CT 灌注成像对胃癌评估的临床应用

目的：探讨 CT 灌注成像参数值与不同分化程度胃癌的相关性。方法应用64层螺旋 CT 对经手术病理证实的50例胃癌患者术前行灌注成像检查,获得灌注参数值,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和毛细血管表面通透性(PS);根据肿瘤细胞不同分化程度分成高、中、低分化3组,然后应用 SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果高分化胃癌组10例(20%),灌注参数：BF 值(mL·min-1·100 g-1)75.28±6.81,BV 值(mL/100 g)9.01±0.94,MTT 值(s)9.89±1.65,PS 值(mL·min-1·100 g-1)10.05±0.71;中分化胃癌组24例(48%),灌注参数：BF 值110.01±31.90,BV 值18.18±5.62,MTT 值9.81±3.69,PS 值40.08±15.82;低分化胃癌组16例(32%),灌注参数：BF 值138.59±38.09,BV 值21.08±4.11,MTT 值9.47±1.80,PS 值57.50±13.28。3组比较,BF、BV、PS 值在高分化与中分化组以及高分化与低分化组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),MTT 值在胃癌不同分化3组间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论CT 灌注参数 BF、BV、PS 值可以作为胃癌恶性程度的评估指标。     

螺旋CT对胃癌术前T分期的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT扫描胃壁征象与胃癌病理T分期的关系.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理确诊的48例胃癌患者CT检查资料,根据胃癌CT征象,与术后病理结果对照,评价螺旋CT在胃癌术前T分期的临床应用价值.结果 螺旋CT对胃癌T分期的总体诊断准确率为75.0％(36/48),其中对T1、T2、T3、T4期的诊断准确率分别为60....     

多层螺旋CT对T3和T4a期胃癌浆膜侵犯的研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在T3和T4a期胃癌浆膜侵犯的诊断价值.方法 78例经手术病理证实的胃癌患者,T3期36例,T4a期42例,所有病例术前均进行了CT增强扫描.釆用双盲法由2名放射科医师运用轴位薄层和多平面重建(MPR)技术分析胃浆膜受侵犯的影像学征象,比较这些征象在T3和T4a期胃癌中出现的差异.结果...     

胃癌增强CT术前分期结构式报告可行性研究

目的 探讨结构式报告在胃癌增强CT术前分期中的可行性及临床应用价值.方法 回顾性入组30例胃癌术前分期增强CT检查,入组病例均包括1份自由文本报告和1份结构式报告.对结构式报告与自由文本报告的内容进行评价.另外由11名影像科医师对报告的便利度和教学度进行评价;2名胃肠外科医师对报告进行满意度评价,包括主观感受评价和信息...     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对胃癌病理分化程度评估的研究

目的：探讨多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)灌注成像参数与不同分化程度胃癌的相关性。方法用 MSCT 对经手术病理证实的44例胃癌患者术前行灌注扫描,获得灌注参数值,包括血流量(BF)、Patlak 血容量(PBV)、达峰时间(TTP)和 Patlak 表面通透性(PPS);根据肿瘤细胞不同分化程度分成2组：高分化组26例与低分化组18例,再比较2组病例灌注参数值的差异。结果高分化组胃癌灌注参数：BF 值(mL·min-1·100 mL-1)101.8±6.7,PBV 值(mL/1000 mL)85.9±3.4,TTP 值(0.1 s)121.6±11.5, PPS 值(0.5 mL·min-1·100 mL-1)82.7±11.0;低分化组胃癌灌注参数：BF 值105.3±7.7,PBV 值92.1±7.1,TTP 值113.0±10.5,PPS 值94.3±22.9。BF 值在胃癌不同分化2组间差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),TTP,PBV,PPS 值在2组间差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论MSCT 灌注参数值在一定程度可反映活体上的胃癌肿瘤恶性程度。     

转移性胃癌的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的 探讨转移性胃癌的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现形式,以提高认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的5例转移性胃癌的临床及MSCT完整资料,观察记录其一般资料、诊断转移性胃癌间隔时间、生存时间、MSCT表现形式(部位、形态、强化方式等).结果 原发肿瘤分别为:鼻腔及右足部黑色素瘤各1例,升结肠及横结肠溃疡型腺癌各1例,左肺...     

CT 能谱成像定量评估胃癌 Lauren 分型的应用价值

目的：探讨 CT 能谱成像(GSI)定量评估胃癌 Lauren 分型的价值。方法对52例胃镜确诊胃癌的患者于术前行 CT GSI 增强扫描,通过 GSI Viewer 分析软件获得单能量图、碘基图,测得病灶的 CT 值、碘浓度,计算标准化碘浓度比,并与术后病理对照,采用单因素方差分析多重比较进行统计学分析。结果肠型、混合型、弥漫型胃癌的动脉期碘浓度、标化碘浓度比、40~70 keV、40~140 keV、70~140 keV 各能量区间能谱曲线斜率分别为12.86±6.80(100μg/mL)、0.13±0.06、2.50±1.26、0.99±0.51、0.34±0.20,18.54±6.49(100μg/mL)、0.19±0.07、3.56±1.24、1.42±0.50、0.50±0.18和24.52±9.68(100μg/mL)、0.24±0.09、4.73±1.76、1.90±0.73、0.68±0.29。其中,肠型胃癌的各组数值均明显低于弥漫型胃癌,2组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);肠型-混合型、混合型-弥漫型两两比较,除肠型-混合型碘浓度比 P 值为0.037,其余各指标组间差异均无显著性(P >0.05)。结论GSI 能谱曲线斜率、碘浓度、标准化碘浓度比有助于术前评估胃癌的 Lauren 分型。     

胃癌的CT诊断

目的：研究ＣＴ对胃癌的诊断作用。材料方法：经病理证实胃癌７８例，其中贲门癌４３例，胃体癌１８例，胃窦癌１７例。使用美国ＧＥ公司Ｐｒｏｓｐｅｅｄ５～１０ｍｍ层厚常规扫描。结果：发现胃壁增厚３０例，肿块４６例，壁外受侵３１例，肝及肾上腺转移１９例，淋巴结转移３５例，胃壁增厚者多为浸润型，肿块多为蕈伞型和混合型。ＣＴ密度与组织学分类有关。结论：ＣＴ对中、晚期胃癌的诊断有重要帮助，尤其是对壁外侵犯和远处转移有重要作用。     

3.0TMRI与64层螺旋CT在进展期胃癌术前T分期的诊断价值比较

目的：探讨3.0T MRI 与64层螺旋 CT 在进展期胃癌术前 T 分期中的诊断价值。方法对经胃镜病理证实的胃癌患者40例,于术前1周行 MSCT 及 MRI 检查,根据影像学资料进行 T 分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照。结果MRI 与 MSCT 术前 T分期与术后分期均有较好的一致性(Kappa-test ,P <0.05),MRI 与 MSCT T 分期的准确率分别为77.5%、72.5%,经统计学分析2种检查方法之间无统计学差异(McNemar-test ,P >0.05)。结论MRI 与 MSCT 在进展期胃癌术前 T 分期中诊断价值相当,MRI的诊断准确性稍高于 MSCT,尤其是在区分 T3、T4期具有潜在的优势。     

64层螺旋CT测量肾积水体积评估肾功能的初步研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT测量肾积水体积用于评估梗阻性肾积水患者肾功能的价值.方法 选取在本院3 d内同时行单光子发射计算机体层成像(SPECT)肾动态显像及64层螺旋CT平扫的梗阻性肾积水患者共176例.根据SPECT测得的肾小球滤过率(GFR)将其分为肾功能正常组、肾功能轻度受损组、肾功能中度受损组及肾功能重度受损组.同时利用CT三维重建技术测量各组患者的肾积水体积大小,然后对比各组间肾积水体积的差异,并分析肾积水体积与GFR的相关性.结果 4组患者肾积水体积分别为(31.47±3.81) cm3、(83.43±7.81) cm3、(208.53±15.47) cm3 及(577.31±61.32) cm3 ,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);组间两两比较除肾功能正常组与肾功能轻度受损组外,其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);肾积水体积与肾脏GFR具有良好的相关性(r=-0.614).结论 64层螺旋CT测得的肾积水体积与SPECT测得的GFR有较好的相关性,能在一定程度上反映肾积水患者的肾脏功能.     

Preoperative staging of renal cell carcinoma using triphasic helical computed tomography

Objective

To determine if staging of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be predicted from preoperative triphasic helical computed tomography (CT) findings.

Patients and methods

We reviewed the triphasic helical CT scans of 48 consecutive patients with pathologic diagnosis RCCs. All tumors were staged according to the 2002 version of TNM staging system. The preoperative radiologic staging was compared with postoperative pathologic staging. Agreement between the two staging systems was determined using the kappa test.

Results

Comparison between triphasic helical CT staging and pathologic staging showed harmony in all lesions in stage T1a, and T1b. Triphasic helical CT over diagnosed two cases of stage T1b regarded as stage T3a while agreement was noted in all cases of stage T2. Harmony was noted between triphasic helical CT and pathologic staging in two lesions stage T3a, four lesions in stage T3b, and two lesions stage T4. The agreement between triphasic helical CT and pathologic T stages was perfect (K = 0.941). Forty-two cases were staged N0, one case was N1, and five cases were staged N2 by triphasic CT. Three cases were over staged, and six cases were under staged while, 39 were correctly N staged. The agreement between triphasic helical CT and pathologic N staging was poor (K = 0.33).

Conclusion

The agreement between the preoperative triphasic helical CT staging and postoperative pathologic T staging is perfect, while agreement in N stages is poor. So T staging of RCC can be predicted from triphasic helical CT findings while N staging cannot be predicted preoperatively.     

Multidetector computed tomography in the evaluation of gastric malignancy; A multicenteric study

Objective

The aim of this work is to highlight the diagnostic value of multidetector CT in assessment of gastric malignancy compared to surgical and pathological results.

Whole-body positron emission tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose for staging of lymphoma: effectiveness and comparison with computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whole-body positron emission tomography (WB-PET) as a staging modality in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and to compare it with computed tomography (CT) in a retrospective study. Seventy-one WB-PET studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 49 CT examinations were performed in 19 women and 31 men. Transaxial images were acquired and reformatted coronally and sagittally in PET. CT sections were obtained from the skull base to the pelvic floor. The written reports of the imaging data were compared with a reference standard constructed on the basis of all the data on the individual patients, including clinical follow-up of at least 6 months. The sensitivity and specificity of PET were, respectively, 86% and 96% for HD (n=53), and 89% and 100% for NHL (n=18). For CT sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 41% for HD (n=33) and 86% and 67% for NHL (n=16). Differences between PET and CT sensitivities were not significant, while in HD there was a significant difference in the specificity of PET and CT examinations, mainly because CT was unable to distinguish between active or recurrent disease and residual scar tissue after therapy. FDG tumour uptake was found in high- as well as low-grade NHL patients. In conclusion, PET appears to be highly sensitive and specific for staging of lymphoma. It is at least as sensitive as CT, and more specific, particularly in patients undergoing restaging, where a well-recognized diagnostic dilemma in CT is the presence of a post-therapeutic residual mass. Received 5 January and in revised form 10 March 1998     

Advances of multidetector computed tomography in the characterization and staging of renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 90%-95% of kidney tumors. With the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging modalities, more than half of RCCs are detected incidentally, often diagnosed at an early stage. This may allow the planning of more conservative treatment strategies. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the examination of choice for the detection and staging of RCC. Multidetector CT (MDCT) with the improvement of spatial resolution and the ability to obtain multiphase imaging, multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions in any desired plane brought about further improvement in the evaluation of RCC. Differentiation of RCC from benign renal tumors based on MDCT features is improved. Tumor enhancement characteristics on MDCT have been found closely to correlate with the histologic subtype of RCC, the nuclear grade and the cytogenetic characteristics of clear cell RCC. Important information, including tumor size, localization, and organ involvement, presence and extent of venous thrombus, possible invasion of adjacent organs or lymph nodes, and presence of distant metastases are provided by MDCT examination. The preoperative evaluation of patients with RCC was improved by depicting the presence or absence of renal pseudocapsule and by assessing the possible neoplastic infiltration of the perirenal fat tissue and/or renal sinus fat compartment.     

MSCT三期增强扫描和后处理技术对胃癌术前分期的评价

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对胃癌的影像学诊断及其对术前分期的价值。方法:对49例胃癌患者行16层螺旋CT三期增强扫描后,用多平面重建(MPR)和CT仿真内镜(CTVE)等后处理技术对胃癌CT图像进行术前分期评价,并与术后病理分期对照,以术后病理分期为金标准。结果:MSCT T分期:T1期诊断准确率75.00%(6/8),T2、T3、T4期准确率分别为70.59%(12/17)、68.42%(13/19)、80.00%(4/5);N分期:N0期68.75%(11/16),N1期准确率为59.10%(13/22),N2期63.64%(7/11)。M分期中除1例左锁骨上淋巴结转移未行该部位的CT扫描不计入统计之列外,其余48例M分期的准确率为M0为90.91%(40/44),M1为50.00%(2/4)。结论:16层螺旋CT三期增强扫描结合多平面重建和CT仿真内镜等后处理技术对胃癌分期的准确率较高,值得临床推广。     

胃癌双能量扫描在分期中的应用

目的 探讨胃癌双能量CT优化图像质量,评估其在胃癌术前分期中的作用.方法 收集临床疑有胃癌的患者55例,行双源双能量腹部增强扫描.测量100 kV、70 keV、120 kV图像病灶动静脉期的CT值,信噪比(SNR)、噪声.选择出最佳水平的图像,并评估此水平图像的术前TNM分期,并和常规120 kV图像相对比.结果 动静脉期70 keV和100 kV图像强化程度均高于120 kV(P＜0.001);动脉期70 keV和120 kV的SNR高于100 kV(P＜0.01),静脉期70 keV的SNR高于120 kV和100 kV(P＜0.01);70 keV和120 kV T分期符合率分别为83.7％、72.1％(P=0.25);120 kV和70 keV N分期符合率分别为62.8％、74.4％ (P＜0.05).结论 双能量CT 70 keV单能图像较常规120 kV优化了图像质量,提高了N分期的符合率.     

胃黏液腺癌的MSCT特征

目的 探讨胃黏液腺癌(MGC)的MSCT特征.方法 回顾性分析77例经手术病理或内镜活检证实的进展期胃癌患者[(其中24例MGC,53例非黏液腺癌(NGC)]的MSCT相关征象,包括病灶厚度、平扫密度、强化方式、浆膜侵犯、淋巴结转移等.结果 黏液癌组胃壁平均厚度为(1.46±0.369) cm,高于非黏液癌组胃壁平均厚度(1.34±0.537) cm,两者间存在显著差异(P=0.02).MGC平扫CT值为(27.00±5.28) HU,低于NGC(36.11±6.56)HU,两者间存在差异(P＜0.000 1).增强后门脉期,MGC以分层强化为主,占75.0％;NGC则以均匀强化为主,占60.4％;2种强化方式之间存在统计学差异(P＜0.000 1).增强之后,动脉期及门脉期MGC强化程度均不及NGC(P＜0.000 1).24例MGC患者中,5例可见增厚的低密度灶中斑点状或簇状钙化,NGC组中未见钙化.在肿瘤部位、淋巴结转移及浆膜侵犯方面,MGC与NGC组间没有明显差异.结论 胃MGC的MSCT表现具有一定的特征性.     

螺旋CT在大肠癌分期诊断中的应用

目的 评估低张水灌肠螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描在大肠癌术前分期中的价值。方法 对30例经纤维结肠镜或手术病理证实的大肠癌患者的低张水灌肠螺旋CT扫描图像进行分析，对其进行ANM分期并与术后病理TNM分期进行比较。结果 本组病例对大肠癌TNM分期的正确率为80％(24／30)，其中对于T分期诊断正确率为80．77％(21／26)，对于N分期诊断正确率为69．23％(18／26)，对于M分期的诊断正确率为96．67％(29／30)。结论 良好的扫描前准备和扫描方法是螺旋CT对大肠癌正确分期诊断的关键，螺旋CT目前是进行大肠癌术前分期的最佳手段，尤其是对于远处转移的诊断具有明显优势，但是对于T分期和N分期的诊断仍有待于进一步提高。     

Perfusion computed tomography in renal cell carcinoma

Various imaging modalities are available for the diagnosis, staging and response evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). While contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) is used as the standard of imaging for size, morphological evaluation and response assessment in RCC, a new functional imaging technique like perfusion CT (pCT), goes down to the molecular level and provides new perspectives in imaging of RCC. pCT depicts regional tumor perfusion and vascular permeability which are indirect parameters of tumor angiogenesis and thereby provides vital information regarding tumor microenvironment. Also response evaluation using pCT may predate the size criteria used in Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, as changes in the perfusion occurs earlier following tissue kinase inhibitors before any actual change in size. This may potentially help in predicting prognosis, better selection of therapy and more accurate and better response evaluation in patients with RCC. This article describes the techniques and role of pCT in staging and response assessment in patients with RCCs.     

多排螺旋CT在胃癌术前TN分期中的应用价值

目的:利用多层螺旋CT(MDCT),前瞻性的对胃癌进行术前TN分期,并与术后病理结果对照,评估其分期的准确性及临床价值。方法:对经胃镜证实的48例胃癌患者,于术前进行MDCT三期动态增强扫描。分别利用CT轴位图像和轴位结合多层面重组(MPR)图像对胃癌进行TN分期,并将CT分期结果与术后病理结果相对照,分期的准确性比较采用McNemar检验,取P<0.05为检验标准。结果:轴位和轴位结合MPR对胃癌病灶的检出率分别为91.6%(44/48)、97.9%(47/48)。轴位和轴位结合MPR对所有患者胃癌胃壁浸润深度(T分期)评估的准确率的分别为72.9%(35/48)、89.5%(43/48),两者之间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.041)。轴位和轴位结合MPR对所有患者转移淋巴结(N分期)评估的准确率的分别为72.9%(35/48)、77.1%(37/48),两者之间差异没有统计学意义(P=0.113)。结论:MDCT能对胃癌术前TN分期做出较准确的评估。MPR能显著改善胃癌T分期的准确率,但不能明显提高N分期的准确率。