改良双J管置人技术在小儿腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes术中的应用

目的 探讨“输尿管拖出双J管置入”技术,在小儿腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes术中的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2015年7月至2016年3月采用“输尿管拖出双J管置入”行腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes术38例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)患儿的临床资料.其中,男25例,女13例;年龄2～12岁,平均5.2岁;左侧26例,右侧12例.在解剖出肾盂输尿管连接部及上段输尿管后,自狭窄段下方离断输尿管,撤去气腹并拔出下腹部Trocar,将输尿管远端自下腹部戳孔处提出皮肤外,后壁剖开,顺行插入双J管进入膀胱,于剪开的输尿管最低点缝5-0 Vicryl.重新建立气腹后,于腹腔内直视下将输尿管及带针线自戳孔重新置入腹腔.接着按常规方法行腹腔镜肾盂输尿管吻合.结果 38例手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术病例.手术时间78～230 min,平均106 min;双J管置入时间3～8 min,平均5 min.双J管均正确放置,未出现移位.未观察到与“输尿管拖出双J管置入”技术相关的术中或术后并发症.术后住院5～7 d.所有患儿于术后4～6周膀胱镜下拔除双J管.结论 在小儿腹腔镜Anderson-Hynes术中,“输尿管拖出双J管置人”是一个易学、安全、可靠的技术.它解决了双J管置入困难及逆行置管需术中更换体位的问题,并为肾盂输尿管吻合关键的第一针提供了极大便利.     

经结肠旁入路腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes肾盂输尿管成形术

目的 探讨经腹腔结肠旁腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes肾盂输尿管成形术的技巧、安全性及适应证.方法 2006年3月至2008年6月在我院采取经结肠系膜入路行Anderson-Hynes肾盂成形术32例,其中男18例,女14例.年龄8个月～16岁,平均年龄5.5岁.左侧17例,右侧11例,双侧4例,共36侧.肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄24侧,狭窄伴肾结石6侧(其中多发结石3例),输尿管息肉6侧.右侧经结肠肝曲对系膜缘,左侧经结肠系膜侧行Anderson-Hynes肾盂输尿管成形术,术后B超或IVU随访.结果 30例顺利完成手术,学习期间中转开放2例(5.9%).手术时间53～158 min,单侧平均82 min,双侧平均时间107 min.术中失血15～40 ml.术后双"J"管堵塞2例(6.3%).1例多发结石术中残留结石1枚,在拔出双"J"管后.自行排出.术后随访6～26个月,无肾积水临床症状,影像学无梗阻及结石复发.结论 经腹腔结肠旁人路腹腔镜下Anderson-Hynes肾盂输尿管成形术是一种安全、有效、微创的手术,而且容易学习,可以作为肾盂输尿管成形术首选术式.但是,在学习阶段.巨大肾积水、肾盂多发结石不宜首选该术式.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用及研究进展

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻是尿路梗阻中最常见的先天性畸形, 常常导致小儿肾积水。近年来, 达芬奇机器人手术系统的运用逐步成为热点, 具有操作灵活、手术精准度高等优势, 保证了手术的安全性、准确性以及疗效, 从而在小儿泌尿外科中的应用日渐广泛。本文就运用机器人辅助腹腔镜治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用及研究进展进行综述。     

Outcome analysis of pyeloplasty in infants

 The study examined the outcome of pyeloplasties done for decompensated ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in infancy over a 13-year period. In a retrospective study, 186 children who underwent pyeloplasty in infancy were analysed with particular emphasis on the pre- and postoperative findings of ¹²³I hippuran scintigraphy/diuretic renograms. The pre- and postoperative management is outlined in detail. The 186 patients underwent a total of 203 pyeloplasties during the period from January 1983 to 31 December 1996. Three children died; one required a nephrectomy. The postoperative scintigrapic results of 156 children (85%) done about 12 months after surgery were available for evaluation: 101 (64%) showed stable renal function and 43 (27%) revealed more than 5% improvement of renal function. In 12 cases (7%) renal function deteriorated after pyeloplasty by more than 5% compared to the pre-operative scintigram. It is concluded that pyeloplasty in infants is a low-risk procedure. The encouraging results of this series support early correction of UPJ obstruction. Accepted: 12 July 1999     

后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的学习曲线

目的 评估不同阶段后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(PUJO)的手术效果,探讨其学习曲线.方法 分析2002年6月至2009年6月期间我院收治的96例接受后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗PUJO患儿的资料,根据手术先后次序分为4组(A、B、C和D组),每组24例.比较各组的手术时间、中转开放比例、术后负压引流管留置时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症等.结果 手术时间,A组(255.6±39.8)min明显长于其余三组(P＜0.01),B、C两组间无显著差异;术后住院天数及负压引流时间,在均值上B组的(6.7±3.8)d和(5.3±3.7)d、C组的(6.O±3.4)d和(4.7±2.4)d、D组的(6.8±3.8)d和(6.4±3.9)d较A组(9.3±7.2)d和(7.7±7.8)d缩短;中转开放比例呈逐渐下降(6/24、3/24、2/24、0/24).术后尿路感染发生率各组间差别不明显(5/24、5/24、3/24、4/24).结论 开展24例后,小儿后腹腔镜肾盂成形术的手术时间明显缩短,术后住院天数、负压保留天数缩短,中转开放比例降低,进入一个相对的平台期,其学习曲线在20～30例之间.     

Contemporary national comparison of open,laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic pediatric pyeloplasty

ObjectiveWe sought to determine current and longitudinal trends in the usage of open (OP), laparoscopic (LP), and robotic pyeloplasties. (RALP) Furthermore, we aimed to describe patient and hospital level characteristics associated with the use of minimally invasive pyeloplasties (MIP) and to compare basic utilization metrics for each approach.Materials/methodsThe 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 Kid's Inpatient Databases (KID) were used to determine current and longitudinal trends. As a result of a specific billing code for robotic surgery introduced in 2008, the 2009 KID database was used for analysis of RALP. Patient and hospital characteristics examined included: age, gender, race, insurance status, hospital location, and academic status. Utilization metrics of length of stay (LOS) and cost were determined from each modality.ResultsIn 2009, there were 3354 pediatric pyeloplasties performed in the USA (85% OP, 3% LP, 12% RP). Compared with 2000, this represents an 11.7% decrease in the overall number of pyeloplasties but a progressive increase in MIP from 0.34% in 2000 to 11.7%. Mean patient age was 3.7 years for OP, 9.3 years for LP and 9.9 years for RALP. MIP was more commonly performed in females, Caucasians, patients with private insurance, at urban hospitals and at teaching hospitals. Although length of stay (LOS) in days was statistically lower for MIP (3.46 OP, 2.86 LP, 1.96 RP, p < 0.001), total cost between the groups was not statistically different. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.17, p < 0.001) increased the odds of MIP whereas lack of private insurance decreased the odds of MIP (OR 0.62, p = 0.002).ConclusionAlthough utilization of MIP is increasing in the USA, especially in older children, OP remains predominant. MIP was associated with a decrease in LOS. The odds of MIP were higher in older children, whereas the lack of private insurance decreased the odds of MIP.