鼓室成形术治疗不同类型鼓室硬化患者的近期疗效分析

目的探讨鼓室成形术治疗不同类型鼓室硬化患者的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年2月至2011年2月间有完整资料且随访半年以上、经鼓室成形术治疗的33例鼓室硬化患者(I型8例,II型9例,III型2例,IV型14例)的临床资料,其中8例行鼓室探查+鼓膜成形术,25例行开放式乳突根治+鼓室成形术,以言语频率气导平均听力改善15dB以上或达应用听力水平为手术成功标准,评估其疗效。结果 33例患者术前言语频率气导平均听阈为54.09±9.76dB HL;术后半年随访时平均听阈为38.85±8.42dB HL,总手术成功率为63.64%(21/33),其中鼓室探查+鼓膜成形术8例中4例(50%)手术成功,开放式乳突根治+鼓室成形术25例中17例(68%)手术成功。结论鼓室成形术是治疗鼓室硬化的有效手术方法,开放式乳突根治+鼓室成形术能有效清除听骨链周围不同范围的硬化灶。     

鼓室硬化的手术疗效观察

目的:观察鼓室硬化手术采用综合技术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析151例(167耳)鼓室硬化(不含单纯鼓膜钙化)患者的临床资料。167耳均清除病灶并按需采用综合技术:①探孔开放上鼓室、乳突腔等;②自体骨片盾板修复,或碎骨填塞乳突腔;③听骨处理分为保持听骨链完整和听骨链重建;④可吸收膜片(透明质酸或聚二氧杂环乙酮)防再粘连;⑤鼓索神经弹压听骨;⑥铒-YAG激光或小凿清除面神经管骨质增生。术后1个月内测听力,出院3个月后复查1次,以后6个月~1年随访1次,以最后1次为随访结果(取0.5、1.0、2.0 kHz HL语频均数)。结果:167耳术前、术后气骨导差(ABG)分别为(39.74±12.54)dB和(20.68±11.80)dB,P<0.01。成功71耳(42.5%),有效48耳(28.7%),总有效率为71.3%(119耳)。167耳随访3~60个月,平均(11.01±10.24)个月,随访的ABG为(20.67±13.52)dB,与术前比较,P<0.01;与术后比较,P>0.05。随访12个月以上者96耳,ABG为(21.94±11.16)dB,与167耳随访结果比较,P>0.05。结论:应用综合技术能促进术后听力改善,并维持远期疗效。三骨全固定仍是治疗难点,对镫骨切除术应慎重对待。     

鼓室硬化手术治疗进展

鼓室硬化系中耳慢性炎症后遗的黏膜或黏骨膜退行性病变,是引起传导性聋的一种常见原因。早期对鼓室硬化是否采用手术治疗存在争议,但近年来随着鼓室成形术的广泛开展,特别是人工听骨赝复物中部分听骨赝复物(partial os-sicular replacement prosthesis,PORP)和全部听骨赝复物(t     

鼓室硬化症手术疗效分析

目的 介绍鼓室硬化症的手术方法,探讨不同手术方法 与疗效的关系.方法 回顾性分析481耳鼓室硬化症患者的临床资料.481耳均按硬化灶部位的不同清除病灶并进行听骨链重建术.出院1～3个月后复查1次,以后6个月～1年随访1次,以最后1次为随访结果 （取0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz语言频率均数）.结果 481耳手术...     

鼓室硬化患者鼓室成形术后听力效果评估

目的 探讨鼓室硬化患者鼓室成形术后的听力康复效果及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2014-2018年于北京大学第三医院行鼓室成形术的69例鼓室硬化患者.采用以下两种分组方法:1)按照病变类型分为2组:单纯型组与胆脂瘤及其他病变组;2)按照病变范围分为2组:镫骨未受累组及镫骨受累组.观察术后纯音听阈(PTA)及骨气导间距(...     

鼓室硬化症病理类型、术式与疗效观察

目的:观察分析鼓室硬化症的病理类型和疗效.方法:对1983至1999年手术的129耳作回顾性分析.129耳中鼓室成形Ⅲ型62耳,病灶剔除加成形Ⅰ型55耳,行镫骨切除术2耳,行镫骨撼动、提高术4耳,面神经骨管骨质增生凿除2耳,4耳砧镫关节嵌合.结果:129耳中有钙化型109耳(85%),骨化型20耳(15%),其中8耳经光镜检查确诊.近期听力增加10dB以上骨化型12耳(60%),钙化型71耳(65%),钙化型近期听力疗效略好,但两型差异无显著性(P>0.05).随访30耳(骨化型10耳,钙化型20耳)3个月～15年,骨化型仅5耳(50%)较术前提高10dB以上,且6耳再次手术;钙化型13耳(65%)保持了术后的疗效,两型远期效果差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:鼓室硬化症两种类型均常累及三听骨,治疗时尽可能保留镫骨,剔除病灶.     

三种类型鼓室成形术疗效分析

目的 探讨三种类型鼓室成形术的临床疗效。方法 Ⅰ型鼓膜修补术:外伤性穿孔,应用贴补法修补穿孔;陈旧性穿孔用内植法修补。Ⅱ型镫骨加高术:镫骨正常,镫骨以外的听骨腐损,在镫骨头上固定骨皮质,使镫骨加高与人工鼓膜相接。Ⅲ型镫骨小柱术:仅剩镫骨底板正常(或无镫骨底板)用骨皮质制成听小柱连接镫骨底板(或前庭窗的脂肪上)和人工鼓膜。结果 Ⅰ型完成597例,成功573例,Ⅱ型完成53例,成功49例。Ⅲ型完成15例,成功14例。手术成功率94.8％。结论 三种类型鼓室成形术临床疗效满意。     

鼓室硬化镫骨固定的手术方法探讨

目的　探讨镫骨固定的鼓室硬化患者的手术治疗方法。方法　2016年2月～2018年2月在南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科住院并完成镫骨手术的45例（45耳）镫骨固定的鼓室硬化患者,根据情况分别采用镫骨撼动术、镫骨底板钻孔活塞术和镫骨切除术3种手术方法治疗,分别比较手术前及手术后3个月、术后2年4个频率（500、1000、2000、4000 Hz）的平均气骨导差。结果　45例患者中,行镫骨撼动术30耳,镫骨底板钻孔活塞术11耳,镫骨切除术4耳,术后3个月手术成功率分别为56.7%、72.7%及50%,术后2年手术成功率分别为16.7%、72.7%及50%。结论　对镫骨固定的鼓室硬化患者,应分期手术,对保留锤骨柄或保留锤骨和砧骨的患者,二期手术应选择镫骨底板钻孔活塞术,对没有保留锤骨柄的患者,二期手术应选择行镫骨切除和全人工钛听骨植入术,镫骨撼动术远期效果差,应尽量少采用。     

鼓室硬化的颞骨HRCT表现与手术对照分析

目的鼓室硬化的颞骨CT表现在不同听骨链病变程度下的特点分析。方法将手术确诊的111例鼓室硬化患者按听骨链的破坏程度分为A、B、C组,分别探讨对应的CT的特异性及非特异性表现。结果非特异表现A与B、C组的出现率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BC组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CT对听骨链中断的漏诊率为51.61%。特异影像表现3组出现率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),鼓膜钙化影平均出现率为59.46%,鼓室鼓窦钙化骨化影平均出现率仅为26.13%。结论鼓室硬化的术前CT表现大部分表现为非特异影像,各项非特异CT表现随听骨链的破坏程度加重出现率增高。特异性CT表现鼓室鼓窦的钙化或骨化影出现率较低,鼓膜钙斑的出现率较高。     

手术治疗鼓室硬化症67耳

为了进一步讨论鼓室硬化症的手术效果，报告对鼓室硬化症６７耳行鼓室成型临床手术成功率为７２．９％，其中Ⅰ型与Ⅱ，Ⅲ型术后听力的改善率无显著差别。     

鼓室硬化症鼓室成型术25例临床分析

目的：总结手术治疗鼓室硬化症的临床经验。方法：回顾性总结2001年11月至2005年2月我科经治的25例鼓室硬化症临床资料。手术均在全麻显微镜下采用剥除硬化灶,修补鼓膜或加听骨链重建行Ⅰ期鼓室成型术。采用颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜,以自体乳突骨皮质或陶瓷人工听骨重建听骨链。结果：病灶侵及鼓膜、鼓岬、砧锤骨、镫骨及周围,均呈板障型乳突,无并发胆脂瘤。听力提高15?dB以上24例（96%）,术后4例有眩晕。结论：尽量清除硬化灶,形成宽大的鼓室,并重建鼓膜和听骨链,手术疗效与病灶影响听骨链程度有关,精确、熟练的耳显微外科技术是成功的关键。     

鼓室硬化症的手术治疗(附136例病例分析)

目的介绍我们对鼓室硬化症的手术方法，分析不同手术治疗方法与效果的关系。方法136例鼓室硬化症病人按Wielinga等的分类方法分成四型：Ⅰ型4l例，Ⅱ型49例，Ⅲ型36例，Ⅳ型10例。鼓膜完整者56例，鼓膜干性穿孔者54例，鼓膜穿孔伴耳流脓者26例。手术前常规进行纯音测听和中耳分析，得出各型不同情况下的气骨导差均值。硬化灶的手术处理分为：（1）对Ⅰ型病例适度剔除鼓膜上的硬化灶；（2）对Ⅱ型病例多数采用单纯剔除硬化灶＋撼动听骨链的方法。少数病人切除砧骨和锤骨头，用人工听骨重建听骨链；（3）Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型病例，一律将砧骨和锤骨头切除，清除上鼓室病灶，采用PORP或TORP重建听骨链。对镫骨底板不活动的病例，采用特氟隆活塞型人工镫骨重建听骨连接；对于镫骨底板不活动而炎症尚未控制者。行二期镫骨小窗手术。结果由于术后流脓以及听骨赝复物脱出等原因，总失败率为10．29％。剔除失败病例后，术后1年的纯音测听结果与术前比较有明显改善：Ⅰ型病例气骨导差平均改善13．75dB，Ⅱ型平均改善22．93dB，Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型平均改善29．14dB，所有病例听力均恢复到实用水平。结论手术处理是治疗鼓室硬化症的主要手段，手术方式则根据病变累及的范围和程度决定。根据我们的资料，对Ⅱ型以上的鼓室硬化症均可采用听骨赝复物重建听骨链，且采用人工听骨赝复的远期效果较好。     

Surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis

Tympanosclerosis as a cause of conductive hearing loss may require corrective surgery in carefully selected cases, although results of treatment have been controversial and must be viewed with caution. Currently available surgical techniques are reviewed and outcomes discussed.     

不同分型鼓室硬化的听力学特点与术后疗效分析

目的 分析不同分型鼓室硬化患者的听力学特点,探讨其手术治疗效果,为术前评估提供参考。方法 回顾性分析135例(135耳)鼓室硬化手术患者,对比手术前后听力学资料。结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ型鼓室硬化患者多表现为传导性耳聋(分别为71.4%、68.8%),Ⅳ型鼓室硬化患者中混合性耳聋出现的比例更高(66.7%)。各型鼓室硬化的听力曲线以平坦型为主。卡哈切迹出现率为13.3%(18/135),Ⅳ型鼓室硬化患者中38.9%患者听力图出现了卡哈切迹。各型鼓室硬化患者(除Ⅲ型鼓室硬化外)术后气骨导差(ABG)和气导平均听阈(PTA)均较术前降低。Ⅰ型鼓室硬化的手术成功率最高(79.0%),Ⅳ型鼓室硬化的手术成功率最低(63.9%)。结论 各型鼓室硬化患者听力图多呈现平坦型曲线,混合性耳聋最多见于Ⅳ型鼓室硬化,卡哈切迹的出现可提示镫骨的固定。手术清除鼓室内硬化灶是主要的治疗方式,Ⅰ型鼓室硬化术后成功率最高,Ⅳ型鼓室硬化最低。     

Hearing results of surgery for tympanosclerosis

Between January 1990 and December 2003, 117 patients were surgically treated for tympanosclerosis at a tertiary referral center. The objective of our study was to review the hearing results in this cohort. The patients were divided into three groups: predominant involvement of tympanic membrane (33 cases), predominant fixation of malleus or/and incus (72 cases), and stapedial fixation (12 cases). Preoperative and postoperative air–bone gap (ABG), and pure tone average (PTA) were compared after short-term and long-term follow-up, and statistical significance was determined. After surgery, air–bone gap was improved by 11.7 dB after short-term, and by 10.9 dB after long-term observation period. The improvement of ABG was not significantly different between the groups. Pure tone average (PTA) was improved by 15.2 dB in short-term period, with decrease of results in the long-term follow-up to 10.3 dB. Successful hearing result as judged by ABG was obtained in 66.7% with affected tympanic membrane, in 65.3% with malleus or/and incus fixation, and in 50.0% with stapedial fixation. Statistical analysis confirmed significant improvement of hearing for all groups. Highly significant difference was noted for low frequency ABG (0.5, 1, and 2 kHz). Hearing improvement on ABG was preserved after long-term observation. No significant sensorineural hearing loss was seen in this series. Surgery for tympanosclerosis results in significant improvement of ABG and PTA. Most of the improvement is obtained in lower frequencies. Long-term results are comparable to short-term results, with slight hearing deterioration in stapedial fixation.     

Evaluation of the polymorphism in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes of tympanosclerosis patients

Objective

Although eardrum perforations which endure etiopathogenesis for a long-time and middle ear infections are proposed for causing the tympanosclerosis (TS), tympanosclerosis emerges in some chronic otitis media (COM), some of them do not appear although a continuing COM and enduring perforation last. In this study, the effect of the molecular reasons which display genetic differences in TS formation is evaluated; our aim is to determine the Asp299Gly polymorphism frequencies in the TLR4 gene of patients with TS who have COM, and patients who do not.

Materials and methods

Patients who have undergone COM surgery, were divided into two groups of 50 persons who were selected in accordance with the fact, whether they had TS in their middle ear cavity or not during operation. 100 healthy persons who had similar demographic data, were evaluated as the control group. The DNA isolation was executed by using standard methods with peripheric blood specimen of the diseased group and control group. The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method was used in determining the Asp299Gly allel in the TLR4 gene. Items of 249 bc for the wild tip (Asp) post-restriction enzyme segment wild tip (Asp) allel, and 23 bc and 196 bc post-restriction enzyme segment polymorphic allel (Gly) were obtained.

Results

TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism (10%) was asserted in a total of five specimens in the diseased group with TS. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was found positive in only one (2%) of the 50 phenomenons in the group without TS. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was found positive in six (6%) of the 100 phenomenons in the control group. The positive polymorphism in phenomenons with TS was significant in accordance with statistics, when compared with the group without TS (p < 0.05). However, although the polymorphism rates were higher than the rates of the control group, it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

TS may not appear in many patients who had undergone middle ear infection, and had perforation for many years. The polymorphism in arteriosclerosis in the TLR4 gene which caused the inflammatory cytokines oscillation recognize the bacterial LPS, was also accused. It is engrossing to find out from the results of our study on a restricted number of patients, and on only one gene, that molecular reasons which display genetic differences can also be effective in forming TS. Serial researches of greater dimensions are required.     

Current considerations in the etiology and diagnosis of tympanosclerosis

Current concepts of formation of tympanosclerosis in the middle ear are reviewed, as are various clinical considerations. Ultrastructural changes are discussed. A differential diagnosis includes disorders affecting middle ear sound conduction, with the most prevalent involving otosclerosis and cholesteatoma.