天津市婴幼儿维生素D水平及维生素D补充剂应用现状调查北大核心CSCD

目的对天津市3030例婴幼儿维生素D水平及维生素D补充剂应用状况进行调查,了解本地区婴幼儿维生素D营养状况以及维生素D补充剂应用过程中存在的问题。方法对所有研究对象采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清25羟维生素D[25（OH）D]水平,将研究对象按年龄分为≤6个月、〉6～12个月、〉12—24个月、〉24—36个月4组,分析比较不同年龄／季节婴幼儿维生素D平均水平的差异。从中选取341例进行家长问卷调查,并测定其血红蛋白（Hb）和血清骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）水平,比较不同喂养方式、孕周、出生体质量、Hb、BALP与维生素D水平的关系。结果婴幼儿25（OH）D平均水平为（60．24-26．2）nmol／L（12．9—286．0nmol／L）,缺乏率约为36．6％（1109／3030例）。〉24～36个月组维生素D水平为（47．22±21．93）nmol／L,明显低于其他各年龄组,差异有统计学意义（F=50．006,P〈0．01）,秋季维生素D水平为（62．00±27．42）nmol／L,明显高于其他季节,差异有统计学意义（F=2．750,P〈0．05）,早产儿25（OH）D水平为（50．21±18．27）nmol／L,显著低于足月儿,差异有统计学意义（F=12．355,P〈0．01）。维生素D补充剂的应用率为97．1％（331／341例）。结论天津地区婴幼儿维生素D补充剂的应用率虽然很高,但仍存在一定比例维生素D缺乏,这与补充过程中的依从性较差有关,因此加强宣教,提高家长的认知和认同,有效建立孕期及出生后各年龄段维生素D补充剂应用状况及维生素D水平的监测机制,可以考虑纳入现有妇幼保健建设体系中。     

大剂量维生素D二次投药法防治佝偻病效果观察

我们于1981～1986年对黑河地区(婴幼儿在室内活动时间长达8个月)2871例0～3岁应用大剂量维生素D二次投药,防治佝偻病疗效较满意,现报告如下。方法和结果一、方法出生后14天首次投药,给维生素D10万u,口服或肌注。以后每年对0～3岁婴幼儿,     

会宁地区437名婴幼儿喂养方式调查

目的：该研究通过调查经济不发达的会宁地区婴幼儿早期喂养方式,明确相关影响因素,以便为有针对性干预提供基础资料。方法：参考地域、经济因素,采用分层整群抽样法以会宁地区7个乡镇的437名婴幼儿为调查对象,通过抚养人利用统一调查表记录儿童出生24个月内母乳喂养及辅食添加情况,同时用膳食频率法收集调查对象上一年的营养素补充剂的摄入情况。结果：调查对象出生6个月内基本纯母乳喂养率、混合喂养率、人工喂养率分别为45.3%,40.5%和14.2%。最为突出的问题是辅食添加不合理,主要表现为添加不及时。配方奶粉添加最早,平均添加时间为6.4个月,畜禽肉类添加最迟,平均添加时间为17.2个月。谷类、蔬菜水果类和蛋类添加较多,而鱼虾等水产品添加较少。营养素补充剂应用尚不普遍,在选用营养素补充剂时,城镇抚养人主要是根据医生的建议,农村抚养人主要根据家人的经验,且受电视、广告等媒体的影响较大。结论：会宁地区婴幼儿早期喂养方式存在较多不合理之处。应通过营养教育,提高婴幼儿抚养人的营养知识水平,以改善不合理的喂养方式。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（6）：460-463］     

中国20个城市2～<7岁儿童血清维生素A和维生素D水平现况调查

目的调查我国20个城市2～<7岁儿童血清维生素A和维生素D水平。方法横断面研究, 2018年9月至2019年9月在中国20个城市中共招募2 924名2～<7岁健康儿童, 按年龄分为2～<3岁、3～<5岁和5～<7岁组。对入组儿童进行人口经济学特征及相关健康知识问卷调查, 测定儿童体重和身高, 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测儿童血清维生素A、D水平。采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析维生素A、D缺乏和不足的影响因素。结果 2 924名儿童年龄4.33(3.42, 5.17)岁, 男1 726名(59.03%)、女1 198名(40.97%)。总体儿童维生素A、D缺乏率分别为2.19%(64/2 924)和3.52%(103/2 924), 不足率分别为29.27%(856/2 924)和22.20%(649/2 924)。10.50%(307/2 924)的儿童维生素A、D均不充足。3～<5岁和5～<7岁组儿童维生素A(χ2=7.91、8.06, 均P=0.005)、维生素D(χ2=71.35、115.10, 均P<0.001)...     

婴幼儿反复喘息与血清维生素 D水平相关性研究

目的：探讨婴幼儿反复喘息与血清25-羟维生素D水平之间的相关性,并探讨婴幼儿反复喘息的相关危险因素。方法收集2012年10月至2013年3月在我院哮喘门诊就诊的反复喘息婴幼儿（6～36个月）61例为研究对象;另随机选取同期保健门诊健康婴幼儿（6～36个月）97例为对照组。采用化学发光免疫法测定各组儿童血清25羟-维生素 D的水平,完成病史采集、查体和实验室检查。结果反复喘息组患儿血清25-羟维生素D平均水平（14.38±4.35）μg/L,低于对照组血清25-羟维生素D平均水平（24.07±11.05）μg/L（F＝33.39,P＜0.001）;反复喘息组血清25-羟维生素D≤20μg/L的发生率90％,而对照组11％,前者明显高于后者（ P＜0.001）;多因素回归分析显示特应性过敏体质、吸烟接触史和血清25-羟维生素D≤20μg/L是婴幼儿反复喘息的危险因素（ OR＝9.89,95％CI 3.15～23.11）。结论婴幼儿反复喘息与血清低水平的25-羟维生素D相关。     

营养性疾病

8851233 重庆市484例小儿缺铁状况调查/雷培芸…/重庆医药.—1988,17(3).—48～49 作者对484例2月～7岁小儿进行缺铁情况的调查。血清铁蛋白(SF)用放射免疫(双抗     

婴儿重症肺炎合并喉痉挛八例临床分析

目的 分析重症肺炎合并维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症患儿喉痉挛发作的原因.方法 对2005年1月～2007年3月收治的8例病例进行分析.结果 8例患儿中,男5例,女3例;年龄2.5～6个月;早产儿3例,足月儿5例;冬季出生7例,秋末出生1例,均未补过维生素D及钙剂;6例母孕期有腓肠肌痉挛史.8例均无误吸、声嘶及犬吠样咳嗽史.8例均在冬末春初患重症肺炎时出现喉痉挛.结论 在北方冬季或秋末出生婴儿易患维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症,合并重症肺炎时易出现喉痉挛发作,所以对冬季或秋末出生婴儿应及时给予维生素D预防口服,人工喂养儿应同时口服钙剂.     

营养性疾病

901621 婴幼儿营养不良的病因及预防探讨/刘克勤∥陕西医学杂志。-1990,19(6)。-28～29 58例中,男31例,女27例。年龄50天～3岁。Ⅰ°营养不良14例,Ⅱ°33例,Ⅲ°11例。病因:①喂养不当:1岁以前工人喂养和混合喂养共45例,占77.6％。人工喂养大部分稀释时加水过多,个别应用淀粉类喂养,不能满足小     

山东省8市5岁以下小儿单纯性肥胖症趋势分析

目的 探讨山东省8市5岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖症的流行趋势.方法 2004年9月山东省立医院采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对山东省8市9590名5岁以下儿童进行身高、体重测量,并进行家庭喂养情况问卷调查.结果 山东省5岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖症的发生率为9.1%,农村儿童为8.2%,城市儿童为10.1%,两者差异具有统计学意义.山东省5岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖症发生率有随年龄增高而逐渐降低的趋势,趋势x2检验具有统计学意义.具有贡献的影响因子有儿童出生体重、按时和(或)按需喂奶、人工喂养以及米饭、鱼类及碎菜的食用频率.结论 山东省5岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖症的发生率明显升高,有随年龄增长而降低的趋势.     

血清25羟-维生素D3水平与儿童肥胖之间的关系

目的 探讨儿童血清25羟-维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]水平与体质量、肥胖程度、体质量指数(BMI)、血脂的关系,以及他们在肥胖儿童中可能的发生机制.方法 以2011年7月至2013年2月在无锡市妇幼保健院儿童营养门诊就诊的儿童为研究对象,共244例.调查所有受试者每日服用维生素D情况,测量身高、体质量、BMI及25-(OH)D3水平和微量元素,其中38例3岁以上肥胖儿童测定脂代谢水平.结果 1.肥胖儿童的血清25-(OH)D3水平为(68.31 ±23.06) nmol/L,其中36个月龄以上组肥胖儿童最低,为(55.03±15.18) nmol/L.2.肥胖组和超重组儿童血清25-(OH) D3水平远低于正常体质量组儿童水平(F=4.739,P＜0.05).3.重度肥胖儿童25-(OH) D3水平显著低于轻、中度肥胖儿童(F=9.711,P＜0.05).4.儿童体质量、身高/体质量百分比及BMI与25-(OH) D3水平呈负相关(r=-0.365、-0.237、-0.175,P均＜0.001).5.3岁以上肥胖儿童体质量、三酰甘油水平与25-(OH) D3均呈负相关(r=-0.476、-0.324,P均＜0.05).结论 血清25-(OH)D3水平降低与肥胖有关.其原因可能是肥胖者脂肪组织增多,维生素D滞留在脂肪细胞中,导致血清维生素D水平减低.肥胖儿童体内维生素D的消耗高于正常儿童,需要补充更多的维生素D才能达到正常25-(OH)D3水平.     

Diet, clothing, sunshine exposure and micronutrient status of Arab infants and young children

Vitamin C and D levels in Arab women and their newborn infants have been shown to be low. We investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for possible hypovitaminosis C and D in a convenience sample of 51 hospitalized children without clinical features of vitamin C or D deficiency. The mean age was 15.4 months. The serum vitamin C concentration was low in the mothers but normal in the children. Both mothers and children had low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations. Fifty per cent of the mothers and 22% of the infants and children had hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-OHD level < 25 nmol/l). Infants who received dietary vitamin D supplementation had a higher mean (SD) serum 25-OHD concentration than the unsupplemented group (62.5 (29.8) vs 38.5 (27.3), p = 001). Cutaneous light exposure in these children was poor. The children's serum 25-OHD concentration correlated with dietary vitamin D supplementation and maternal serum 25-OHD levels. The results suggest normal vitamin C status but a possible high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Arab children and their mothers in UAE. Health education to encourage greater sunshine exposure and improvement in maternal vitamin D stores and the availability of adequate vitamin D supplements would improve children's vitamin D status. The study indicates that hypovitaminosis D continues to be an important maternal and child health problem, despite the abundant sunshine.     

Vitamin D status and predictors of hypovitaminosis D in Italian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Hypovitaminosis D affects children and adolescents all around the world. Italian data on vitamin D status and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D during pediatric age are lacking. Six hundred fifty-two children and adolescents (range 2.0–21.0 years) living in the northwestern area of Tuscany were recruited at the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Pisa. None of them had received vitamin D supplementation in the previous 12 months. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were analyzed in all subjects. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum levels of 25-OH-D?<?25.0 nmol/L (10.0 ng/mL) and vitamin D deficiency as?<?50.0 nmol/L (20.0 ng/mL). Serum 25-OH-D levels of 50.0–74.9 nmol/L (20.0–29.9 ng/mL) indicated vitamin D insufficiency, whereas 25-OH-D levels?≥?75.0 nmol/L (30.0 ng/mL) were considered sufficient. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as 25-OH-D levels?<?75.0 nmol/L (30.0 ng/mL). The median serum 25-OH-D level was 51.8 nmol/L, range 6.7–174.7 (20.7 ng/mL, range 2.7–70.0), with a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency of 45.9, 33.6, and 20.5 %, respectively. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 9.5 %. Adolescents had lower median 25-OH-D levels (49.8 nmol/L, range 8.1–174.7; 20.0 ng/mL, range 3.2–70.0) than children (55.6 nmol/L, range 6.8–154.6; 22.3 ng/mL, range 2.7–61.9, p?=?0.006). Non-white individuals (n?=?37) had median serum 25-OH-D levels in the range of deficiency (28.2 nmol/L, range 8.1–86.2; 11.3 ng/mL, range 3.2–34.5), with 36/37 having hypovitaminosis D. Logistic regression showed significant increased risk of hypovitaminosis D in the following: blood samples taken in winter (odds ratio (OR) 27.20), spring (OR 26.44), and fall (OR 8.27) compared to summer; overweight (OR 5.02) and obese (OR 5.36) subjects compared to individuals with normal BMI; low sun exposure (OR 8.64) compared to good exposure, and regular use of sunscreens (OR 7.06) compared to non-regular use. Gender and place of residence were not associated with vitamin D status. The 25-OH-D levels were inversely related to the PTH levels (r?=??0.395, p?<?0.0001). Sixty-three out of the 652 (9.7 %) subjects showed secondary hyperparathyroidism. Conclusion Italian children and adolescents who were not receiving vitamin D supplementation had high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D. Careful identification of factors affecting vitamin D status is advisable to promptly start vitamin D supplementation in children and adolescents.     

Vitamin D supplementation and diabetes-related autoimmunity in the ABIS study

Supplementation with vitamin D during infancy, as well as intake of vitamin D during pregnancy, has been associated with decreased risk of type 1 diabetes or diabetes-related autoantibodies in children. The primary aim of this report was to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation during infancy is associated with diabetes-related autoimmunity at 1 and 2.5 yr in the children. Second, we examined whether consumption of vitamin-D-containing supplements during pregnancy is related to risk of autoimmunity in the offspring. Screening questionnaires were completed for 16,070 infants after delivery, including a food-frequency questionnaire regarding the mother's use of dietary supplements during pregnancy. Parents of 11,081 and 8805 infants completed a follow-up questionnaire regarding the use of vitamin supplementation at 1 and 2.5 yr, respectively. Autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 (IA-2) were analyzed in whole blood from 8694 children at 1 yr and 7766 children at 2.5 yr. Supplementation with AD-drops was not associated with autoantibodies at 1 or 2.5 yr. Use of vitamin-D-containing supplements during pregnancy was associated with reduced diabetes-related autoimmunity at 1 yr (adjusted odds ratio: 0.707, confidence interval: 0.520-0.962, p = 0.028) but not at 2.5 yr. In conclusion, no association was found between an intermediate dose of vitamin D supplementation during infancy and development of diabetes-related autoantibodies at 1 and 2.5 yr. Use of vitamin-D-containing supplements during pregnancy was associated with reduced development of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies or IA-2A in the offspring at 1 yr, but not at 2.5 yr.     

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency after pediatric liver transplantation

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are increasingly recognized in the general population, including healthy children. There is also an increasing emphasis on the importance of vitamin D status following pediatric liver transplantation and specifically its relationship to metabolic bone disease and growth retardation. Vitamin D insufficiency has also been associated with multiple immunological and metabolic disorders in adults. To our knowledge, this has not been systematically evaluated in children undergoing liver transplantation to date. Between October 2004 and August 2008, serum 25‐(OH)‐vitamin D levels were measured in 199 children who had undergone liver transplantation at Birmingham Children's Hospital. Potential factors contributing to vitamin D levels were evaluated. Additionally, we evaluated a possible relationship between vitamin D levels and immunological phenomena and metabolic complications. Median 25‐(OH)‐vitamin D level was 19.5 ng/mL (range: 4.4–71.4 ng/mL). A total of 105 children (53%) had insufficient vitamin D levels and 28 children (14%) showed vitamin D deficiency. The only factors found to be associated with vitamin D deficiency were season of sample, ethnicity, and PTH levels. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent during the first year after transplantation. We did not find a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and graft function or any other immunological and metabolic complications. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are common in children after liver transplantation, especially in winter and spring and in non‐white patients. Initial post‐transplant period and high PTH are significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D status should be monitored following pediatric liver transplantation and vitamin D supplementation provided as required.     

Vitamin D levels in children of asylum seekers in The Netherlands in relation to season and dietary intake

Low dietary intake and limited sun exposure during Dutch winters, in particular when combined with highly pigmented skin, could compromise the vitamin D status of asylum seekers’ children in The Netherlands. We determined the vitamin D status of children living in The Netherlands, but originating from Africa, Central Asia, or Eastern Europe. In a subgroup, we reassessed the vitamin D status after the summer, during which the children had been assigned at random to remain unsupplemented or to receive vitamin D supplementation. In total 112 children (median age 7.1 yr, range 2–12 yr) were assessed for serum concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hypovitaminosis D were defined as 25(OH)D below 30 or 50 nmol/L, respectively. Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium was estimated using a 24 h recall interview. In mid-spring, 13% of the children had VDD, and 42% had hypovitaminosis D. I-PTH and ALP levels were significantly higher in children with VDD. The dietary intake of vitamin D was below 80% of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) in 94% of the children, but the dietary calcium intake was not significantly related to the s-25(OH)D levels found. After the summer, median s-25(OH)D increased with +35 nmol/L (+85%) and +19 nmol/L (+42%) in children with or without supplementation, respectively. The effect of supplementation was most prominent among African children. VDD and hypovitaminosis D are highly prevalent in mid-spring among asylum seekers’ children in The Netherlands. Although 25(OH)D levels increase in African children during Dutch summer months, this does not completely correct the compromised vitamin D status. Our data indicate that children from African origin would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.     

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with metabolic syndrome: a triple-masked controlled trial

Objectivethis triple-masked controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents.Methodsthe study comprised 50 participants, aged 10 to16 years, who were randomly assigned into two groups of equal number. In this 12-week trial, one group received oral vitamin D (300,000 IU) and the other group received placebo. Cardiometabolic risk factors, insulin resistance, and a continuous value of metabolic syndrome (cMetS) were determined. Statistical analysis was conducted after adjustment for covariate interactions.Resultsoverall, 21 patients in the vitamin D group and 22 in the placebo group completed the trial. No significant difference was observed in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. After the trial, in the vitamin D group, serum insulin and triglyceride concentrations, as well as HOM -IR and C-MetS decreased significantly, both when compared with the baseline and with the placebo group. No significant difference was observed when comparing total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure.Conclusionthe present findings support the favorable effects of vitamin D supplementation on reducing insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children.     

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with vitamin D status in newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with serious sequelae in childhood cancer survivors. However, data on vitamin D deficiency in children with newly diagnosed cancer are scarce and the role of sociodemographic factors and vitamin D supplementation is largely unknown. We assessed vitamin D status and its socio-demographic and clinical correlates in 163 children with newly diagnosed cancer, using 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and assessed longitudinal changes following vitamin D supplementation. Sixty-five percent of the patients with newly diagnosed cancer had low 25(OH)D concentrations. Fifty-two patients (32%) were vitamin D deficient (≤20?ng/mL 25(OH)D concentration), and 53(33%) were insufficient (21-29?ng/mL 25(OH)D concentration). Age over 10 (P?=?0.019), Hispanic ethnicity (P?=?0.002), and female sex (P?=?0.008) were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration at diagnosis. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in significant increase in 25(OH)D concentrations (P?<?0.001). However, following supplementation in the longitudinal analysis, this increase was less pronounced in Hispanic patients vs. non-Hispanic (P?=?0.007), and in children with solid tumors vs. hematological malignancies (P?=?0.003). Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in children with newly diagnosed cancer. Hispanic patients, females and older children were at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Although supplementation appeared to increase 25(OH)D concentrations over time, this increase was not as pronounced in certain subsets of patients. Prospective trials of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in children with newly diagnosed cancer are warranted, particularly in Hispanics and patients with solid tumors.     

Evaluation and management of bone health in children with epilepsy on long-term antiepileptic drugs: United Kingdom survey of paediatric neurologists

Background and objective

Current evidence indicates long-term use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with impaired childhood bone health. The objective of this study was to ascertain the current clinical practice of paediatric neurologists managing children with epilepsy on long-term (>2 years) AED therapy, particularly against the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) current recommendation of vitamin D supplementation in patients on long-term AEDs at-risk of impaired bone health.

Methods

An internet-based survey of UK paediatric neurologists who routinely see children with epilepsy (n = 95) covered clinicians’ epilepsy case-load and reflection on their current clinical practice with estimation of the frequency with which they considered various bone health issues. Responses were graded as ‘frequent’(≥50%), ‘sometimes’(25%–50%) and ‘infrequent’(<25%).

Results

Overall response rate was 72/95 (76%). 3% frequently recommend prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation, 6% frequently perform bone screening investigations, 7% frequently give bone health advice and 10% frequently enquire about skeletal risk factors. Clinical practices were not associated with epilepsy caseload (p-values 0.44–1).84% infrequently performed bone health screening investigations. 54% of respondents indicated that, if performed, 100% would undertake bone profile, 64% 25(OH) Vitamin D, 18% PTH, 49% dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and 13% bone X-ray.

Conclusions

The majority of paediatric neurologists do not routinely consider bone health related issues in children on long-term AEDs. Greater emphasis should be placed on vitamin D supplementation in these children.     

Deficiency rickets: the current situation in France and Algeria

Persisting vitamin D deficiency rickets in France results from the climatic, environmental and geographic situation of this country. Although systematic administration of vitamin D supplements to infants greatly reduced the prevalence of rickets among infants, clinical and/or biological signs of vitamin D deficiency are still found in children and adolescents, mainly during the winter and in populations vulnerable for economic, cultural or religious reasons. Signs of vitamin D deficiency are also found, during the winter-spring seasons, in pregnant women and their newborns living in urban areas. Such vitamin D deficiencies could be overcome by vitamin D supplementation to susceptible populations. In Algeria, vitamin D deficiency rickets present a continuing public health problem. The persisting high incidence of rickets among children appears to result mainly from economic and cultural factors. Vitamin D supplementation and health education are mandatory to reduce the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants, whether breast-fed or not.     

Statut calcique et vitaminique D des enfants d''âge préscolaire. À propos d''une enquête pratiquée en région rouennaise

Few data are available regarding calcium and vitamin D intake in toddlers, despite a remaining high growth velocity. Therefore, a study was carried out in the Rouen geographical area where the sunshine is limited. It appears that a great majority of the children studied (9/10) received plain milk, and subsequently only small quantities of vitamin D or calcium enriched milk. Nevertheless, 12% of primarily 4 to 6 year-old children do not received daily minimum requirements, and 6% of them had vitamin D insufficiency, which was demonstrated by 25OHD plasma concentrations. These concentrations declined from 18 months to 6 years old were related to discontinuation in vitamin D supplements. A great variability was observed in vitamin D supplementation as no official recommendations were followed. Modalities of this supplementation should be reconsidered.