精神分裂症9号染色体基因扫描研究

目的:对山东半岛精神分裂症患者及正常对照者的9号染色体进行基因扫描,查找精神分裂症的关联位点.方法:在9号染色体上间隔10 cM(厘摩)遗传距离,选择20个微卫星遗传位点,用脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)混合池的方法对119例精神分裂症患者与119名正常对照者的DNA样本分别混合后进行基因扫描,对比患者组与对照组在差异位点的等位基因峰型比率的差异.结果:在D9S273遗传位点患者组与对照组的等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症患者群体中存在与9号染色体关联的区域.     

山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症21号染色体基因扫描研究

目的用DNA混合池(DNA pooling)的方法,通过微卫星遗传标记对精神分裂症患者及对照者的21号染色体进行扫描,寻找精神分裂症的关联区域。方法在21号染色体上间隔10 cM(厘摩)遗传距离选择了5个微卫星遗传标记,对119例精神分裂症患者与119例正常对照者组成的DNA混合样本分别进行了扫描。用卡方[X~2]检验的方法进行统计学分析,逐一比较患者组与对照组等位基因峰型比率的差异。结果在D21S1256遗传位点患者组和对照组的等位基因频率差异有显著性意义,P＜0．001。结论山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症患者群体在21号染色体长臂存在关联区域,可能包含致病基因或调控因子的病变。     

山东半岛东部地区精神分裂症13号染色体的基因扫描研究

目的通过微卫星遗传标记对精神分裂症患者及对照者的13号染色体进行扫描,查找精神分裂症关联区域。方法在13号染色体上间隔约10cM(厘摩)遗传距离选择14个微卫星遗传标记,对119例精神分裂症患者与119例正常对照者组成的DNA混合样本分别进行了基因扫描及分型,经过卡方(χ2)检验统计学分析,比较患者组与对照组每个等位基因峰型比率的差异。结果在D13S265(13q31.3)位点患者组与对照组的等位基因频率差异存在显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论山东半岛东部人群中精神分裂症患者的13号染色体上存在与本病的关联位点。     

山东省某地区精神分裂症患者6号染色体的基因组扫描研究

目的在6号染色体上寻找与精神分裂症的关联区域，进而定位精神分裂症的致病基因。方法在6号染色体采用问隔10cM（厘摩）遗传距离的20个微卫星遗传标记，分别对山东省潍坊市东部地区119例精神分裂症患者和119名正常对照者的DNA混合样本进行基因组扫描，比较两组每个等位基因峰值比率的差异。结果患者组D6S289和D6S460两个遗传位点上的等位基因频率分别为0．121和0．200，高于对照组（分别为0．046和0．157，P〈0．01），而患者组D6S1610遗传位点的等位基因频率（0．087）低于对照组（0．161，P〈0．01）。结论山东省潍坊市东部地区的精神分裂症患者中存在与6号染色体的关联区域，致病因子（基因或调控因子等）可能位于其中。     

JARID2与山东潍坊地区精神分裂症关联

目的 查找精神分裂症的易感基因.方法 用覆盖全基因组间隔距离10 cM(厘摩)的400个微卫星遗传标记,首先对山东省潍坊地区的119例精神分裂症患者与119例正常对照者的DNA混合样本分别进行基因组扫描,发现6号染色体上的D6S289位点基因频率在两组中差异显著,然后又对所有样本进行了逐个扫描与基因分型.结果 D6S289微卫星位点的等位基因频率及基因型频率与精神分裂症呈现关联,并且此位点位于JAR-ID2基因内部.结论 JARID2基因可能为精神分裂症的易感基因,需要对其进行深入研究.     

山东省双相情感障碍6号染色体基因扫描研究

目的 对双相情感障碍患者及正常对照者的6号染色体进行扫描,查找双相情感障碍的关联位点,进而定位易感基因.方法 在6号染色体上间隔10 cM(厘摩)遗传距离选择了20个微卫星遗传标记,对104例发病年龄≤20岁的双相情感障碍患者与1000例正常对照者组成的DNA混合样本分别进行了扫描.采用CLUMP软件进行统计学分析,逐一比较患者组与对照组等位基因频率的差异.结果 在D6S262位点发现患者组与对照组的等位基因频率差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 山东省双相情感障碍患者与6号染色体上D6S262位点关联,基因突变或甲基化调控等致病因子可能位于其附近.     

山东省孤独症7号染色体基因扫描研究

目的对孤独症患者、其父母及正常对照者的7号染色体进行扫描,查找与孤独症关联的遗传位点。方法在7号染色体上间隔10cM遗传距离选择22个微卫星遗传位点,用DNA混合池的方法对38例孤独症患者、75例患者父母和1000例正常对照者的DNA样本进行基因扫描。采用CLUMP软件和SPSS10．0对患者组、父母组以及对照组每个位点的等位基因频率进行比较。结果在D7S513位点（7p21．3）发现患者组与对照组的等位基因频率存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论山东省孤独症患者在7号染色体的D7S513位点存在关联,需要在其附近进行易感基因筛查。     

精神分裂症与微卫星DNA D3S1358的多态性的关联研究

目的　通过对微卫星DNAD3S135 8多态性的分析 ,了解精神分裂症与D3S135 8有关等位基因的关联情况。方法　对 32名精神分裂症患者和 12 3名随机人群采用PEProfilerplus系统进行PCR复合扩增 ,然后用ABI310型基因分析系统对扩增产物进行电泳和基因检测。结果　两组D3S135 8等位基因频率符合Hardy Weinberg平衡定律 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;精神分裂症组D3S135 8 14的检出率为 12 .5 % ,对照组的检出率为 4 .4 7% ,两者有统计学显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;精神分裂症组D3S135 8 17的检出率为 9.38% ,对照组检出率为 2 0 .73% ,显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;其他各等位基因检出率两组无统计学显著差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　D3S135 8某些等位基因与精神分裂症的发病有关 ,在第 3号染色体上可能存在与精神分裂症相关的易感或抗性基因。     

微卫星DNA vWA的多态性与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的　通过对微卫星DNAvWA多态性的分析 ,了解精神分裂症与vWA有关“等位基因”的关联情况。方法　对 32例精神分裂症患者和 12 3名随机人群采用PEProfilerplus系统进行PCR复合扩增 ,然后用ABI310型基因分析系统对扩增产物进行电泳和基因检测。结果　两组vWA“等位基因”频率符合Hardy Weinberg平衡定律 (P >0 0 5 ) ;精神分裂症组vWA 14的检出率为 17 2 % ,对照组的检出率为 33 3% ,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;精神分裂症组vWA 17的检出率为 31 2 % ,对照组检出率为 19 5 % ,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;其他各“等位基因”检出率两组无统计学显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　vWA“等位基因”vWA 14和vWA 17与精神分裂症的发病有关 ,在第 12号染色体上可能存在与精神分裂症相关的基因     

同胞精神分裂症患者与染色体D6S274和D6S296位点的关联分析

目的　探讨精神分裂症与6号染色体上基因位点多态性之间的关系。方法　选取南京市及其周边地区共患慢性精神分裂症的同胞60对(120例)及散发性精神分裂症120例,分别与正常同胞60对(120名)及120名正常人进行对照。采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性技术,观察其D6S274和D6S296位点多态性的分布。结果　精神分裂症患者和正常人D6S274和D6S296位点上等位基因频率的分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。共患慢性精神分裂症同胞组D6S296的264bp和278bp等位基因频率分别为20 83%和21 67%,高于正常同胞组(分别为7 08%和14 17% ),差异均有统计学意义(χ2 =18 84和4 59,P<0 01和P<0 05);其他各等位基因频率的分布在各组之间的差异无统计学意义。结论　慢性精神分裂症可能与人类6号染色体上D6S296位点关联。     

Genome-wide analysis of the parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam

BACKGROUND: Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) is a neurofibrillary tangle degeneration involving the deposition of Alzheimer-type tau, predominantly in the mesial temporal cortex, brainstem, and basal ganglia. It occurs in focal geographic isolates, including Guam and the Kii peninsula of Japan. The familial clustering of the disease has suggested that a genetic factor could be important in its etiology. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a genetic locus could be identified, linked, or associated with PDC. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We performed a genome-wide association study of 22 Guamanian PDC and 19 control subjects using 834 microsatellite markers with an approximate genome-wide marker density of 4.4 centimorgans. RESULTS: Two-point association analysis identified 17 markers (P<.015). Each of these markers then underwent conventional linkage analysis in 5 families with PDC. One marker, D20S103, generated a logarithm of odds score of greater than 1.5. Multipoint association analysis also highlighted 2 other areas on chromosome 14q (adjacent to D14S592, 59.2 megabases [M]) and chromosome 20 (adjacent to D20S470, 17.4 M) with multipoint association logarithm of the odds scores of greater than 2. The areas around D20S103, D14S592, and D20S470 were further analyzed by association using additional microsatellite markers and by conventional linkage analysis. This did not provide further evidence for the role of these areas in PDC. CONCLUSIONS: This study has not identified a single gene locus for PDC, confirming the impression of a geographic disease isolate with a complex genetic, a genetic/environmental etiology, or a purely environmental etiology.     

Association between chromogranin b gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: We found in previous work a significant association between schizophrenia and D20S95 on chromosome 20p12.3. In this study, we analyzed 10 microsatellite markers and found an association of schizophrenia with D20S882 and D20S905 that flank D20S95. The chromogranin B gene (CHGB) is 30 kb from D20S905. The chromogranin B (secretogranin I) belongs to a series of acidic secretory proteins that are widely expressed in endocrine and neuronal cells, and its cerebrospinal fluid levels have been reported to decrease in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: We screened for polymorphisms in CHGB with polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing methods in 24 Japanese schizophrenic patients and identified a total of 22 polymorphisms. Allelic and genotypic distributions of detected polymorphisms were compared between unrelated Japanese schizophrenic patients (n = 192) and healthy control subjects (n = 192). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in the allelic distributions were found between schizophrenic patients and control subjects for 1058C/G (A353G) (corrected p = 7.7 x 10(-5)) and 1104A/G (E368E) (corrected p = 8.1 x 10(-6)). The 1058C/G and 1104A/G alleles were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium and were in linkage disequilibrium with D20S95. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the CHGB variations are involved in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in our study population.     

Association of ZNF74 gene genotypes with age-at-onset of schizophrenia.

Because of the manifestation of schizophrenic symptoms in individuals with interstitial deletions of chromosome 22q11.2, genes located in 22q11.2 are positional candidates for schizophrenia susceptibility. We genotyped five polymorphisms at D22S941, D22S944, D22S264, and D22S311, and the COMT gene in the common 3Mbp deletion region associated with 22q11 deletion syndrome in 300 Japanese schizophrenics and 300 controls and identified one patient with 22q11 deletion (Arinami et al., 2001). The results showed a trend of different genotypic distributions in D22S264 between patients with schizophrenia and controls (non-corrected p=0.04). Given this finding, we searched for mutations in the ZNF74 gene, which is located 11.2Kbp centromeric to D22S264. The ZNF74 gene is a member of the KRAB-zinc finger gene family and is expressed in the developing brain. Four polymorphisms, 1150T/C, IVS2a-40G/A, E/K46, and [K/N551;L/F552], were detected. The first three polymorphisms were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium. Case-control comparisons for these polymorphisms resulted in similar genotypic and allelic frequencies in patients and controls. The polymorphisms, however, were significantly associated with age-at-onset of schizophrenia (n<0.0001). Subsequent analyses in another Japanese schizophrenic population (n=169) confirmed an age-at-onset association (p<0.0001). These findings suggest that the ZNF74 gene plays a role as one of the modifying factors for schizophrenia.     

Possible linkage of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder to chromosome 3q29; a follow-up

The present linkage study is a follow-up within the chromosome 3q29 region in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder families, based on our recently published genome scan, resulting in evidence for linkage of both disorders to this region (marker D3S1265: NPL [non parametric lod] score Z(all)=3.74, P=0.003). Using the same family sample (five pedigrees with schizophrenic index patients and three pedigrees with index bipolar disorder patients N=86; 50 of them were available for genotyping), genotyping of eight additional markers close to D3S1265 was done. Five of those new markers (three centromeric and two telomeric of D3S1265) spanning 4.14 cM (centiMorgan) could be used for statistical analyses ("new markers"). Moreover, marker D3S1265, genotyped within the published genome scan, was used for additional calculations. Linkage analysis was performed using the GENEHUNTER program version 2.1r3. Within newly genotyped markers the highest NPL score Z(all) observed was 1.93296 with the telomeric SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) rs1835669, corresponding to P=0.032166. Statistical analysis including D3S1265, located in between the newly genotyped markers, resulted in a peak NPL score Z(all)=4.00179 with marker D3S1265, that is P=0.000128. Doing subset analyses of the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia families separately with new markers and D3S1265, linkage signals arose substantially from bipolar disorder families, with contribution from schizophrenia families, too. The results of our follow-up study support our previous linkage finding of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder to chromosome 3q29.     

A genome-wide screen for linkage disequilibrium in Sardinian multiple sclerosis

Using indirect whole genome association screening, we have searched for multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes in the genetically isolated high risk Sardinian population. Two screens were performed; the first was based on 229 cases and 264 unrelated controls, and the second on 235 trio families. Each screen employed a dense set of microsatellite markers and DNA pooling. Data from both screens were available from 2764 markers. Nine markers showed nominally significant results in both screens independently. Five of these markers-D2S408 (2q36), D6S271 (6p21), D6S344 (6p25), D7S1818 (7p12) and D16S420 (16p12)-remained nominally significant in both studies after conservative refining analysis.     

Kinematic analysis of facial behaviour in patients with schizophrenia under emotional stimulation by films with “Mr. Bean”

In schizophrenic patients, motor functioning is substantially disturbed. Kinematic analysis is useful in examining this motor dysfunction. Using kinematic analysis, we aimed to investigate facial movement in schizophrenic patients responding to humorous film stimuli (“Mr. Bean”). Ultrasound markers were attached to pre-defined facial points while subjects watched a funny film sketch. The study included 21 schizophrenic in-patients (13 men, 8 women; mean (S.D.) age: 32.1 (10.4) years) and 30 healthy individuals (12 men, 18 women; mean (S.D.) age: 35.7 (11.0) years). Unmedicated schizophrenic patients showed an abnormally high initial velocity of laughing (IV), while patients treated with typical neuroleptics demonstrated an abnormally low IV. There was a significant positive correlation between severity of negative symptoms and IV. Kinematical analysis of facial movement using IV could help to distinguish subclinical Parkinsonian syndromes induced by typical neuroleptics from negative symptoms of schizophrenia.