较:合并高血压病差异有统计学意义(11.126,P=0.001)。结论大脑后动脉区梗死与后循环血管病变关系密切,尤其合并导致血管病变的危险因素时,更应重视血管检查,减少卒中再发。     

心源性脑栓塞

心源性脑栓塞（CBE）国内系统报道很少。本文分析了46例CBE的临床资料。其发生率为全部脑梗塞病例的10．4％（46／444）。无办膜病性房颤，风心瓣膜病及心肌梗塞是本病的主因．临床表现以偏瘫，各种失语症和意识障碍为主．CT阳性率为95．7％，多表现大脑中动脉供血区的大面积脑叶梗塞（71．7％），其中约1／4病例表现为出血性梗塞，但两半球受累机会相同。死亡率为21．7％．结合文献讨论了CBE的临床和CT特征及其治疗。     

A double-blind, randomized trial of PY108-068 in acute ischemic cerebral infarction

A double-blind, randomized, pilot trial of the calcium channel antagonist PY108-068 was completed in patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction. Nine treated patients received PY108-068 orally (150 mg/day in divided doses) and 10 control patients received placebo within 48 hours of stroke onset for 21 days. The mean age of the treated patients (four men, five women) was 63.7 years and of the control patients (seven men, three women) 64.4 years. Most infarctions were in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. One treated patient died of sudden cardiac death on Day 12; one control patient died of cerebral herniation. Two treated patients had episodes of clinically insignificant hypotension during Day 1 of treatment. Two control patients had myocardial infarctions during the trial. The mean Toronto Stroke Scale scores at stroke onset were 67 and 90 and at Week 12 were 22.5 and 34.7 in the treated and control groups, respectively. There was parallel improvement in the two groups, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.12). The mean Barthel Index functional scores at stroke onset were 32.8 and 33 and at Week 12 were 90 and 78.8 in the treated and control groups, respectively. There was a trend in favor of the treated group, but differences between groups did not reach significance. In this pilot trial, PY108-068 was found to be safe but not effective in patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction.