语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入后听觉行为及言语可懂度分级的相关因素分析

目的：应用听觉行为分级（CAP）和言语可懂度分级（SIR）评估语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入后言语交流状况,探讨其得分与听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用情况的关系。方法：回顾分析23例语后聋人工耳蜗植入者的临床资料,收集其听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用情况等相关资料,应用CAP、SIR分级评估其言语交流状况。运用IBM SPSS Statistics19软件进行统计描述及结果分析。结果：CAP分级平均得分为6．13分,统计分析示CAP分级与听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用时间无显著相关关系（均P〉0．05）。患者均为语后聋,其SIR分级的平均得分为4．91分。结论：语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入后CAP分级与听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用情况无相关性。这可能是由于CAP分级的精确性和细节上的欠缺或该研究样本量限制,未显示出其与3个变量之间的关系。SIR不适用于评估语后聋患者人工耳蜗植人后的言语状况。     

单侧人工耳蜗植入学龄前耳聋儿童听觉言语康复效果影响因素分析

目的：探讨学龄前耳聋儿童单侧人工耳蜗植入（cochlear implantation ,CI）后早期康复效果的影响因素。方法对行单侧人工耳蜗植入术且在听觉言语康复机构按照中国残联聋康中心标准进行听觉言语康复1年以上的165例双耳极重度感音神经性聋患儿进行听觉行为分级（categories of auditory performance ,CAP）、言语可懂度分级（speech intelligibility rating ,SIR）评估,分析性别、植入年龄、基因突变类型、助听器佩戴经验以及内耳畸形与康复效果的关系。结果经过多因素回归分析,植入年龄、基因突变与CI儿童的CAP、SIR得分增长相关（P＜0．05）,而性别、助听器佩戴史及内耳畸形（大前庭水管综合症）与CAP、SIR得分增长无关（P＜0．05）。1～3岁组CAP提高速度最快,2、3、4岁组SIR增长速度最快;GJB2基因突变致聋的CI儿童康复12个月后的CAP、SIR得分均高于非G IB2突变者。结论植入年龄为1～3岁者早期听觉康复速度较快,植入年龄为2～4岁者早期言语能力发育速度较快;G JB2突变致聋的儿童人工耳蜗植入后听觉言语康复效果更优;大前庭水管综合症患儿人工耳蜗植入效果与非大前庭水管患儿相同。     

语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者听觉和言语康复效果的问卷分级评估

目的使用听觉和言语问卷分级的方法评估人工耳蜗植入患者的听觉言语康复效果，分析康复效果的相关影响因素。探讨人工耳蜗术后听觉言语康复效果的问卷评估方法。方法对97例语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者的家长和康复教师进行调查随访。根据听觉行为分级标准(categories of auditory performance，CAP)和言语可懂度分级标准(speech intelligibility rating，SIR)对患者的听觉感知能力和言语产生能力进行分级评估。CAP共分1—8级，SIR共分1—5级。用组内单因素秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP和SIR分级结果与植入电极类型、植入年龄、病因、病程、术前助听器使用情况、植入深度、植入时间、康复模式、家庭经济状况等9个因素的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示：植人体型号(P=0．0439)、植入时间长短(P=0．0001)、康复模式(P=0．0460)、家庭经济状况(P=0．0140)与CAP有关；植入时间长短(P=0．0001)、康复模式(P=0．0271)与SIR有关。植入年龄、病因、病程、植入深度以及术前助听器的佩戴与CAP和SIR均无关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：植入时间长短和家庭经济状况与CAP显著相关：植入时间长短与SIR显著相关。结论植入时间越长，人工耳蜗对患者听觉言语发展的效果越明显。康复模式与手段对人工耳蜗植入后患者的言语和康复能力有着决定性的影响。     

语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者听觉和言语康复效果的问卷分级评估

目的 使用听觉和言语问卷分级的方法评估人工耳蜗植入患者的听觉言语康复效果,分析康复效果的相关影响因素。探讨人工耳蜗术后听觉言语康复效果的问卷评估方法。方法 对97例语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者的家长和康复教师进行调查随访。根据听觉行为分级标准(categoriesof auditory performance,CAP)和言语可懂度分级标准(speech intelligibility rating,SIR)对患者的听觉感知能力和言语产生能力进行分级评估。CAP共分1-8级,SIR共分1-5级。用组内单因素秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP和SIR分级结果与植入电极类型、植入年龄、病因、病程、术前助听器使用情况、植入深度、植入时间、康复模式、家庭经济状况等9个因素的关系。结果 单因素分析结果显示:植入体型号(P=0.0439)、植入时间长短(P=0.0001)、康复模式(P=0.0460)、家庭经济状况(P=0.0140)与CAP有关;植入时间长短(P=0.0001)、康复模式(P=0.0271)与SIR有关。植入年龄、病因、病程、植入深度以及术前助听器的佩戴与CAP和SIR均无关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:植入时间长短和家庭经济状况与CAP显著相关;植入时间长短与SIR显著相关。结论植入时间越长,人工耳蜗对患者听觉言语发展的效果越明显。康复模式与手段对人工耳蜗植入后患者的言语和康复能     

语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复相关影响因素的研究

目的探讨语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者的听觉言语康复效果及其相关影响因素。方法对159例人工耳蜗植入患者家长和康复教师进行调查随访。根据听觉行为分级标准(Categories of Auditory Performance,CAP)和言语可懂度分级标准(Speech Intelligibility Rating,SIR),对患者的听觉能力和言语能力进行分级评估。用组内单因素秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP和SIR分级结果与性别、惯用手、内耳发育、颅脑影像学情况、术前助听器使用、术前语训、植入耳侧、植入电极类型、植入年龄、植入后时间、术后语言环境、术后康复模式、家庭经济状况等13个因素的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,不同的术前助听器使用情况、术前语训、植入后时间、家庭经济状况组间CAP分级结果有显著性差异（P值均<0.05）;不同的植入耳侧、植入后时间、家庭经济状况组间SIR分级结果有显著性差异（P值均<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,植入后时间、家庭经济状况与CAP、SIR分级结果均有显著相关。结论植入后时间、家庭经济状况对人工耳蜗植入术后患者的听觉言语康复效果起决定性的作用。     

大前庭水管综合征患者人工耳蜗植入术后效果分析

目的探讨轻度耳蜗结构畸形对人工耳蜗植入术后患者听觉及言语识别能力康复的影响。方法 14例(年龄2.5~7.5岁,人工耳蜗植入年龄4.71±1.94岁)大前庭水管综合征(large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS)伴重度或极重度感音神经性聋患者为大前庭水管综合征组,另选择临床资料相匹配的耳蜗结构正常的重度或极重度感音神经性聋患者14例(年龄2.5~7.5岁,人工耳蜗植入年龄4.68±1.80岁)为对照组。两组均行单耳人工耳蜗植入术,术后12个月分别进行声场助听听阈(0.5~4.0 kHz)、婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表/有意义听觉整合量表(meaningful auditory integration scale, MAIS)、听觉行为分级(categorical auditory performance criteria,CAP)以及言语可懂度分级(speech intelligibility rating scale,SIR)评估,并进行言语识别能力(包括自然环境声响识别、声母识别、韵母识别、声调识别、单音节词识别、双音节词识别、三音节词识别、短句识别)评估。结果大前庭水管综合征组及对照组术后12个月声场助听平均听阈(分别为36.88±5.73、35.36±6.29 dB HL)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组的MAIS得分率(分别为87.85%±8.01%、87.85%±9.75%)、CAP评分(分别平均为7级和6.5级)、SIR评分(分别平均为5级和4.5级)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组八项言语识别能力评估的言语识别率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大前庭水管综合征语前聋儿童植入人工耳蜗后听觉言语能力的发展水平与非综合征型先天性聋患儿相当。     

影响人工耳蜗植入术后效果的原因分析

目的　探讨儿童人工耳蜗植入术后言语康复效果的影响因素，更科学的指导聋儿言语康复。方法　选择在我院接受诺尔康CS-10A人工耳蜗植入的76例儿童患者，术后1年使用听觉行为分级标准（categories of auditoryper formance，CAP）和言语可懂度分级标准（speech intelligibility rating，SIR）对患儿术后日常生活环境中的听觉感知水平和言语表达能力作出分级评估。结果　统计学分析显示植入年龄、耳蜗发育有无畸形、家长文化程度、家人是否积极参与患儿术后康复、患儿每天佩戴耳蜗的时间 和术前有无助听器佩戴史6个方面均与术后言语康复效果具有很好相关性。结论　植入年龄越小、耳蜗发育正常、家长文化程度高、家长参与、每天佩戴耳蜗时间越长和术前佩戴助听器均利于患儿言语康复。     

不同家庭状况学龄前人工耳蜗植入儿童术后康复效果分析

目的：调查分析不同家庭状况对学龄前人工耳蜗植入儿童术后听觉言语康复效果的影响。方法对2013年2月～2014年4月75例行单侧人工耳蜗植入术的1～6岁儿童分别在术前及术后3、6、12个月进行听觉行为分级标准（categories of auditory performance，CAP）和言语可懂度分级标准（speech intelligibility rating， SIR）评估，应用单因素方差分析比较不同家庭状况（常居地、就学地点、经济状况、语言、主要教育者及其文化水平）儿童术后12个月听觉言语分级差异。结果75例患儿人工耳蜗植入术前及术后3、6、12个月CAP 平均分级分别为1．00、2．60、4．73、6．50级，SIR平均分级分别为1．00、1．54、2．51、3．53级，每相邻2个时间段的分级水平差异有统计学意义（均为P＜0．01）。经单因素方差分析比较，去大城市就学、说普通话家庭和家庭主要教育者为父母的儿童术后12个月CAP分级高；术后12个月说普通话家庭儿童的SIR分级高于说方言家庭儿童；家庭主要教育者的文化程度越高，术后12个月时患儿的CAP及SIR分级越高。结论儿童术后听觉言语康复效果与康复时间和家庭教育氛围有明显关系，家庭成员文化程度越高，交流语言为普通话者术后康复效果好。     

皮层听觉诱发电位评估人工耳蜗植入语前聋儿童的中枢听觉系统发育

目的研究人工耳蜗植入语前聋儿童的皮层听觉诱发电位(cortical auditory evoked potential,CAEP)P1波潜伏期的发展规律,评估不同年龄段植入人工耳蜗语前聋儿童的中枢听觉系统的发育。方法以人工耳蜗植入语前聋儿童50例(植入年龄15~66月,平均38.7±15.2月,其中小于42月龄者27例,大于42月龄者23例)和年龄相匹配的正常听力儿童50例为研究对象,采用500、1000、2000、4000 Hz四种频率的短纯音(tone burst,TB)刺激声分别对受试者进行皮层听觉诱发电位测试,并对人工耳蜗植入语前聋儿童进行婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表或有意义听觉整合量表(infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale/meamingful auditory integration scale,IT-MAIS/MAIS)评分,比较两组P1波潜伏期,对P1波潜伏期和IT-MAIS/MAIS评分进行相关性分析。结果正常听力儿童四种不同频率短纯音刺激记录的CAEP P1波潜伏期与年龄均呈负相关(P<0.01);42月龄前植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童P1波潜伏期与正常听力儿童无统计学差异(P>0.05);42月龄以后植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童的P1波潜伏期较正常儿童显著延长,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。人工耳蜗植入儿童的CAEP P1波潜伏期与IT-MAIS/MAIS量表评分均呈负相关(P<0.01),不同频率TB刺激声下的P1波潜伏期无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论大于42月龄植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童的中枢听觉系统发育较正常听力儿童延迟。     

学龄前不同年龄段语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿康复效果比较

目的：分析学龄前不同年龄段语前聋患儿人工耳蜗植入后听觉言语康复效果,探讨影响其康复效果的可能因素。方法将55例植入Freedom人工耳蜗的学龄前语前聋患儿按植入年龄分为1～3岁组32例,＞3～5岁组23例,于术后开机1、3、6、12、18、24个月时分别采用听障儿童听觉言语评估词表及标准评估程序、听觉行为分级（categories of auditory performance ,CAP）和言语可懂度分级（speech intelligibility rating ,SIR）评估并比较两组患儿听觉能力、言语能力及学习能力。结果在术后两年内,随着康复时间的延长,两组对象的平均言语识别率、平均语言年龄、CAP分级及SIR分级均逐渐提高,且在术后各时间段1～3岁组的平均言语识别率、平均语言年龄康复效果优于＞3～5岁组（P＜0．05）;在术后开机1、3、12个月时1～3岁组的CAP评级高于＞3～5岁组（P值分别为0．001、0．002和0．002）;在术后开机1、3、12、24个月时1～3岁组的SIR评分高于＞3～5岁组（P值分别为0．00、0．00、0．024和0．024）;两组间各时间段学习能力比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论对于语前聋患儿,人工耳蜗植入的年龄越小,术后两年内康复训练时间越长,效果越好;人工耳蜗植入时的年龄和术后康复时间是影响语前聋人工耳蜗植入患儿术后康复效果的关键因素。     

Selective activation of cat primary auditory cortex by way of direct intraneural auditory nerve stimulation

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Although cochlear implants have been successfully used by many individuals with profound hearing impairment, limitations still remain with this approach to hearing restoration, including poor stimulation selectivity because of cross-talk between electrodes and poor low-frequency percepts. These limitations may be mitigated by direct intraneural stimulation of the auditory nerve by way of an array of penetrating microelectrodes. Such an approach should provide focal stimulation and selective activation of the nerve fibers, thereby minimizing cross-talk among implanted stimulating electrodes and evoking narrow-band frequency percepts. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the activation of primary auditory cortex evoked by such direct intraneural electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. METHODS: We implanted 11 penetrating microelectrodes in the cat auditory nerve, simulated the nerve by way of these electrodes, and recorded the evoked neuronal activity patterns in cat primary auditory cortex. We compared these activation patterns with acoustically evoked cortical activity patterns obtained in a different animal. RESULTS: Our results showed that direct stimulation of the auditory nerve evoked localized activity patterns in primary auditory cortex similar in spatial extent to those evoked by acoustic stimulation and that the extent of cortical activation by both acoustic and electrical stimuli was graded with stimulus intensity. These results suggest that the implanted electrodes can excite independent and small populations of nerve fibers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the functional feasibility of direct intraneural auditory nerve stimulation with an array of penetrating microelectrodes and that such an approach could form the foundation for an auditory prosthesis with improved frequency coding.     

The role of the cerebellum in auditory processing using the SSI test

The Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) test assesses central auditory pathways by measuring auditory and visual sensitivity and testing selective attention. Cerebellum activation in auditory attention and sensorial activity modulation have already been described. Assessing patients with cerebellar lesions alone using the SSI test can confirm the role of the cerebellum in auditory processing.AimTo evaluate the role of the cerebellum in auditory processing in individuals with normal hearing and in those with chronic cerebellum lesions, using the SSI test.Materials and MethodsCross-sectional cohort study. A study group comprising 18 patients with chronic cerebellar lesion and a control group of 20 healthy individuals were assessed. The SSI test was applied in an Ipsilateral Competitive Message (ICM) and Contralateral Competitive Message (CCM) modes. To compare the results between groups, we used the chi-square test for qualitative variables.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between the study and control groups using the ICM mode of the SSI test (p=0.035), but not in the CCM mode (p=0.083).ConclusionThe results on the SSI confirmed cerebellar participation in auditory processing in individuals with chronic cerebellar lesions and in those with normal hearing assessed in this study.     

Activity influences on neuronal connectivity within the auditory pathway

HYPOTHESIS: Sensorineural hearing loss may be associated with altered patterns of neuronal connections within the central auditory pathway. STUDY DESIGN: The cat auditory system was used to address the relative importance of impulse traffic within the auditory nerve in maintaining central nervous system connections. METHODS: Acute, unilateral deafness was induced by tetrodotoxin intoxication of cochlear hair cells. Analysis focused on the structural patterns of contact between auditory nerve endings called end bulbs of Held and their target neurons. Specifically, end bulb morphology and target cell size within the cochlear nucleus were examined. Highly specialized synaptic contacts at this junction provide a powerful site for study. RESULTS: The principal finding was that abolished activity in the auditory nerve caused nerve endings to assume a different shape, typified by more branching and smaller terminal swellings. The new shape is one typically associated with only a subpopulation of fibers in normal-hearing cats--those exhibiting a high-threshold, low-spontaneous activity profile. This result implies that abolished activity alters patterns of nerve fiber contact with second-order neurons. Tetrodotoxin produced differential effects on subpopulations of target neurons within the brainstem and is interpretable on the basis of "weighing" synaptic inputs. Second-order neurons that receive large axosomatic inputs from their parent fiber were significantly smaller than neurons that receive small, axodendritic terminals. Thus, attenuated auditory activity may produce differential effects across the auditory pathway, thereby disrupting the normal balance of inputs into synaptic stations. CONCLUSIONS: Impulse traffic is a critical factor in the interaction between the ear and central auditory stations and appears necessary for the maintenance of key synapses. As hearing disorders with impaired comprehension may be modeled by studies of auditory deafferentation, these observations extend the possibility that changes in central neuronal connections underlie reduced capabilities for processing restored auditory input.     

小儿类听神经病的临床表现

目的:报道1组小儿类听神经病(ANSD)的临床特征,以加深对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析84例(151耳)ANSD患儿病史、影像学、听力学表现及人工耳蜗植入效果。结果:①高胆红素血症11例,家族史2例,缺氧3例,早产1例,基底核病变1例,先天性脑发育落后2例,脑瘫1例,蜗神经发育不全13例;②79.8%(67/84)为双侧发病,20.2%(17/84)为单侧发病;③短声ABR:70.2%(106/151)在最大输出(100dB nHL)无反应波形引出,29.8%(45/151)在非常高的刺激强度仅有分化不良的Ⅴ波;④行为听力测试:23例有测试结果者中,1例为轻度感音神经性聋,2例重度,20例为极重度;⑤影像学:29例有内耳MRI者中,外、中、内耳结构正常者16例,蜗神经发育不良12例,蜗神经发育不良伴双脑室周围白质髓鞘形成不良1例;⑥人工耳蜗植入效果:5例患耳植入人工耳蜗,其中3例术后1年婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表得分与蜗性聋儿相当,1例稍差于蜗性聋儿,另1例无效。结论:ANSD是听力学表现相同的一大类疾病,在病史、听力学、影像学及人工耳蜗植入效果方面存在多样性,因此对此类患儿应进行全面、详细的临床检查,以便制...     

Effects of Pulse Phase Duration and Location of Stimulation Within the Inferior Colliculus on Auditory Cortical Evoked Potentials in a Guinea Pig Model

The auditory midbrain implant (AMI), which consists of a single shank array designed for stimulation within the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), has been developed for deaf patients who cannot benefit from a cochlear implant. Currently, performance levels in clinical trials for the AMI are far from those achieved by the cochlear implant and vary dramatically across patients, in part due to stimulation location effects. As an initial step towards improving the AMI, we investigated how stimulation of different regions along the isofrequency domain of the ICC as well as varying pulse phase durations and levels affected auditory cortical activity in anesthetized guinea pigs. This study was motivated by the need to determine in which region to implant the single shank array within a three-dimensional ICC structure and what stimulus parameters to use in patients. Our findings indicate that complex and unfavorable cortical activation properties are elicited by stimulation of caudal–dorsal ICC regions with the AMI array. Our results also confirm the existence of different functional regions along the isofrequency domain of the ICC (i.e., a caudal–dorsal and a rostral–ventral region), which has been traditionally unclassified. Based on our study as well as previous animal and human AMI findings, we may need to deliver more complex stimuli than currently used in the AMI patients to effectively activate the caudal ICC or ensure that the single shank AMI is only implanted into a rostral–ventral ICC region in future patients.     

Interaural Time-Delay Sensitivity in Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users: Effects of Pulse Rate, Modulation Rate, and Place of Stimulation

Electrical interaural time delay (ITD) discrimination was measured using 300-ms bursts applied to binaural pitch matched electrodes at basal, mid, and apical locations in each ear. Six bilateral implant users, who had previously shown good ITD sensitivity at a pulse rate of 100 pulses per second (pps), were assessed. Thresholds were measured as a function of pulse rate between 100 and 1,000 Hz, as well as modulation rate over that same range for high-rate pulse trains at 6,000 pps. Results were similar for all three places of stimulation and showed decreasing ITD sensitivity as either pulse rate or modulation rate increased, although the extent of that effect varied across subjects. The results support a model comprising a common ITD mechanism for high- and low-frequency places of stimulation, which, for electrical stimulation, is rate-limited in the same way across electrodes because peripheral temporal responses are largely place invariant. Overall, ITD sensitivity was somewhat better with unmodulated pulse trains than with high-rate pulse trains modulated at matched rates, although comparisons at individual rates showed that difference to be significant only at 300 Hz. Electrodes presenting with the lowest thresholds at 600 Hz were further assessed using bursts with a ramped onset of 10 ms. The slower rise time resulted in decreased performance in four of the listeners, but not in the two best performers, indicating that those two could use ongoing cues at 600 Hz. Performance at each place was also measured using single-pulse stimuli. Comparison of those data with the unmodulated 300-ms burst thresholds showed that on average, the addition of ongoing cues beyond the onset enhanced overall ITD sensitivity at 100 and 300 Hz, but not at 600 Hz. At 1,000 Hz, the added ongoing cues actually decreased performance. That result is attributed to the introduction of ambiguous cues within the physiologically relevant range and increased dichotic firing.