中枢神经系统白血病脑脊液TNF-α和MMP-9测定的临床意义

目的 探讨脑脊液中微球蛋白肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)对于中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)诊断的意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附方法检测CNSL组,无CNSL组和对照组脑脊液中TNF-α、MMP-9的变化.结果 CNSL组脑脊液中TNF-α和MMP-9均高于无CNSL组和对照组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 脑脊液中TNF-α、MMP-9在CNSL的诊断中有重要意义,提示对其检测可以早期诊断CNSL.     

中枢神经系统白血病脑脊液TNF—α和MMP-9测定的临床意义

目的探讨脑脊液中微球蛋白肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）对于中枢神经系统白血病（CNSL）诊断的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附方法检测CNSL组,无CNSL组和对照组脑脊液中TNF-α、MMP-9的变化。结果CNSL组脑脊液中TNF-α和MMP-9均高于无CNSL组和对照组,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论脑脊液中TNF-α、MMP-9在CNSL的诊断中有重要意义,提示对其检测可以早期诊断CNSL。     

中枢神经系统白血病脑脊液MMP-2和TIMP-2测定的临床意义

目的探讨脑脊液中基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白抑制剂2(TIMP-2)对中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)诊断的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附方法检测CNSL组、无CNSL组和对照组脑脊液中MMP-2、TIMP-2表达水平的变化。结果 CNSL组脑脊液中MMP-2和TIMP-2均高于无CNSL组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05))。结论脑脊液中MMP-2、TIMP-2在CNSL的表达明显升高,提示其检测在早期诊断CNSL方面有一定意义。     

TNF-α和TNF-β在脑梗死患者中的检测意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和肿瘤坏死因子-β(TNF-β)在脑梗死患者中的联合检测意义。方法选择我院收治的脑梗死病例50例为观察组,同时选择我院体检健康者40例为对照组。测定所选对象TNF-α和TNF-β水平。结果观察组TNF-α和TNF-β水平分别高于对照组(P0.05)。重度神经功能缺损患者TNF-α和TNF-β水平均高于中度神经功能缺损患者,中度神经功能缺损患者均高于轻度神经功能缺损患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大面积脑梗死患者TNF-α和TNF-β水平均高于非大面积脑梗死患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑梗死患者血清TNF-α和TNF-β水平升高,神经功能缺损越严重,其水平越高,脑梗死面积越大其水平也越高,二者联合检测有助于脑梗死诊断并判断其严重程度和预后,具有重要检测意义。     

肿瘤坏死因子及其基因多态性与视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病的相关性

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和TNF-β及其基因多态性与视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)的相关性。方法收集50例NMOSD患者及60例健康对照者,用连接酶检测反应分型方法对TNF-α(rs1800629)和TNF-β(rs909253)基因分型;ELISA方法分别测定NMOSD组急性期、缓解期及健康对照组TNF-α和TNF-β的含量。结果 NMOSD组和正常对照组rs1800629和rs909253基因型分布及等位基因频率比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);NMOSD组急性期TNF-α水平高于缓解期和健康对照组(P0.05);NMOSD组急性期TNF-β均值水平高于健康对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05),TNF-β水平高于缓解期(P0.05);NMOSD组缓解期TNF-α和TNF-β水平低于健康对照组(P0.05);TNF-α不同基因型急性期血清TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);TNF-β不同基因型急性期血清TNF-β水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TNF-α(rs1800629)和TNF-β(rs909253)基因多态性与NMOSD和TNF分泌量可能不相关;TNF可能在NMOSD发病中起促进作用。     

病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α水平测定及诊断价值

目的探讨病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平及其诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测73例病毒性脑炎患儿(轻型41例,重型32例)和30例行腹部手术患儿(对照组)脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α的水平,并分析其指标在患儿脑脊液中的含量及相关性。结果轻型病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α水平分别为(81.36±13.84)ng/L、(53.21±8.52)μg/L,重型病毒性脑炎患儿分别为(128.90±22.31)ng/L、(95.77±13.82)μg/L,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);重型病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α水平高于轻型病毒性脑炎患儿(P均0.05)。轻型、重型病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α水平均呈正相关关系(r=0.389、0.531,P0.05)。结论病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α水平异常升高,且与疾病的严重程度关系密切,联合检测患儿脑脊液中IL-6和TNF-α水平有助于病毒性脑炎的临床诊断和预后评估。     

基质金属蛋白酶与肿瘤坏死因子α的检测对化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎的鉴别意义

目的:探讨脑脊液中基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2、MMP-9)与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的检测在化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)与病毒性脑炎(病脑)患儿早期鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:于入院后48小时(病程5天)内采集脑脊液,TNF-α的测定采用放射免疫法,MMP-2、MMP-9的测定采用双抗体夹心ELISA法。结果:化脑组患儿脑脊液中MMP-2、MMP-9与TNF-α的水平明显高于病脑组与对照组。结论:脑脊液中MMP-2、MMP-9与TNF-α水平的检测可作为化脑和病脑患儿早期鉴别诊断的方法之一。     

首发精神分裂症脑脊液和血清细胞因子水平及其与临床特征的关系

目的检测首发精神分裂症患者脑脊液和血清细胞因子水平,探讨其与临床特征的关系。方法纳入42例首发未用药的精神分裂症患者,采用放射免疫法测定患者脑脊液和血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的浓度,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定其精神症状,脑脊液对照组为10例外科手术患者,血清对照组为试剂盒提供正常的健康者血清细胞因子浓度。结果患者组脑脊液和血清IL-2和TNF-α水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脑脊液IL-6水平高于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL-6与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者组脑脊液和血清IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α水平与年龄、体重、病程、PANSS总分及其分量表分等的相关均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而血清TNF-α水平与发病年龄呈正相关(r=0.37,P<0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者中枢和外周均存在细胞免疫障碍,但未发现其与临床症状相关,血清TNF-α水平与精神分裂症早期发病可能密切相关。     

脑出血患者脑脊液IL-1β TNF-α和CRP含量的变化及临床意义

目的 观察脑出血(CH)患者脑脊液中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和C反应蛋白(CRP)含量的动态变化特点及临床意义。方法 收集急性脑出血患者发病后12h、24h、48h、96h和4周脑脊液,采用ELISA法测定脑脊液IL-1β、TNF-α和CRP含量,以20例无器质性病变或免疫系统疾病的腰椎麻醉患者作对照。结果 脑出血患者脑脊液IL-1β和TNF-α含量均显著高于正常对照组(P0.05),而CRP无明显变化;脑脊液IL-1β和TNF-α水平在急性脑出血发生后48h达到高峰,后逐步下降,而CRP在疾病发展过程中无明显变化。结论 脑出血后脑脊液IL-1β和TNF-α水平显著增高且于48h达到高峰,可作为出血性脑损伤指导治疗和判断病程的检测指标。     

颅内肿瘤诊断中血清和脑脊液β2-微球蛋白测定的临床意义

目的研究颅内肿瘤诊断中血清和脑脊液β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)测定的临床意义。方法用免疫比浊法测定75例颅内肿瘤患者和24例对照组血清和脑脊液β2-MG含量。颅内肿瘤组分为良、恶性两组。运用方差分析或秩和检验方法对对照组与颅内肿瘤患者检测结果及良、恶性颅内肿瘤患者检测结果之间进行统计分析。结果恶性肿瘤组的脑脊液和血清β2-MG含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01和P<0.05),有统计学意义。良性肿瘤组脑脊液β2-MG含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01),但血清β2-MG含量与对照组比较无统计学意义(P=0.375)。病理Ⅰ级和Ⅲ级之间比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论β2-MG是良好的肿瘤生化标志物。同时测定血清和脑脊液β2-MG含量有助于颅内良、恶性瘤肿瘤的诊断和鉴别,脑脊液β2-MG还可以辅助诊断肿瘤的部位,有助于临床医生设计治疗方案。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.