经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗婴幼儿输尿管结石

目的 探讨经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗婴幼儿输尿管结石的可行性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年12月至2010年10月36例41侧婴幼儿输尿管结石采用经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗的临床资料.结果 36例41侧输尿管结石,其中32侧一次入镜碎石成功;8侧采用导丝、输尿管导管、双J管扩张后碎石成功;1侧改经皮肾穿刺钬激光碎石术.所有病例术后均留置双J管1～4周,拔管后2周内复查B超或KUB结石全部排尽,清石率97.6％.7侧合并有输尿管息肉者,息肉切除.发生输尿管口撕裂1例,黏膜下假道2例,留置双J管4周,无输尿管反流和狭窄并发症.1例出现术后发热,经抗感染后体温正常.所有病例术后随访3～24个月未见输尿管狭窄和结石复发.结论 选择合适的输尿管镜,熟炼掌握操作技术,采用经输尿管肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗婴幼儿输尿管结石安全有效.     

Experience with ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in children

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (UHLL) in children, taking into consideration different stone locations. Records of 15 children with ureteral calculi managed with UHLL were reviewed. All patients were evaluated with history, clinical, radiological and laboratory assessment prior to treatment. All patients were managed on an outpatient basis. After stone disintegration, if sizable fragments remained, they were retrieved using grasping forceps or stone basket extraction. Patient records were reviewed for age, sex, stone laterality, location, number and size, need for ureteral dilation, stenting and residual fragment extraction. Of the 15 children, 11 were female and 4 were male. Mean age was 8.5 years (age range 2–15 years). There was no significant difference in stone laterality (eight left and seven right ureteral stones). Main presenting symptoms were renal colic, hematuria and urinary tract infection or a combination of these symptoms. The 15 children harbored 15 ureteral stones (range 5–11 mm, mean 7.8 mm) and underwent 15 UHLL procedures. Ureteral dilation was performed in 14 patients using balloon dilators. Stone retrieval was done in all patients. DJ stents were placed at the conclusion of the procedure in 11 patients. Complete stone clearance was achieved at the end of the procedure in all patients (success rate 100%). No complications were encountered during or after the procedure. This study confirms the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopy and holmium laser in the treatment of ureteral stones in children regardless of stone location.     

小儿输尿管结石的输尿管镜和ESWL治疗

目的 报告小儿输尿管结石URS和ESWL治疗经验，探讨微创治疗的效果和策略。方法 复习了1988～2003年间65例小儿输尿管结石的治疗和结果，其中22例患儿应用ESWL治疗；43例输昧管中、下段结石和5例上段嵌顿结石FSWL失败者进行了输尿管镜治疗，用APL弹道碎石机或钬激光击碎结石并取出，7例联合ESWL；1例接受了开放手术．结果 22例输尿管上段结石经过29次ESWL治疗，随访3个月，结石完全排空16例，完全排空率为72．7%。43例输尿管中、下段结石和5例上段嵌顿结石ESWI．失败者进行了48次输尿管镜治疗，47次进镜治疗成功。30例下段结石URS治疗均成功；13例中段结石，10例URS取石成功。3例中段结石和4例上段结石联合ESWL碎石均成功，45例术后停留引流管1～4周，随访3个月，结石清除率为979％。1例上段结石入镜失败改行开放手术取石。结论 ESWL仍是输尿管上段结石的首选治疗方法；对输尿管中、下段结石特别是下段结石应用小直径输尿管镜则是安全有效的方法；部分中、上段结石采用URS联合ESWL效果可能更好。     

小儿胃石症的胃镜下钬激光碎石治疗

目的寻求小儿胃石症的有效治疗手段。方法采用钬激光对１２例胃石症患儿进行了胃镜下激光碎石治疗。结果胃石最大者为１２ｃｍ、最小者为２ｃｍ，经１～２次激光碎石治疗，全部患儿均获得治愈，未发生任何术中及术后并发症。结论胃镜下钬激光碎石术是目前治疗小儿胃石症的一种安全、有效的理想技术。     

气压弹道碎石术治疗小儿输尿管中下段结石的体会

目的 探讨气压弹道碎石术治疗小儿输尿管中下段结石的临床效果及手术技巧.方法 回顾性分析2009年11月至2012年1月间应用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗小儿输尿管中下段结石42例44侧的临床资料.结果 本组有10例经筋膜扩张器扩张输尿管后方顺利置入输尿管镜,除1例Ⅱ期手术,均一次性成功,无1例中转开腹手术.手术时间为20～100 min.所有病例随访1～18个月,未发现大出血、感染、输尿管、尿道狭窄等并发症.结论 适度的筋膜扩张,合适的灌注压等均有利于提高输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术成功率,气压弹道碎石术是小儿输尿管中下段结石的理想治疗方法.     

Transient major hypothermia associated with acetaminophen: A pediatric case report and literature review

We report the case of a 4-month-old baby boy who presented hypothermia (rectal temperature 36 °C) after acetaminophen intake for post-vaccination fever. A recurrence of the hypothermia was observed after acetaminophen rechallenge for fever. We reviewed 14 other pediatric cases of hypothermia secondary to therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. Hypothermia after a therapeutic dose is a very rare side effect of acetaminophen. Several hypotheses have been made but the exact mechanism remains unknown.     

Application of endoscopic Ho:YAG laser incision technique treating urethral strictures and urethral atresias in pediatric patients

Endoscopic holmium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Ho:YAG) laser incision is a new method applied in pediatric urology recent years. To evaluate its therapeutic efficacy on treating the pediatric patients with urethral strictures and urethral atresias, a retrospective study was performed from June 2001 to July 2005 in a total of 28 pediatric patients who underwent endoscopic internal urethrotomy using Ho:YAG laser in our center. In these patients, 25 had urethral strictures and 3 urethral atresias. Follow-up was done ranging from 2 months to 4 years to assess the treatment. Of the 28 patients, 25 (89.3%) have achieved satisfied result without complications following initial incisions. Two patients with urethral atresias and another with long lesion of stricture (> 2 cm) have postoperative stenosis (10.7%). Among the three reoccurred patients, two were successfully reoperated by Ho:YAG laser and open end-to-end anastomosis, respectively. One patient failed to follow-up. With the advantages of safety, efficacy and minimal invasion, endoscopic Ho:YAG laser incision technique could be used as a primary treatment in urethral stricture patients and is worthy to be popularized further in pediatric surgery.     

A scoping review of mHealth monitoring of pediatric bronchial asthma before and during COVID-19 pandemic

Mobile (m) Health technology is well-suited for Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) in a patient’s habitual environment. In recent years there have been fast-paced developments in mHealth-enabled pediatric RPM, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating evidence synthesis. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of clinical trials that had utilized mHealth-enabled RPM of pediatric asthma. MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched from September 1, 2016 through August 31, 2021. Our scoping review identified 25 publications that utilized synchronous and asynchronous mHealth-enabled RPM in pediatric asthma, either involving mobile applications or via individual devices. The last three years has seen the development of evidence-based, multidisciplinary, and participatory mHealth interventions. The quality of the studies has been improving, such that 40% of included study reports were randomized controlled trials. In conclusion, there exists high-quality evidence on mHealth-enabled RPM in pediatric asthma, warranting future systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of the benefits of such RPM.