经阴道超声检查在异位妊娠诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨异位妊娠患者行经阴道超声检查诊断临床价值。方法 选取疑似异位妊娠的80例患者，分析异位妊娠经阴道超声检查特点。结果 80例经阴道超声检查确诊异位妊娠72例，诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异度分别为90.00%、93.42%、75.00%。阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为75.00%、37.50%,异位妊娠的肿块体积平均为(36.12±4.35) mm。结论 经阴道超声检查异位妊娠诊断中具有较高的灵敏度、特异度及准确率，通过检测孕囊及子宫内膜的厚度、血流等指标对异位妊娠发挥良好的诊断效能。     

超声诊断异位妊娠的临床应用价值研究

目的：观察研究超声诊断异位妊娠的临床应用价值。方法选取就诊的100例异位妊娠患者,作为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对50名对照组患者采用经腹部超声检查,50名观察组患者予以经阴道超声检查,观察患者的诊断效果。结果对照组患者的符合率为94．00％,观察组患者符合率为96．00％,两组利用超声诊断的患者均取得了较好的效果,两组患者比较没有统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。观察组患者的破裂型,未破裂型和流产型检出率显著优于对照组患者,两组患者比较有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论在异位妊娠患者诊断过程中应用超声诊断可以取得较高的符合率,经阴道超声检查在破裂型,未破裂型和流产型检出率上显著高于经腹部超声检查,经阴道超声检查值得在临床上大力推广。     

经阴道联合腹部加压法超声在小包块异位妊娠中的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道联合腹部加压法超声在小尺寸包块异位妊娠中的诊断价值。方法65例经手术证实或临床证实的小尺寸包块异位妊娠患者,均先行腹部超声检查,后排空膀胱行经阴道联合腹部加压法检查,寻找异位妊娠包块,判断其位置,进行包块测量及包块内部结构的观察。结果65例异位妊娠患者,经腹部超声检出胚囊型7例,经阴道联合腹部加压法检出胚囊型22例,两种方法在异位妊娠胚囊型包块检出率上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对于直径<20 mm的包块,经腹部超声检出3例,经阴道联合腹部加压法检出20例;直径20～35 mm的包块,经腹部超声检出39例,经阴道联合腹部加压法检出44例,两种方法在直径<20 mm的包块的检出率上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在早期诊断小尺寸包块异位妊娠方面经阴道联合腹部加压法较经腹部超声有明显优势,对指导临床治疗有重要价值。     

经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素检测对异位妊娠的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素检测对异位妊娠的早期诊断价值。方法:选取82例异位妊娠疑似患者为研究对象,对其实施经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素检测,并以病理学结果为参照,比较经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素检测与单独经阴道超声诊断异位妊娠的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率。结果:82例中经病理学证实异位妊娠44例,其中输卵管妊娠42例,宫角妊娠1例,瘢痕妊娠1例。经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素诊断为异位妊娠43例,漏诊2例,误诊1例。单独经阴道超声检查诊断为异位妊娠45例,漏诊9例,误诊10例。经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素诊断异位妊娠的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为95.5%、97.4%、97.7%、94.9%、96.3%,单独经阴道超声分别为79.5%、73.7%、77.8%、75.7%、76.8%,经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素显著高于单独经阴道超声(P0.05)。结论:在异位妊娠早期诊断中经阴道超声联合血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素检测可取得理想的应用效果,可作为优选诊断方案推广使用。     

腹部超声与阴道超声在异位妊娠中的临床应用

目的 探讨腹部超声结合阴道超声在异位妊娠诊断中的作用。方法 对250例异位妊娠患者资料进行分析,单独用阴道超声检查的患者为对照组,腹部超声结合阴道超声检查的患者为观察组,比较的两组超声检查方法的阳性率。结果 135例经对照组的阴道超声检查确诊异位妊娠125例,阳性确诊率为92.59%;115例经观察组的腹部超声检查结合阴道超声检查诊断异位妊娠114例,阳性确诊率为99.13%,二组比较差异显著,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 阴道超声检查诊断异位妊娠比较准确,而腹部超声联合阴道超声检查比单独阴道超声检查准确率更高。     

经阴道联合腹部超声诊断中晚期妊娠合并宫颈出血性疾病临床价值

目的 探讨经阴道超声联合腹部超声检查中晚期妊娠合并出血性宫颈疾病的诊断价值。方法 选取中晚期妊娠合并宫颈疾病所致出血患者71例(出血1组),另选择同期中晚期妊娠无宫颈疾病所致出血患者62例(出血2组)。比较经阴道超声和腹部超声及经阴道超声联合腹部超声诊断准确率，出血1组与出血2组产妇不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果 经阴道超声联合腹部超声诊断中晚期妊娠合并宫颈疾病所致出血准确率高于经阴道超声检查和腹部超声检查，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经阴道超声检查和腹部超声检查诊断中晚期妊娠合并宫颈疾病所致出血准确率比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中晚期妊娠合并宫颈疾病所致出血，采用经阴道超声联合腹部超声诊断灵敏度和特异度高于经阴道超声检查和腹部超声检查，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 中晚期妊娠合并宫颈疾病所致出血患者采用经阴道超声联合腹部超声检查，可提高诊断准确率。     

经阴道超声及腹部超声对早期异位妊娠的诊断价值

目的探究比较分析阴道超声及腹部超声对异位妊娠的诊断价值。方法选取我院收治34例临床疑似异位妊娠,但腹部超声未发现异位妊娠的患者,行阴道超声诊断,诊断结果以术后病理为参考。分析比较阴道超声诊断与腹部超声诊断的阳性率。结果 34例患者经阴道超声检查,确诊33例,其中输卵管妊娠32例、卵巢妊娠1例,难免流产1例,诊断阳性率为97.06%。结论阴道超声诊断异位妊娠阳性诊断率更高,减少误诊现象,较腹部超声临床实用价值更高。     

阴道超声对异位妊娠早期诊断价值

目的：探讨经阴道超声诊断早期异位妊娠的价值。方法：对40例早期未破裂型异位妊娠患者经阴道超声检查结果与手术结果对比分析。结果：40例中输卵管妊娠38例占95%,卵巢妊娠2例占5%,38例输卵管妊娠中,未破裂型3例,破裂型10例,流产型25例。结论：经阴道超声简单、无创、准确率高,应作为诊断早期异位妊娠的首选方法。     

经阴道超声对未破裂未流产型异位妊娠合并厚壁型妊娠黄体的临床观察

目的:分析未破裂未流产型异位妊娠合并厚壁型妊娠黄体的经阴道超声表现,以提高其诊断符合率。方法:回顾性分析104例未破裂未流产异位妊娠合并86例一侧或同侧妊娠黄体的经阴道超声表现。结果:未破裂未流产型异位妊娠超声表现为宫旁、输卵管"双环征"包块,厚壁型妊娠黄体声像图表现与之类似;未破裂未流产型异位妊娠104例中血流呈环状者4例、半环状27例、点线状59例,无流产者14例(14/104);妊娠黄体血流呈环状79例(79/86)、半环状6例(6/86)、点线状1例(1/86)。未破裂未流产型异位妊娠患者较妊娠黄体收缩期峰值流速低,RI值高。结论:经阴道超声是未破裂未流产型异位妊娠及妊娠黄体特别是厚壁型妊娠黄体的重要鉴别手段,可减少误诊。     

阴道超声与异位妊娠

目的：探讨阴道超声在异位妊娠诊断和治疗方面的价值，方法：回顾２０例临床疑异位妊娠高例，应用阴道超声检查子宫内外，附件及子宫直肠窝等情况，并结合尿ＨＣＧ测定确定异位妊娠诊断。结果：经阴道声确定为异位妊娠９例，其中手术证实诊断８例，符合率８８．９％，１例为卵巢破裂，误诊率１１．１％，排除异位妊娠１１例，其中诊为宫内妊娠３例，卵巢破裂２例，药物流产子宫复旧不全２例，盆腔炎，子宫不正出血４例，经过症治疗全     

Scrotal ultrasound

Ultrasound has been shown to be a reliable and valuable tool in the diagnosis of scrotal abnormalities. In this article, a comprehensive discussion of scrotal abnormalities and their ultrasonographic appearance is presented, oriented toward common clinical presentations, and the present uses and indications of scrotal ultrasound are enumerated.     

Endoanal ultrasound

This pictorial review demonstrates the normal anatomy and abnormalities that are readily demonstrated with endoanal ultrasound of the anal sphincters.     

Breast ultrasound

Ultrasound is second in importance only to mammography in the evaluation of breast abnormalities. The ability of US to diagnose benign simple cysts accurately has spared innumerable women from needless biopsies and aspirations. When a suspicious solid abnormality is detected by ultrasound, it readily provides convenient, inexpensive, accurate imaging guidance for interventional procedures. Future studies of US as a screening tool must weigh potential benefits against the potential risks because of increased biopsies performed for false-positive results.     

Intravascular ultrasound

The recent development and rapid expansion of new percutaneous vascular interventional devices designed to remove or remodel atherosclerotic plaque has been accompanied by equally strong interest in imaging modalities guidance systems to more accurately evaluate disease and better facilitate vascular interventions than traditional angiography. Although contrast angiography remains the standard for diagnostic evaluation of coronary and peripheral arteries, intravascular ultrasound has the potential to offer more precise information about vascular anatomy and disease. Intravascular ultrasonography has been able to provide specific information regarding vessel lumen and wall. Such information is not available by traditional diagnostic methods and may become essential in the future diagnosis, staging, and treatment of atherosclerosis.     

Carotid ultrasound

This article provides an overview of basic diagnostic carotid ultrasound applications, and emphasizes practical aspects of this examination. Areas currently being investigated include carotid plaque characterization and applications relative to IMT measurements. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging also offers promise to improve plaque characterization, which in turn may link these evaluations to outcome studies.     

Interventional ultrasound

Modern cross-sectional imaging methods of computed tomography, sonography and lately MRI have contributed greatly to non-invasive studies of different parenchymal organs and permit the evaluation of pathological changes in different areas of the body. Although these techniques have reached a very high level of refinement, it is often not possible to define whether a focal lesion is benign or malignant. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) or core-needle biopsy (including high-speed- and vacuum-assisted techniques) are essential to find out the character of the disease in these cases. Experience of more than 10,000 interventions of different organs are presented. Technique, results, problems, as well as risks are discussed. Moreover, it is shown how the results of percutaneous biopsies often change the treatment of a patient. This is especially of interest in those suffering from lymphomas, pancreatic carcinomas, and breast cancers, as well as relapsing tumors.     

Intraoperative ultrasound

Intraoperative ultrasound is an exciting arena for real-time depiction and evaluation of relevant anatomy and pathology. The information provided by this technique often is pivotal to the surgeon, and not infrequently impacts the nature and extent of the surgical procedure. As more radiologists develop an interest and become facile with IOUS, and as more surgeons appreciate the benefits of this modality, the numbers and applications for this technique will continue to expand. This, coupled with continued commercial and technical improvements, and increasing demand for minimally invasive surgery, ensures that the future of IOUS will be a bright one.