骨髓炎的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI在骨髓炎诊断中的价值。方法:回顾分析20例骨髓炎的X线、MRI平扫及Gd-DTPA增强扫描资料。结果:MRI最早可在发病第3天发现骨髓信号异常,骨髓炎在MRI上表现出T1WI为低或稍低信号,在T2WI上呈高信号,以STIR或FFE序列最明显,Gd-DTPA扫描病变不均匀强化,骨髓炎多有脓肿和脓肿壁环状强化。结论:MRI对骨髓炎的诊断具有重要价值,尤其在显示早期病变及病变范围方面明显优于X线。     

局灶性脑皮层发育不良的MRI诊断

目的 研究局灶性脑皮层发育不良(focal cortical dysplasia,FCD)的MRI表现特点.资料与方法 回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的FCD患者的MRI表现.常规行横断位、矢状位及垂直于海马长轴的斜冠状位扫描,获得T1 WI、T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)图像.结果 23例FCD病灶均表现为一侧大脑半球内局限性病变.病灶区域皮质增厚18例,灰白质分界模糊20例,皮层下白质异常信号22例,脑回、脑沟形态异常14例,邻近蛛网膜下腔局限性扩大4例.T1WI、T2WI及FLAIR显示灰白质分界模糊分别为6例、20例及18例;皮层下白质异常信号分别为3例、16例及19例;脑回、脑沟形态异常分别为12例、10例及11例.结论 FCD的MRI表现为皮质增厚、灰白质分界模糊、皮层下白质异常信号、脑回、脑沟形态异常及邻近蛛网膜下腔局限性扩大.T2WI及FLAIR显示灰白质界限、白质内异常信号较T1WI敏感,T1WI显示脑回、脑沟形态有一定的价值.     

多灶性运动神经病外周神经及肌肉的MRI表现

目的:探讨多灶性运动神经病(MMN)外周神经及肌肉的MRI表现.方法:8例经临床确诊的MMN患者,行臂丛神经及症状较重侧上肢MRI检查,扫描序列包括3D-STIR SPACE、T1WI SE及脂肪抑制T2WI序列.观察患者臂丛神经、尺神经、正中神经及桡神经在颈部、上臂、肘关节处及前臂处的信号与形态特点,以及肌肉信号与形...     

艾滋病并发进行性多灶性白质脑病的MRI影像特征及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨艾滋病并发进行性多灶性白质脑病(PML)的MRI影像特征,以提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实或临床确诊的23例艾滋病并发PML患者的MRI平扫+增强影像资料,总结分析艾滋病并发PML的MRI影像特征.结果 23例艾滋病并发PML患者中,男性患者占22例(22/23,95.7％),平均...     

平扫和动态增强MRI诊断肝脏局灶性结节增生

目的 探讨肝脏避灶性结节增生（ＦＮＨ）的平扫和动态增强的ＭＲＩ表现及诊断价值。方法 回顾分析２２例２２个手术病理证实的肝脏ＦＮＨ的平扫及动态增强ＭＲＩ资料。结果 病灶平均大小为４．０５ｃｍ,４个病灶在Ｔ１ＷＩ及Ｔ２ＷＩ上呈典型等信号肿块,１８个为不典型信号肿块。８个在平扫ＭＲ上显示中央瘢痕。２１个病灶的实质部分在增强后动脉期呈明显均匀强化,在门脉期及延迟期呈等强化或强于肝实质。２个病灶在门脉期和延     

慢性骨髓炎治疗现状及进展

在过去的30年中,骨科医师依照彻底清除肉芽组织、摘除死骨、闭合死腔与改善局部血运的治疗原则,对慢性骨髓炎进行治疗取得了很大进步。近年来,随着医学基础研究的深入,以及生物工程特别是抗生素和材料学的发展,疾病治疗理念改变和骨科器械不断改进,慢性骨髓炎的治疗手段日益丰富,治疗方法的选择上更兼顾患者的全身状况和局部情况,更多的是联用多种治疗方法,日趋个体化,提高了治愈率,降低了再发率和副损伤。本文就慢性骨髓炎的治疗现状及进展作一综述：     

肝局灶性结节增生的MRI诊断价值与CT征象比较

目的:评价肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的MRI诊断价值。方法:经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的FNH19例,共21个病灶。全部病例进行了CT和MRI检查,CT检查常规行平扫和双期增强扫描;MRI平扫序列如下:用快速恢复快速自旋回波序列(FRFSE)采集压脂T2W图像,用快速扰相梯度回波序列(FSPGR)采集压脂T1W图像,用真稳态进动梯度回波序列(FIESTA)采集T2/T1比值加权图像,用FSPGR序列同时采集无脂肪抑制的反相位和同相位T1W图像。所有病例均行Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描,其中3例进行细胞特异性对比增强扫描。结果:17个FNH在平扫T2WI fs为等信号或略高信号,在T1WI fs上呈等信号或略低信号。MRI平扫共见中心瘢痕12个、中央粗大血管3条、假包膜数2个,均多于CT平扫所见。Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描时,21个FNH于动脉期均明显强化,16个FNH于门脉期或延迟期的信号强度与肝组织接近,中心瘢痕和假包膜延迟强化。行细胞特异性对比增强扫描的3个FNH实质均明显强化,中心瘢痕无强化。结论:绝大多数FNH在MRI上有特征性的征象,MRI可以明确诊断,MRI对FNH的诊断价值高于CT。     

婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎的MRI表现及其诊断价值

目的探讨婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎的MRI表现及其诊断价值。资料与方法 21例长骨急性血源性骨髓炎病例均经临床及病理证实,9例采用Siemens Novus 0.35 T MR机,12例采用Siemens Avanto 1.5 T超导型MR机对病灶及邻近关节行轴位、矢状位及冠状位扫描。结果将婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎分为三种类型:(1)骨骺干骺型(16例):病变位于股骨干骺端6例、胫骨干骺端5例、肱骨干骺端5例。16例长骨干骺端病灶合并骨骺及骺板受累、化脓性关节炎,其中2例合并骨膜下脓肿,1例合并骨骺分离,1例合并关节脱位,病灶在T1WI呈低或稍低信号,T2WI、PD-STIR及梯度回波序列呈高信号,以PD-STIR显示更明显;(2)干骺型(3例):病变位于股骨干骺端2例,胫骨干骺端1例,无骺板及骨骺受累,病灶呈片状稍长T1、长T2信号;(3)骨干型(2例):病变位于胫骨及尺桡骨骨干各1例,MRI表现为骨干广泛骨质破坏及骨膜反应。2例增强扫描髓腔内病灶及周围软组织见不均匀斑片状强化。结论婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎有其自身发病特点,认识其病理解剖学基础及MRI表现,对评价骨髓炎的严重程度及预后有十分重要的意义。     

局灶性脑皮层发育不良 MRI 表现与病理相关性分析

目的：研究局灶性脑皮层发育不良（FCD ）M RI表现与病理相关性。方法经手术病理证实FCD患者74例,根据 FCD的M RI表现,把FCD分为3种类型：放射带型、高信号型、轻微型。分析FCD的M RI分型与病理类型的相关性。结果74例患者中,放射带型12例,表现皮层和／或皮层下T2 WI／FLAIR上高信号,白质内三角形或带状异常信号从皮层向侧脑室方向延伸。高信号型32例,表现皮层和／或皮层下片状 T2 WI／FLAIR高信号,伴有皮层增厚,但是无放射带表现。轻微型30例,仅表现皮层T2 WI／FLAIR略高信号,伴有皮层增厚,但无皮层下高信号表现。放射带型FCD的病理类型多为ⅡB型,高信号型 FCD的病理多表现为ⅡA型及ⅡB型,轻微型FCD病理稍多见于ⅠA型和ⅠB型。结论了解FCD的M RI表现及分型有利于提高FCD的正确诊断,并有助于提示病理类型。     

Ultrasound evaluation of inflammation in patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis involving the mandible: report of three cases

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is aseptic and can be diagnosed by excluding other diseases, such as bacterial osteomyelitis, scurvy, metabolic disorders, and malignant diseases; therefore, bone biopsy is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis. To prevent misdiagnosis, the appropriate timing and location for biopsy should be determined from an active phase of inflammation. We presented 3 cases of CRMO involving the mandible: Case 1: A 2-year-old girl diagnosed with CRMO in the chronic phase. A sonogram showed a slightly low echoic area adjacent to the bone cortex. Pathological examination revealed a slight accumulation of leukocytes and plasma cells, as well as predominant fibrous stroma. Case 2: A 9-year-old girl diagnosed with CRMO with massive new osteoid formation. A sonogram showed a massive inhomogeneous low echoic area adjacent to the bone cortex. Pathological examination revealed massive osteoid formation and scattered inflammatory cells infiltration. Case 3: A 3-year-old girl diagnosed with CRMO in the active phase. A sonogram showed a massive hypoechoic area adjacent to the bone cortex and hyperechogenicity associated with a muscular and subcutaneous edema. Pathological examination revealed massive bone destruction and neutrophils infiltration within damaged osteoid. Ultrasound was able to visualize the degree of inflammation in the mandible corresponding to that of the surrounding soft tissue in all 3 cases. Therefore, ultrasound would be useful in determining the appropriate timing and location for bone biopsy.     

Premature epiphyseal fusion and degenerative arthritis in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

A 9-year-old boy was diagnosed with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis affecting multiple sites. During an 8-year follow-up he developed premature closure of a distal radial epiphysis and degenerative changes in the adjacent radiocarpal joint. Received: 26 July 1999 Revision requested: 24 August 1999 Revision received: 27 September 1999 Accepted: 8 October 1999     

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) with symmetric involvement of both femora: X-ray, bone scintigram, and MR imaging findings in one case

The case of a 17-month-old boy with symmetric involvement of both femora in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is presented. Imaging showed an extraordinary involvement of both femoral diaphyses and distal metaphyses with extensive lamellar-like periosteal reactions. Diagnosis was based upon laboratory tests, bone scintigraphy, and MRI findings and was proved by open bone biopsy.     

MRI in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

 Objective. To review our experience of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) and to assess the value of MRI in this rare disease, which mainly affects children and adolescents. Design and patients. Seventeen patients from our departments were reviewed. All underwent conventional radiography and MRI, and most had bone scintigraphy. All had undergone bone biopsy, with microbiological and histopathological examinations, to exclude infectious disease, tumours and tumour-like lesions. Results and conclusion. CRMO affects predominantly the tubular bones of the limbs, followed by the clavicle and the spine. Other locations are rare. Diagnosis is important in avoiding unnecessary diagnostic procedures and to initiate appropriate therapy, and is usually based on a characteristic course and the appearances on radiography. However, CRMO lesions of tubular bones and the spine exhibit quite characteristic MRI features which support the diagnosis, while the appearance of the early clavicular lesion is non-specific. At all sites of CRMO in the skeleton, MRI is valuable in assessing the extent and activity of the lesion. It may exclude pyogenic involvement of the bone and soft tissues and guide effective biopsy.     

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis involving the mandible: case reports and review of the literature

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an aseptic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause occurring in children and adolescents. It is characterized by multifocal bone lesions with pain and swelling recurring over months to years. Lesions usually involve the metaphyses of the long bones and involvement of the jaw is rare. The clinical presentation, radiographic appearance and histology of a case of CRMO involving the mandible in an 8-year-old girl are documented. The radiographic appearance of another three cases is also described.     

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was first described in 1972 and to date 33 cases have been reported, all but one from outside the United States. This unusual osteomyelitis is characteristically recurrent and multifocal with a predilection for the metaphyses. Cultures are persistently negative and antibiotics do not appear to affect the course of the disease, which may be as long as 15 years. Females are affected twice as frequently as males and half the cases are less than ten years old. Antistreptolysin 0 titers are elevated in a quarter of the patients, and there may be a history of previous throat infection. There is an association with pustulosis palmoplantaris. We present two additional cases from the United States.     

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: an evolving clinical and radiological spectrum

 Objective. To describe unusual clinical and radiological features in patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Design and subjects. Based on radiographic and microscopic findings, three patients were prospectively diagnosed as having chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). They form the basis of this report because of either the unusualness of the clinical presentation, hitherto undescribed associated diseases or the unusual age of presentation and sites of lesions. Results. One patient developed pyoderma gangrenosum at the site of one of the skeletal lesions and then went on to develop ulcerative proctitis. A second patient presented with a soft tissue mass, which on MRI mimicked a sarcoma. The final patient presented with lesions in the wrist and phalanges of the toes at the unusual age of 38. None of the patients was treated with steroids or antibiotics for the skeletal lesions. Steroids were administered to one patient for treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. Conclusions. The pattern and distribution of skeletal lesions in CRMO are well recognized in the pediatric age group. The unusual clinical and/or radiological features discussed herein suggests that this is a disease that continues to evolve with a broader spectrum of features than recognized.     

Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of the iliac bone. Etiological possibilities

An adolescent with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis located to both iliac bones and an adult with pustulotic arthro-osteitis, involving the left iliac bone, an invertebral space, and the sternoclavicular, first sternocostal, manubriosternal and single peripheral joints are described. Their iliac bone changes were identical, except for the occurrence of bilateral changes in the adolescent, and ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint in the adult. It is suggested that chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and pustulotic arthro-osteitis may be related diseases with age-dependent differences.     

MRI in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the MRI features of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in 72 patients who underwent MRI before and after gadolinium injection. Recurrent NPC exhibited a high degree of regional spread and a variety of signal intensities and contours. MRI showed a nasopharyngeal mass in 50 patients (69.4 %); other sites of involvement included the parapharyngeal space (44.4 %), nasal cavity (12.5 %), paranasal sinuses (27.8 %), oropharynx (4.2 %), orbit (8.3 %), infratemporal fossa (18.1 %), skull base (59.8 %), intracranial area (51.4 %) and regional lymph nodes (15.3 %). On T2-weighted images, the nasopharyngeal mass gave high signal in 9 of 50 cases (18 %), intermediate in 27 (54 %), mixed in 8 (16 %) and low signal in 6 (12 %). Contrast enhancement was strong in 12 cases (24 %), moderate in 29 (58 %) and heterogeneous in 9 (18 %). The lesion was convex in 31 cases (62 %) and concave or straight in 19 (38 %). Recognition of the distribution and the appearance of recurrent NPC on MRI is essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Received: 20 August 1998 Accepted: 2 February 1999