弧形交叉髓内钉与交叉克氏针内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效评价

目的 评价掌指骨骨折治疗方法的临床效果.方法 均在X线下采用弧形交叉髓内钉内固定30例(36处)及普通交叉克氏针内固定32例(35处)治疗掌骨及近节指骨骨折.结果 采用弧形交叉髓内钉内固定者骨折端均达到解剖复位或接近解剖复位,按王肇祥评定标准均达到优,骨折愈合时间4～6周,平均4.8周;采用交叉克氏针内固定者骨折端达到解剖复位或接近解剖复位只有9处,按评定标准优只占26%、良占74%,骨折愈合时间6～8周,平均7.2周.结论 两种治疗方法的内固定均较稳固,弧形交叉髓内钉内固定对骨折端的对位愈合效果优于普通交叉克氏针.     

单侧纵轴动力外固定器治疗胫腓骨骨折53例

目的　评价单侧纵轴动力外固定器 (unilateralaxialdynamicfixator,UADF)治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床价值。　方法　利用单侧纵轴动力外固定器治疗胫腓骨骨折 5 3例 ,其中男 31例 ,女 2 2例。上段骨折 11例 ,中段骨折 15例 ,下段骨折 2 7例。新鲜骨折 46例 ,陈旧骨折 7例。　结果　术后 7d可靠扶拐行走。观察时间 3～ 6个月 ,骨折达到解剖复位及近解剖复位 46例 (占 86 .8% )、功能复位 5例 (占 9.4% )、不良复位 2例 (占 3.8% )。本组 5 3例病人均达到临床愈合。外固定器拆除平均时间 93.5d ,临床疗效满意。　结论　应用UADF治疗胫腓骨骨折具有手术创伤小、操作方便、符合外固定原则、可早期进行功能锻炼、防止关节僵硬和肌肉萎缩、有利于骨折愈合和肢体功能恢复、避免二次手术等优点     

复合髋臼骨折手术中后方入路的特点和选择

目的探讨后方入路(Kocher-Langenbeck,K-L)在治疗复合髋臼骨折中的特点和选择指征。方法自1994年10月～2010年1月,通过后方入路手术治疗59例复合髋臼骨折,对患者手术过程、术后复位情况和并发症进行随访评价。结果平均手术时间105分钟,平均出血量480m l,平均输血2U;解剖复位31例,良好复位17例,复位差11例;发生异位骨化11例。结论在复合髋臼骨折中,后柱+后壁、横断+后壁、部分T型和前方伴后方横形骨折,甚至少量双柱骨折可经后方入路完成复位和固定,手术创伤小,复位情况良好,并发症发生率低。     

胫腓骨不稳定骨折的支架外固定治疗

采用双臂全贯穿针式胫腓骨骨折外固定支架治疗了１０例不稳定型胫腓骨骨干骨折（其中２例为开放性骨折）。本组有９例在伤后２周内手术患者的骨折获得解剖或接近解剖复位，１例伤后３１日手术的骨折留有侧位一个骨皮质厚度的移位，正位整复完全。所有患者都获得骨折愈合，平临床愈合时间为１３５日７例因体育运动等低能量外伤因素所致的骨折平均愈合时间为１１１日；其他３例因车祸高能量外伤造成的骨折，其平均愈合时间是１９０日。全组病人无骨感染发生，除１例合并有踝关节骨关节病的患者伤后１４个月随访时仍有伸踝功能受限外，其余病人的踝关节无功能障碍。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：回顾性分析髋臼骨折的手术方法和治疗效果。方法：自2004-06~2009-03,共手术治疗髋臼骨折28例,其中新鲜骨折26例,陈旧性骨折2例。按Letournel-Judet骨折分型：后壁骨折10例,后柱骨折2例,后壁伴后柱骨折4例,前壁骨折2例,前壁伴前柱骨折3例,后壁伴横形骨折4例,＂T＂型骨折3例,手术采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路和髂腹股沟入路。结果：解剖复位22例,复位满意4例,复位不满意2例。全部病例获随访6~27月,平均10.2月,临床效果优良率为92.8%（26/28）。结论：手术是治疗髋臼骨折的有效方法,正确的手术入路选择、骨折解剖复位、稳定的内固定及早期功能锻炼是治疗的关键。     

后内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗后Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的评估后内侧切口治疗后Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2008年4月~2013年4月我院139例后踝骨折患者临床资料,根据入院时的影像学资料,其中29例诊断为后Pilon骨折,并采用后内侧切口行切开复位内固定治疗且资料完整。男性19例,女性10例;年龄21~74岁,平均46.3岁。损伤原因包括坠落伤12例,平地扭伤10例,道路交通伤7例;均伴外踝骨折及关节软骨面塌陷;所有患者足踝部肿胀、畸形及活动受限。受伤至手术时间1~11d,平均5.3d;术后定期随访切口及骨折愈合情况,并采用美国足踝外科学会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分系统评价术后疗效。结果 29例均获随访,随访时间15~47个月,平均24.6个月。所有患者切口均一期愈合;术后2d X线片显示,解剖复位(胫骨远端关节面无台阶,踝穴正常)26例,复位良好(胫骨远端关节面移位1mm,踝穴增宽1mm)3例,解剖复位率89.7%;29例骨折均愈合,愈合时间12~21周,平均15.2周。末次随访时AOFAS评分为81~100分,平均89.5分,其中优21例,良8例,优良率100%。结论后Pilon骨折采用后内切口可完全暴露整个后内侧骨折块,有利于骨折复位和固定,临床疗效满意,应作为治疗后Pilon骨折的首选入路。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：回顾性分析髋臼骨折的手术方法和治疗效果。方法：自2004-06~2009-03,共手术治疗髋臼骨折28例,其中新鲜骨折26例,陈旧性骨折2例。按Letournel-Judet骨折分型：后壁骨折10例,后柱骨折2例,后壁伴后柱骨折4例,前壁骨折2例,前壁伴前柱骨折3例,后壁伴横形骨折4例,＂T＂型骨折3例,手术采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路和髂腹股沟入路。结果：解剖复位22例,复位满意4例,复位不满意2例。全部病例获随访6~27月,平均10.2月,临床效果优良率为92.8%（26/28）。结论：手术是治疗髋臼骨折的有效方法,正确的手术入路选择、骨折解剖复位、稳定的内固定及早期功能锻炼是治疗的关键。     

关节镜下双带线锚钉前交叉韧带止点足印重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下复位、双带线锚钉前交叉韧带(ACL)止点足印解剖重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:2009年4月～2011年4月,对15例胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折患者在关节镜下行骨折解剖复位、双带线锚钉ACL止点足印解剖固定术。胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例;男12例,女3例;年龄21～57岁,平均30.6岁。术前前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均呈阳性,Lysholm评分为(49.9±3.7)分,IKDC 2000主观膝关节评分为(53.3±5.3)分。结果:患者均获随访,随访时间9～15个月,平均12个月。术后6个月X线片复查示髁间嵴骨折均愈合,骨折复位良好。末次随访时,患肢膝关节活动范围达0～120°;Lysholm评分为(89.6±3.2)分,IKDC2000主观膝关节评分为(90.8±5.7)分,两项评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t1=22.100,t2=20.700,P=0.000)。结论:关节镜下复位、双带线锚钉ACL止点足印解剖重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折,有利于实现ACL胫骨止点解剖原点重建,对于恢复ACL正常生理功能有重要意义。     

解剖钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折

目的探讨应用解剖钢板内固定治疗老年患者肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折的手术治疗效果。方法选择臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,取上臂上段前内侧切口经三角肌胸大肌间隙入路显露肱骨外科颈骨折,直视下将骨折复位,应用解剖钢板做内固定,伴有肱骨头骨折者用松质骨螺钉固定。结果本组24例,得到随访者21例,另2例外地患者失访,1例因为其他疾患术后3个月死亡。年龄62～86岁,平均72.5岁,随访9个月～3年,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,肩关节无疼痛,通过功能锻炼,肩关节功能基本恢复正常。结论老年患者肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折通过切开复位解剖钢板内固定,可达到解剖复位,骨折愈合良好,功能恢复满意,明显改善患者生活质量。     

手法整复加微创接骨板技术治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

 目的 探讨手法整复加微创接骨板技术在治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的应用效果.方法 在麻醉下手法整复桡骨远端骨折,依据骨折端复位情况选择手术入路,术中采用骨折撬拨复位、钢板解剖塑形、钢板潜行通过拇长和(或)拇短伸肌、旋前方肌与桡骨骨膜间隙等微创技术,尽量减少手术继发性创伤.结果 术后随访12个月,所有骨折均一期愈合,平均愈合时间8周(6～12周).末次随访:腕关节平均活动范围为掌屈50°,背伸45°,尺偏30°,桡偏20°.根据Gartland评分标准:优54例,良28例,可4例,差0例.结论 在减少骨折部微循环损伤,确保骨折有效复位与固定,获得良好腕关节术后功能方面,手法整复间接复位加微创技术具有重要意义.     

桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折疗效观察

目的探讨桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折的疗效。方法随机选取自2013年6月至2014年12月云南省第三人民医院骨伤科收治的肱骨干骨折患者50例。根据手术方法不同进行分组,其中,桥接组患者26例,钢板组患者24例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、内固定后并发症、肩肘关节功能评分等指标,对桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折的临床疗效做出评价。结果桥接组患者在手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间等方面均优于钢板组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者住院时间及肩、肘关节功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现骨不连、桡神经损伤等并发症。结论桥接组合式内固定系统治疗肱骨骨折在临床疗效、愈合时间、并发症、肩肘关节功能恢复等方面均有显著优势。另外,桥接组合式内固定系统在操作方面较锁定钢板更为简便,结构更稳固。     

胫骨干骨折内固定与外固定疗效的比较

探索胫骨干骨折内固定和外固定的疗效。认为对稳定性胫骨干骨折,加压钢板及髓内针内固定明显优于单纯石膏外固定。     

Initial fixation strength of a hybrid technique for femoral ACL graft fixation

Aperture fixation with interference screws matching the diameter of the tunnel is associated with the risk of graft laceration and graft rotation. A hybrid fixation technique (extracortical and aperture fixation) with undersized interference screws provides a higher fixation strength when compared to an aperture fixation using only a screw matching the size of the tunnel and also reduces the risk of graft laceration. This research is an experimental laboratory study. We evaluated the initial fixation strength at time-zero of an extracortical-, a hybrid- and an aperture fixation in ACL reconstruction using extracortical buttons and different sized interference screws in porcine knees. The tests were performed using a single cycle and cyclic loading protocol. Analysis of yield load, maximum load and stiffness in the single cycle loading test showed no statistically significant differences for hybrid fixation with a 1 mm undersized screw and aperture fixation with a screw matching the size of the tunnel. Cyclic loading tests showed a statistically significant difference between hybrid and aperture fixation. The use of an undersized screw alone in aperture fixation resulted in insufficient fixation strength. The initial fixation strength of the hybrid technique with undersized screws is higher compared to an interference screw fixation alone. The hybrid fixation technique is an alternative for ACL graft fixation.     

Arthroscopy-assisted fracture fixation

Purpose  

The purpose of this article was to systematically analyze the results of published studies in the literature which evaluated the use of arthroscopically assisted techniques in intra-articular fracture fixation.     

Orthopedic fixation devices

Orthopedic fixation devices are used in the treatment of fractures, soft-tissue injuries, and reconstructive surgery. After fracture reduction, internal, external, or intramedullary fixation devices may be used to provide stability and maintain the alignment of bone fragments during the healing process. They must be strong and secure enough to allow early mobilization of the injured part, as well as the entire patient. Compression is used whenever possible to increase the contact area and the stability between fragments and to decrease the stress on the implant. Screws are used primarily to provide interfragmental compression or to attach plates, which can then provide compression, prevent displacement, and support the fragments during healing. Pins and wires can be used for fixation of small fragments or fractures in small bones and for attachment of external fixation devices and traction. A basic understanding of the devices and principles of use is needed to interpret radiographs obtained after the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.     

Analysis of initial fixation strength of press-fit fixation technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

We performed a controlled laboratory study to evaluate the initial fixation strength of press-fit technique. Forty porcine lower limbs were used and divided into four groups according to the method of fixation; group 1 (press-fit+1.4 mm), in which the diameter difference between the bone plug and the femoral tunnel was 1.4 mm; group 2 (press-fit+1.4 mm, 30 degrees), in which the diameter difference was the same with group 1, but the tensile loading axis was 30 degrees away from the long axis of the femoral tunnel; group 3 (titanium), in which a titanium interference screw was used for fixation; group 4 (bioabsorbable), in which a bioabsorbable interference screw was used for fixation. The graft in the press-fit group was harvested with a hollow oscillating saw with inner diameter of 9.4 mm to obtain consistent and completely circular shape of the bone plug. The femoral tunnel with diameter of 8 mm was drilled at the original ACL insertion. Following the bone plug insertion into the femoral tunnel and applying a preload of 20 N, the specimen underwent 500 loading cycles between 0 and 2 mm of displacement. Thereafter the specimen was loaded to failure. There was no fixation site failure during the cyclic loading test. Significant differences in the stiffness, linear load, or failure mode among the groups were not found. The average ultimate failure load of group 1 and group 2 were not significantly different from those of group 3 and group 4. The press-fit groups demonstrated sufficient fixation strength for the rehabilitation and interference screw groups. The completely circular shape of the bone plug and increased diameter difference between the bone plug and the femoral tunnel seemed to contribute to the strong fixation.     

Proposed technique for evaluation of endotracheal tube fixation and comparison of four fixation methods

BACKGROUND: The fixation of an endotracheal tube must be rapid in conditions involving numerous casualties, such as a chemical warfare (CW) situation. The tube also should be fixed and strong to prevent unplanned extubations. METHODS: We developed a technique for the evaluation of fixation methods. This technique was used to evaluate four methods. Three commercial fixators were compared with the fixation method used today in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) and commonly used in different out-of-hospital settings. The exercises were performed on adult intubation mannequins with and without CW protective gear. The fixations were timed, and their quality was evaluated by the participants and inspectors. RESULTS: The time score for the method used today in the IDF was significantly higher compared with the commercial fixation methods. The quality scores for the Thomas fixator and the IDF method were significantly higher than for the fixators by VBM and Rusch. The CW protective gear significantly prolonged the time but did not affect the quality of the fixation. CONCLUSIONS: With this technique, a good estimation of the time and quality of fixation can be achieved.     

内固定和外固定应用于髌骨骨折固定中疗效及依从性比较

目的对临床常用的髌骨骨折内外固定方法的疗效及手术依从性进行分析,证实抓髌器外固定的临床优势。方法将我院2007年1月-2012年12月间手术治疗的128例髌骨骨折患者随机分为2组,每组研究对象64例。一组使用抓髌器外固定,为观察组;一组使用克氏针张力内固定,为对照组;治疗后对两组研究对象的骨折愈合、并发症、关节功能、患者满意率等临床数据进行比较及统计学分析。结果观察组62例、对照组58例骨折愈合良好,观察组愈合优良率（96．9％）高于对照组（90．6％）,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）;在感染发生率及关节功能的比较中,观察组均优于对照组,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）;观察组患者满意率为98．4％,均优于对照组,且具有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。结论抓髌器外固定在髌骨骨折治疗中的疗效及依从性较克氏针张力内固定具有显著优势,尤其在髌骨粉碎性骨折中优势更加明显,适于临床推广使用。     

External fixation combined with limited internal fixation in the treatment of pilon tibia fractures

BACKGROUND/AIM: Intraarticular fractures of the tibial plafond (pilon fractures) belong to the group of most severe fractures. They are usually caused by high-energy trauma and frequently associated with a marked soft-tissue damage. Surgical treatment has replaced the traditional nonoperative treatment. The aim of this study was to present the results of the treatment of distal tibial intraarticular fracture by the use of internal fixation, as well as the combination of minimal internal fixation and external fixation. METHODS: The study included 47 patients with pilon tibia fractures who went through at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Nis (1995-2004). Within the analayzed group there were 33 (70.2%) males and 14 (29.8%) females. The patients mean age was 45.8 years. In the first group, which consisted of 22 patients, open reduction and internal fixation of both the tibia and the fibula was performed in the two separate incisions. The second group consisted of 25 patients managed with external fixation by external fixator "Mitkovi?" with limited internal fixation. Besides external fixation, a minimal internal fixation was performed by the use of Kirschner wires and screws. The patients were followed-up inside a 24-months-period. Results. The obtained was a substantially high number of complications after open reduction and internal fixation in the group of patients. There was no difference in a long-term clinical outcome. Postoperative osteitis, as the most severe complication in the management of closed pilon tibia fractures, was not registered in the second group. CONCLUSION: Considering the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that external fixation by the "Mitkovi?" external fixator with the minimal internal fixation is a satisfactory method for the tratment of fractures of the tibial plafond causing less complications than internal fixation.