血管内皮细胞增殖过程中碘离子与血管内皮生长因子及其受体的关系

目的探讨血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial cell,VEC)增殖过程中碘离子与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体的关系。方法①采用CCK-8法检测碘离子与VEGF抑制剂作用后VEC的增殖率。②采用蛋白质印迹技术(Western印迹法)检测碘离子对血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)磷酸化的影响。结果①在300μg/L碘离子环境中,使用VEGF抑制剂并不能抑制VEC的增殖(P<0.05)。②一定浓度的碘离子可促进VEGFR-2(Tyr1214)磷酸化水平上调(P<0.05)。③碘离子对VEGFR-2(Tyr1175,Tyr951位点)的磷酸化无影响。结论①碘离子促进VEC增殖并不依赖于VEGF对膜受体的刺激,碘离子可视为促VEC增殖的独立因素。②碘离子通过刺激膜受体VEGFR-2(Tyr1214)磷酸化水平上调,介导VEC迁移。③碘离子对VEGFR-2的Tyr1175位点的磷酸化无影响,其对VEC的促增殖效应并不是通过作用于膜受体。     

碘离子调控血管内皮细胞迁移机制研究

目的 研究碘离子(I-)对血管内皮细胞(VEC)迁移及细胞分裂周期蛋白42 (Cdc42)表达的影响,探讨细胞迁移与Budd-Chiari综合征隔膜形成机制.方法 将体外培养的VEC分为空白对照组和不同I-浓度实验组,用Transwell法检测各组细胞迁移数、I-与Cdc42抑制剂ML141作用后VEC迁移情况.采用Western blot技术检测不同I-浓度培养环境中Cdc42表达.结果 一定浓度的I-可以促进VEC迁移(P＜0.05);ML141可抑制VEC迁移;100 μg/L I-组、300 μg/L I-组、500 μg/L I-组VEC Cdc42相对表达量高于其它各组(P＜0.05).结论 碘能促进VEC迁移,该效应可能与调整Cdc42表达有关.     

高碘促成纤维细胞增殖作用与成纤维细胞生长因子及其受体的关系北大核心CSCD

目的研究高碘促进成纤维细胞增殖作用与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子2型受体(FGFR2)的关系,探索高碘因素在布-加综合征(BCS)隔膜组织形成过程中的作用机制。方法①将体外培养的成纤维细胞分成对照组、溶媒组、KI组、FGFR抑制剂组和KI与FGFR抑制剂共同作用组,采用CCK-8法检测各组成纤维细胞增殖率。②采用免疫印迹法检测不同碘浓度(0、250、500、1 000、2 000、3 000μg/L)培养环境中bFGF、FGFR2蛋白表达量。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),多个实验组与1个对照组比较采用最小显著差法(LSD)。结果①在1 000μg/L碘浓度组,KI与FGFR抑制剂共同作用组成纤维细胞增殖率(1.06±0.13)高于FGFR抑制剂组(0.40±0.12),而低于KI组(1.73±0.09),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②在500、1 000μg/L碘浓度组,FGFR2蛋白相对表达量高于其他碘浓度组,而1 000μg/L组高于500μg/L组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各碘浓度组间bFGF蛋白相对表达量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论①高碘因素可能通过上调FGFR2蛋白表达量而引起成纤维细胞增殖;②高碘导致的成纤维细胞增殖可能与隔膜形成相关。     

乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞源Exosomes对内皮细胞增殖的影响及MAPK/ERK和PI3K/Akt信号通路的作用

目的研究人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞源Exosomes对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的促增殖作用,并初步探讨MAPK/ERK和PI3K/Akt信号转导通路在此过程中的作用。方法低温超速离心及密度梯度离心法提取乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞源Exosomes。采用MTT法分别检测50、100、200、400μg/ml Exosomes对HUVECs促增殖作用的影响,流式细胞仪测定200μg/ml Exosomes对HUVECs细胞周期的影响,Western blotting检测200μg/ml Exosomes诱导下HUVECs细胞内细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)和蛋白激酶B(Akt)蛋白的表达水平。结果乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞源Exosomes可促进HUVECs细胞增殖,且呈时间和剂量依赖性。200μg/ml Exosomes作用HUVECs细胞24h后,S期细胞比例(27.8%±3.37%)较对照组(15.34%±0.71%)增加(P<0.05),G1/S期细胞比例(2.22%±0.37%)与对照组(4.67%±0.47%)比较下降(P<0.05)。Western blotting结果显示,200μg/ml Exosomes作用HUVECs细胞24、48、72h后,磷酸化ERK表达(0.3378±0.0415,0.4967±0.0511,0.9205±0.0462)与磷酸化Akt蛋白表达(0.4091±0.0361,0.5484±0.0382,0.7496±0.0481)与对照组(磷酸化ERK 0.1836±0.0324,磷酸化Akt 0.2582±0.0215)相比有所增加(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞源Exosomes能促进HUVECs的增殖,其机制可能与细胞周期改变,以及MAPK/ERK和PI3K/Akt信号通路的持续活化有关。     

PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号传导通路在姜黄素抑制人肝癌细胞Cox-2表达中的作用

目的探讨MAPK和PI3K信号传导通路在姜黄素调节的环氧合酶2(Cox-2)表达中的作用。方法分别加入25、50μmol/L LY294002,10、20μmol/L U0126,5、10ng/ml西罗莫司(雷帕霉素,rapamycin)处理人肝癌细胞BEL-7402,30min后加入10μmol/L姜黄素,对照组单独加入0、10μmol/L姜黄素,培养6h后,采用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测BEL-7402细胞中Cox-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。以不同浓度(0、2.5、5、10、15、20μmol/L)姜黄素或25μmol/L LY294002处理BEL-7402细胞,培养6h后,采用Western blotting检测总AKT蛋白和磷酸化AKT蛋白的表达;以不同浓度(0、2.5、5、10、15、20μmol/L)姜黄素或10μmol/L U0126处理BEL-7402细胞,培养6h后,采用Western blotting检测总ERK蛋白和磷酸化ERK蛋白的表达。结果与仅加入10μmol/L姜黄素的BEL-7402细胞比较,分别加入25、50μmol/L LY294002,5、10ng/ml西罗莫司后,BEL-7402细胞中的Cox-2 mRNA和蛋白表达均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而加入10、20μmol/L U0126后表达无明显变化(P>0.05)。采用不同浓度姜黄素或25μmol/L LY294002处理后,BEL-7402细胞磷酸化AKT蛋白表达逐渐降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但总AKT蛋白表达与对照组相比无明显变化(P>0.05)。不同浓度姜黄素或10μmol/L U0126处理后,BEL-7402细胞磷酸化ERK蛋白和总ERK蛋白表达与对照组相比均无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论姜黄素可能通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号传导通路抑制人肝癌细胞BEL-7402中Cox-2的表达。     

尼古丁对腰椎终板软骨细胞增殖及AQP1表达调控的影响

目的探讨尼古丁对腰椎终板骨细胞增殖的影响,了解尼古丁对水通道蛋白1(Aquaporin 1,AQP1)mRNA和蛋白表达的调控作用。方法培养大鼠腰椎终板软骨细胞,置于培养板上,实验组加入0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2 g/L系列浓度的尼古丁硫酸盐,对照组只加入培养液,观察不同浓度的尼古丁对终板软骨细胞生物活性的影响及其对AQP1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。结果尼古丁浓度为0.05 g/L时,对终板软骨细胞的增殖即有显著的抑制作用。当尼古丁的浓度为0.025 g/L时,在蛋白和mRNA水平,其对终板软骨细胞AQP1的表达无明显抑制作用(P>0.05);当其浓度为0.05 g/L及以上时,与对照组相比,对终板软骨细胞AQP1的表达有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05)。结论吸烟对软骨细胞的活性有抑制作用,可以下调AQP1的表达,其对AQP1的调控作用和对终板软骨细胞活性的影响可能是其作为椎间盘退变高风险因素的原因之一。     

胎球蛋白A的纯化及其对3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素通路的抑制作用

目的 对胎球蛋白A(AHSG)蛋白进行纯化,并探讨其对脂肪细胞胰岛素通路的调节作用.方法 通过硫酸铵沉淀、PEG沉淀、DEAE离子交换和Protamine亲和层析方法纯化血浆中的AHSG蛋白.培养3T3-L1前脂肪细胞并分化为成熟脂肪细胞,置于低糖DMEM培养基培养,然后加入终浓度为100μg/ml和600μg/ml的AHSG及终浓度为600μg/ml的人白蛋白(HAS)分别进行培养,最后用不同浓度(0、10、20nmol/L)的胰岛素刺激细胞.采用Western blotting检测AHSG和HSA对3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素下游分子IRS-1和Akt的磷酸化水平的影响.结果 从血浆中纯化的AHSG蛋白纯度达90%以上.纯化的AHSG在100μg/ml浓度下可以减弱胰岛素对IRS-1蛋白磷酸化的影响,在600μg/ml浓度下可以完全抑制IRS-1蛋白磷酸化;纯化的AHSG在100μg/ml浓度下可以减弱胰岛素对Akt蛋白磷酸化的影响,在600μg/ml的浓度下可以明显抑制Akt蛋白的磷酸化,而600μg/ml的HAS则不能抑制IRS-1和Akt蛋白的磷酸化.结论 从血清中纯化出的AHSG在生理浓度下可以抑制胰岛素对3T3-L1细胞中IRS-1和Akt蛋白的磷酸化作用,在脂肪细胞胰岛素通路中扮演着重要角色.     

小檗碱对果糖诱导人肾小管细胞内质网应激PERK凋亡通路的影响

目的 探讨小檗碱对果糖诱导下肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的影响.方法 人肾小管上皮细胞株(HK-2细胞)于含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中进行体外培养,然后随机分为正常组(C组)、果糖组(F组,含25mmol/L果糖培养液)、小檗碱组(B组,25mmol/L果糖+10μmol/L小檗碱)和TUDCA组(T组,25mmol/L果糖+2μmol/L TUDCA培养液).培养24h后收集细胞,Western blotting检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、CHOP蛋白表达水平及蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK)、真核启始因子2α(eIF2α)的磷酸化水平,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞周期情况,TUNEL法检测各组细胞凋亡率.结果 与C组比较,F组GRP78、CHOP蛋白表达水平上调,同时p-PERK、p-eIF2α水平明显上升(P<0.05);与F组比较,B组、T组GRP78、CHOP、p-PERK、p-eIF2α表达水平均明显下降(P<0.05);T组与B组GRP78、CHOP、p-PERK、p-eIF2α表达水平比较无明显差异.与C组比较,F组HK-2细胞活力明显降低,细胞凋亡指数明显升高(P<0.05);与F组比较,B组和T组肾小管上皮细胞活力明显增加,细胞凋亡指数明显下降(P<0.05);T组B组细胞活力指数、细胞凋亡率比较无明显差异.结论 持续采用果糖培养HK-2细胞可激活细胞内PERK通路,引起内质网应激的发生,小檗碱能够抑制果糖诱导的PERK和eIF2α的磷酸化,下调GRP78、CHOP表达,从而调控PERK通路缓解细胞周期阻滞现象,降低细胞凋亡率.     

中低危分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗前尿碘水平与最佳治疗反应的关系

目的探讨中低危分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者¹³¹I治疗前尿碘水平与最佳治疗反应(ER)的关系。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2018年10月间就诊于山东大学第二医院核医学科的甲状腺全切术后首次行¹³¹I治疗的DTC患者432例[男124例、女308例,年龄(42.1±11.0)岁],收集其临床资料,并据尿碘水平将患者分成4组:G1组,尿碘<50μg/L;G2组,50μg/L≤尿碘<100μg/L;G3组,100μg/L≤尿碘<200μg/L;G4组,尿碘≥200μg/L。¹³¹I治疗剂量为3700 MBq。评估患者6~8个月后的治疗反应:ER、不确切反应(IDR)、血清学疗效不满意(BIR)、影像学疗效不满意(SIR)。采用χ2检验、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验比较患者组间差异,并计算G1~G4组与不同治疗反应间调整后的标化残差(残差)及Cramer′s V,以判断组间差异。将IDR、BIR、SIR等归为非ER(NER)组,行二元logistic回归分析和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析寻找治疗反应的影响因素。结果G1~G4组达ER者占比分别为51.9%(41/79)、64.9%(98/151)、53.8%(63/117)和30.6%(26/85),不同尿碘水平组ER构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.775,P<0.01),其中G4的占比明显低于其他3组(χ2值:7.695~25.697,均P<0.05),余3组间差异无统计学意义(χ2值:0.072~3.667,均P>0.05)。ER、IDR、BIR、SIR组患者的尿碘水平分别为87.5(57.0,129.0)、97.0(55.7,211.5)、141.0(74.0,231.0)和148.0(68.5,221.0)μg/L(H=15.977,P=0.001),其中ER与SIR组尿碘水平差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.729,P=0.019)。尿碘水平与治疗反应间存在相关性(Cramer′s V=0.151,P=0.001);尿碘(≥200μg/L)、性别、刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(psTg)水平可作为影响ER的独立因子(Wald值:4.029、7.185和56.301,均P<0.05)。结论在DTC术后的中低危患者中,当尿碘水平<200μg/L时行¹³¹I治疗并不影响患者达到ER,而尿碘水平≥200μg/L时患者需谨慎行¹³¹I治疗。     

MR imaging of the major nerves about the elbow: cadaveric study examining the effect of flexion and extension of the elbow and pronation and supination of the forearm

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides useful information in the evaluation of peripheral nerves. Recent advances in MR imaging allow for detailed depiction of the soft tissue structures of the elbow joint. Three major nerves are present about the elbow. Six cadaveric elbows were imaged to depict the normal anatomy of these nerves and to determine the best plane and position of the elbow for optimal visualization of each nerve. Axial images of the elbow in full extension with the forearm in supination allow identification of all major nerves. Axial images with the elbow in full flexion allow accurate assessment of the cubital tunnel and the ulner nerve. Axial images of the elbow in full extension with the forearm in pronation are helpful for assessment of the median and radial nerves in the forearm.     

Mistakes in the diagnosis and treatment of the complete dislocation and fractures of the acromial end of the clavicle

The analysis of the mistakes in the operative treatment of the sick with such a trauma was conducted. Two typical examples were given. The mistakes were stipulated non-diagnosis of the simultaneous break of the coracoclavicular ligament and not taking measures for its recovery. The radiodiagnosis based on N. Z. Shmidt's method is considered to be inevitable for this category of the sick. After the confirmation of the diagnosis the operation of choice can be the operation of Yotkins-Leochuk for the sick with the complete dislocation of the acromial end of the clavicle, and the operation of Yotkins for the sick with fractures of the acromial end of the clavicle with the break of the coracoclavicular ligament. By means of these methods 43 sick men with the dislocation and 7 sick men with fractures of the acromial end of the clavicle have been operated since 1973. No cases had complications, relapses or unsatisfactory results.     

Study on the stability of the calibration and normalization in PET and the influence of drifts on the accuracy of quantification

With regard to the quality control of quantification in positron emission tomography some characteristics were examined, to develop a simple method for frequent monitoring. The stability and uniformity of the detector count rate was checked by plotting the RMS deviation of the non normalized count rate and the standard deviation of the normalized count rate, each normalized to its value after the calibration or normalization respectively. Switching off a single detector did not impair the image quality, but the normalized image pixel counts were reduced by 2%–3% when a detector block was switched off. Thus in case of need, a weak detector can still be used to perform a scan. A reduced count rate capability at specific activities above 5x10⁴ Bq/ml (1.5x10⁵ corrected true system counts/s or 1.5x10⁴/s for a plane) was found compared to the maximum usable activity of 8x10⁴Bq/ml obtained 1 year earlier, indicating a drift in the count loss corrections. A variation of the room temperature changes the temperature distribution inside the gantry by 5% per °C and the drift of the sensitivity (normalized image pixel counts) is 2% per °C.This article was presented at the 1st EEC workshop on accuracy determination in PET, January 19–20th. 1989 Pisa, Italy (COMAC-BME Concerted Project Characterization and Standardization of PET Instrumentation)     

Quantitative evaluation of the echo intensity of the median nerve and flexor muscles of the forearm in the young and the elderly

Objectives

Musculoskeletal structures often appear brighter on imaging in the elderly, which makes it difficult to accurately delineate a peripheral nerve during ultrasound-guided regional anaesthetic procedures. The echo intensity of skeletal muscles is significantly increased in the elderly. However, there are no data comparing the echo intensity of peripheral nerves in the young and the elderly, which this study was designed to evaluate.

Methods

13 healthy, young volunteers (aged <30 years) and 11 elderly patients (aged >60 years) who were scheduled to undergo orthopaedic lower limb surgery were recruited. The settings of the ultrasound system were standardised and a high-frequency linear array transducer was used for the scan. A transverse scan of the median nerve (MN) and the flexor muscles (FMs) at the left mid-forearm was performed and three video loops of the ultrasound scan were recorded for each subject. Still images were captured from the video loops and normalised. Computer-assisted greyscale analysis was then performed on these images to determine the echo intensity of the MN and the FMs of the forearm.

Results

The echo intensity of the MN and FMs of the mid-forearm was significantly increased in the elderly (p<0.005). There was also a reduction in contrast between the MN and the adjoining FM in the elderly (p=0.04).

Conclusion

Under the conditions of this study, the MN and the FMs in the forearm appeared significantly brighter than those in the young, and there was a loss of contrast between these structures in sonograms of the elderly.Recently, there has been an increase in interest in the use of ultrasound to guide peripheral nerve blocks [1-3]. We have observed during such procedures that musculoskeletal structures often appear significantly brighter and that there is loss of contrast between the nerve and its adjoining muscles in the elderly, which often makes it difficult to accurately delineate a peripheral nerve using ultrasound in this age group. There are published data showing that the echo intensity (EI) of skeletal muscles is significantly increased in the elderly [4]. However, there are no data comparing the EI of a peripheral nerve in the young and the elderly, which this study was designed to evaluate.     

Sonography of the wrist and the hand

Sonographic examination of the hand requires high-frequency linear transducers. As the relevant structures are located very close to the surface, water stand-off pads are mandatory. Owing to the high sensitivity of sonography in the detection of fluid, exudative synovitis, tenosynovitis and ganglia can be easily diagnosed. Sonographic information on muscle atrophy and alterations of the shape and echogenicity of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome may be useful in evaluating the extent of disease. Further indications for the sonographic examination of the hand include suspected tumors, foreign bodies and synovial proliferation. Osseous destruction can be visualized in patients with rheumatoid disease, but the precise extent is hard to determine.     

On the Importance of the Level of Glutathione and the Activity of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Heat Sensitivity and Thermotolerance

Summary

Heating of Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells and mouse fibroblast LM cells to 43 or 44°C respectively, results in an increased level of reduced gluthathione (GSH). The maximum elevation in GSH was to 140 per cent for LM cells and to 120 per cent for EAT cells. No increase of GSH in EAT cells was observed after heating at 44°C. LM cells were treated with diethylmaleate (DEM) and the EAT cells with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO) at non-toxic doses to deplete the levels of GSH. No effect on thermosensitivity or on the development of thermotolerance was observed when the DEM and BSO treatments were chosen such that the lowering of GSH was just down to the level of detection (about 5 per cent of control). When higher concentrations of DEM were used, thermal sensitization was observed. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was also investigated because of its importance in supplying NADPH for the regeneration of GSH from GSSG and for the endogenous production of polyols. Hyperthermia was found to enhance markedly the flux of glucose through the PPP. While the DEM treatment inhibited glucose oxidation through the PPP, BSO addition to the cells resulted in a slightly increased activity of the PPP. The PPP activity of thermotolerant cells was lower (fibroblasts) or hardly affected (EAT cells) compared to control cells. The extent of PPP activation by hyperthermia was comparable for thermotolerant and control cells. For the two cell lines studied neither a high level of GSH nor an active PPP is a prerequisite for the development of thermotolerance.     

四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的X线及MRI表现

目的：探讨四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的 X 线及 MRI 表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理及 DSA 证实的89例四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形患者的临床、影像资料,其中89例均行 X 线平片检查,33例行 MRI 检查。结果 X 线检查中,骨质及软组织影未见异常者54例(60.7%),软组织异常者14例(15.7%),可见静脉石者30例(33.7%);骨质异常者32例(36.0%),其中伴骨膜反应者13例,皮质破坏16例,髓腔受累者10例,三者均受累者为7例弥漫性病灶。MRI 图像上,病灶呈蜂窝状或海绵状,T1 WI 上呈等低信号者25例(75.8%),低信号5例(15.2%),不均匀稍高信号3例(9.0%);T2 WI 上病灶为不均匀高信号伴低信号分隔,范围及边界显示清楚,其中9例内部可见低信号区伴血管流空影;检出静脉石10例(30.3%),呈低信号;增强后病变不均匀明显强化。骨质异常者18例(54.5%),均可见病灶紧邻骨质或呈半包绕、包绕改变,其中12例髓腔内可见异常信号影,3例为迂曲血管流空影。在15例(45.5%)骨质无改变患者中,3例病灶邻接骨质,余12例病灶与骨间隔以脂肪或肌肉组织。结论四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形可引起邻近骨质的异常,掌握其 X 线及 MRI 表现特征,有助于提高对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。     

Aspects of the venous drainage of the pons and the mesencephalon

Summary After a brief resumé of the morphology of the pontomesencephalic veins, the authors demonstrate the drainage dynamics of these veins in normal and pathlogical vertebral angio-seriograms. The repercussions of drainage impairment are illustrated.

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Untersuchungen über die Venen-Drainage von Pons und Mesencephalon

Zusammenfassung Nach kurzer Beschreibung der Morphologie der pontomesencephalen Venen wird die Drainagedynamik dieser Venen anhand normaler und pathologischer Vertebralisangiogramme demonstriert. Die unterschiedlichen Mechanismen einer Drainagebehinderung werden erläutert.

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A propos du drainage veineux du pont et du mésencéphale

Résumé Après un bref résumé de la morphologie des veines ponto-mésencéphalques, les auteurs décrivent les modalités de drainage de ces veines en sérioangiographie vertébrale normale et pathologique. Ils illustrent les répercussions de drainage défectueux.

     

高原彝汉成年人血红蛋白、红细胞值调查分析

目的了解高原地区彝汉成年人血红蛋白、红细胞及相关指标的基础水平，探讨其与国家参考值指标是否存在差异。方法选择健康成人规范采集静脉血，用美国COULTERAC·Tdiff2血球分析仪检测，对数据进行统计学处理。结果川西南高原彝汉成人的血红蛋白、红细胞水平及相关指标与国家参考值比较差异有非常显著的意义，P〈0．001；当地彝汉民族比较差异无显著意义，P〉0．05。结论有必要制定高原地区成人血红蛋白、红细胞及相关指标的正常参考值，为临床提供更科学实际的参考依据。