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1.
Parents or teachers rated 487 non-clinically referred young people with Pervasive Developmental Disorders on the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. The objectives of the study were to examine the relative prevalence of specific behavior problems, assess the impact of subject characteristics, and derive an empirical classification of behavioral and emotional problems for this population. Results indicated that the youngsters experienced high rates of behavior and emotional problems. Cluster analysis suggested that six- and eight-cluster solutions best fit the ratings provided by parents and teachers, respectively. Both parent and teacher cluster solutions contained groups of children characterized as problem free, well adapted, hyperactive, anxious, and with undifferentiated behavior disturbances. The empirically derived clusters were supported by data external to the analyses.  相似文献   

2.
Background This study examined whether behaviour problems and adaptive behaviour of low functioning young adults, and well‐being of their families, varied by diagnostic syndrome [intellectual disability (ID) only, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, autism], as well as by cultural group. Methods Behaviour disorders in young adults with moderate to severe ID were assessed from information provided by 282 caregivers during in‐home interviews. The sample consisted of 150 Anglo participants, and 132 Latino, primarily Spanish‐speaking, participants drawn from Southern California. Results Behaviour disorders and maternal well‐being showed the same pattern across disability syndromes. Autism was associated with the highest scores in multiple behaviour problem areas as well as maternal reports of lower well‐being. Down syndrome was associated with the lowest behaviour problem scores and the highest maternal well‐being. When behaviour problems were controlled for, diagnostic groups accounted for no additional variance in maternal stress or depression. The pattern of behaviour problems and well‐being did not differ by sample (Anglo vs. Latino), although level on well‐being measures did. Latina mothers reported significantly higher depression symptoms and lower morale, but also higher positive impact from their child than did Anglo mothers. Conclusions Caregivers of young adults with autism report more maladaptive behaviour problems and lower personal well‐being, or stress, relative to other diagnostic groups, regardless of cultural group. However, cultural differences exist in caregiver reports of depression, morale, and positive perceptions. Implications for service provision aimed at families of children with challenging behaviour problems are discussed in the context of culture.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract Objective: Parent and teacher ratings of core attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, as well as behavioral and emotional problems commonly comorbid with ADHD, were compared in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method: Participants were 86 children (66 boys; mean: age=9.3 years, intelligence quotient [IQ]=84) who met American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for an ASD on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Parent and teacher behavioral ratings were compared on the Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scales (CPRS-R; CTRS-R). The degree to which age, ASD subtype, severity of autistic symptomatology, and medication status mediated this relationship was also examined. Results: Significant positive correlations between parent and teacher ratings suggest that a child's core ADHD symptoms-as well as closely related externalizing symptoms-are perceived similarly by parents and teachers. With the exception of oppositional behavior, there was no significant effect of age, gender, ASD subtype, or autism severity on the relationship between parent and teacher ratings. In general, parents rated children as having more severe symptomatology than did teachers. Patterns of parent and teacher ratings were highly correlated, both for children who were receiving medication, and for children who were not. Conclusions: Parents and teachers perceived core symptoms of ADHD and closely-related externalizing problems in a similar manner, but there is less agreement on ratings of internalizing problems (e.g., anxiety). The clinical implication of these findings is that both parents and teachers provide important behavioral information about children with ASD. However, when a clinician is unable to access teacher ratings (e.g., during school vacations), parent ratings can provide a reasonable estimate of the child's functioning in these domains in school. As such, parent ratings can be reliably used to make initial diagnostic and treatment decisions (e.g., medication treatment) regarding ADHD symptoms in children with ASDs.  相似文献   

4.
This study examined parent and teacher rating correspondence of adaptive and challenging behaviours for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) enrolled in an early intervention program. Data were collected on the Behaviour Assessment System for Children, second edition (BASC-2; n = 22), and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, second edition (VABS-II; n = 28). Adaptive behaviour ratings generally demonstrated high parent–teacher correlations, while challenging behaviour ratings demonstrated relatively low correlations. Only adaptive skills on the BASC-2 showed significant mean parent–teacher differences, with parent ratings suggesting greater impairment. Results suggest that clinicians should consider gaining both parent and teacher perspectives on a child's challenging behaviour, but that a single informant measure of adaptive behaviour, either parent or teacher, may be sufficient after initial assessments are completed.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether parents are accurate informants of child hyperactivity symptoms and impairment at school. METHOD: Parents of a community sample of 93 children with pervasive hyperactivity completed rating scales about their child's behaviour at home and school. These were compared with teacher ratings. RESULTS: Parent ratings about school correlate more closely with parent (home) than teacher ratings. Such ratings systematically under-estimate teacher ratings and are influenced by the child's behaviour at both home and school as well as parental mental health. However, a parental report of impairment for the child at school is likely to be accurate. CONCLUSION: There are limitations in relying on parental accounts of school behaviour if teacher ratings are unavailable. As such ratings may under-identify children with ADHD and discrepancies between parent and teacher ratings may reflect actual differences in behaviour, this suggests that ratings are required from both sets of informants.  相似文献   

6.
Background Behavioural and emotional problems occur at a high rate in children and adolescents with intellectual disability, often from a young age. Some studies have indicated that children and adolescents with autism present with even higher rates. Less is known about the presentation, development and family impact of these difficulties in young children with autism. This study aimed to explore these issues in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), those with delay without a PDD, and their families. Methods Participants were 123 children aged 20–51 months, referred to a developmental assessment clinic. Parents completed a checklist on child behavioural and emotional problems, and individual questionnaires on family functioning, their own mental health, and stress in relation to parenting their child. The child’s language and cognitive skills, adaptive functioning and behaviour were assessed by standardized measures. Measures were repeated 1 year postdiagnosis. Behavioural and emotional problems in young children with a PDD were compared with those in children with developmental delay without a PDD, and their impact on parental outcomes explored over time. Results Initial and follow‐up measures of child behaviour and emotional problems, parent mental health problems, parent stress and family functioning were significantly correlated, providing some evidence of stability over time. Child emotional and behavioural problems contributed significantly more to mother stress, parent mental health problems, and perceived family dysfunction than child diagnosis (PDD/non‐PDD), delay or gender. Compared with mothers, all fathers reported significantly less stress in relation to parenting their child. Conclusion Results highlighted the importance of addressing emotional and behavioural problems in very young children with autism and/or developmental delay. The need for early support and intervention for mothers, fathers and families in this context was also evidenced. As research has shown that behavioural and emotional problems persist into adolescence and young adulthood, understanding of these issues in very young children and their parents has important implications for intervention and long‐term outcomes.  相似文献   

7.
Ratings on the Global Assessment Scale for Children (GASC) were assessed in relation to a battery of objective developmental and behavioural measures. Children aged three to six years (N = 55) attending a day treatment program for developmental delays, language disorders, and behavioural and emotional problems comprised the sample. A battery of tests was administered to the children. Parents and teachers completed standardized questionnaires to measure developmental, behavioural and emotional problems. The results indicated that the GASC score correlated significantly with child developmental level, impulse control, and with teacher ratings of social withdrawal. The GASC was unrelated to ratings of behavioural problems. Ratings on the GASC also were highly consistent over time. These results are discussed with respect to the strengths and limitations of using global ratings with preschool children.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: There are suggestions of a secular increase in the prevalence of depression, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in young people. This study aims to examine changes in prevalence of psychological disturbance over time in adolescents referred for treatment. METHOD: Data on the type and severity of emotional and behavioural problems was measured using the Youth Self-Report and Child Behaviour Checklist in 4495 clinic-referred adolescents aged 12-17 years, born in a 21-year period (1966-1986). RESULTS: After taking into account the confounding effects of age and gender, there were significant increases in reports of self-harm and suicidal ideation (5% and 4% increase in odds per year, respectively) according to parents, but there was no change in parental ratings of depression (anxious/depressed scale). There were no changes in ratings of self-harm, suicidal ideation or anxiety/depression when adolescent reports were considered. The mean age at the time of referral decreased with increasing year of birth, from 14.6 years in those born in 1966-1971, to 13.1 years in those born in 1981-1986. CONCLUSIONS: Parents of referred adolescents reported increasing self-harm and suicidal behaviour with increasing year of birth. In contrast, there were no changes over time in the adolescents' reports. Neither parents nor children reported an increase in depressive symptoms. Perceptions of a secular increase may reflect increasing parental awareness of some behaviours, particularly self-harm and suicidal ideation. Interpretation of these results needs to be cautious given the clinical origin of the sample.  相似文献   

9.
Background Previous research has highlighted the importance of the transition to school for young children and their families. A child's successful adaptation to school is likely influenced by a number of factors, including academic, social, emotional, behavioural and cognitive competencies. Children with intellectual disability (ID) may be at heightened risk for early school difficulties, in part due to their deficits in cognitive and adaptive behaviours. Methods Factors associated with the adaptive transition to school in young children with (n = 24) and without (n = 43) ID were examined. Adaptive transitions were defined as having few teacher‐reported problem behaviours and positive student–teacher relationships. Child self‐regulatory skills and both parent‐ and teacher‐reported social skills were evaluated to determine if they predicted positive adaptation in school for 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children. Data were gathered from child assessments, parent reports on standardized measures, direct observations of delay of gratification tasks and teacher reports on standardized measures. Results Children with ID had significantly more teacher‐reported problem behaviour, poorer overall student–teacher relationships, fewer parent‐ and teacher‐reported social skills and fewer self‐regulation skills than typically developing children. Self‐regulation at child age 36 months (latency to touch a desired toy) was significantly related to adaptation to school, as were parent and teacher reports of social skills. Social skills significantly predicted adaptation to school, even after accounting for the effects of child IQ and adaptive behaviour. Conclusions Children with ID had less positive early school experiences, as indicated by multiple indices of adaptation to school. Fostering early social skills may be an important target for increasing the positive adaptation to school for young children, especially those with ID.  相似文献   

10.
Background Parents of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically report elevated levels of parenting stress, and child behaviour problems are a strong predictor of heightened parenting stress. Interestingly, few studies have examined child characteristics beyond behaviour problems that may also contribute to parenting stress. The present longitudinal study examined the contribution of child social skills to maternal parenting stress across middle childhood, as well as the direction of the relationship between child social skills and parenting stress. Method Families of children with ID (n = 74) or typical development (TD) (n = 115) participated over a 2‐year period. Maternal parenting stress, child behaviour problems and child social skills were assessed at child ages six and eight. Results Child social skills accounted for unique variance in maternal parenting stress above and beyond child intellectual status and child behaviour problems. As the children matured, there was a significant interaction between child social skills and behaviour problems in predicting parenting stress. With respect to the direction of these effects, a cross‐lagged panel analysis indicated that early parenting stress contributed to later social skills difficulties for children, but the path from children's early social skills to later parenting stress was not supported, once child behaviour problems and intellectual status were accounted for. Conclusion When examining parenting stress, child social skills are an important variable to consider, especially in the context of child behaviour problems. Early parenting stress predicted child social skills difficulties over time, highlighting parenting stress as a key target for intervention.  相似文献   

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