关节镜下应用LARS人工韧带同时重建前、后交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下应用LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带(ACL)、后交叉韧带(PCL)同时损伤的方法及疗效. 方法 关节镜下同时重建13例ACL、PCL损伤的患者,重建材料采用LARS人工韧带.术后随访12～36个月,采用国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)韧带标准评价表和Lysholm膝关节功能评分表评估患膝功能,通过KT-1000检查膝关节前后松弛度.结果 术后无膝关节感染发生;均无伸膝受限,屈膝活动度105°～125°,平均117°.术后随访时IKDC评分:A类10例(77%),B类3例(23%).屈膝25°位KT-1000检查:双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异＜2 mm 12例,3～5 mm 1例;屈膝70°位检查:＜2 mm 12例,2～4 mm 1例.术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(63.8 ±2.9)分(49～69分),终末随访时为(91.1±2.7)分(88～95分),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论 关节镜下同时重建膝关节ACL、PCL是目前治疗ACL、PCL同时损伤的一种微创、安全、有效的手术方法,近期疗效佳.     

关节镜下保留残迹的后交叉韧带重建

目的 评估关节镜下保留残迹的膝后交叉韧带(PCL)单束重建的技术和效果.方法 自2004年4月至2006年6月,38例(38膝)患者经临床和关节镜检查证实为PCL功能不全,其中9膝伴后外侧角损伤,6膝伴后内侧角损伤,8膝伴外侧半月板破裂,4膝伴内侧半月板损伤.均于关节镜下行保留残迹和滑膜的PCL单束重建术,采用生物可吸收挤压螺钉解剖位复合固定莺建韧带.结果 本组术后早期均未发生严重并发症.术后随访12-37个月[(20.79±7.92)个月],Lysholm膝关节功能评分由术前40～70分[(51.32±9.84)分],提高至随访时70-100分[(92.37±6.95)分](t=-30.14,P<0.01).国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)标准由术前异常(C级)16例、显著异常(D级)22例,改进为随访时正常(A级)18例、接近正常(B级)18例、异常(C级)2例(Z=-6.00,P<0.01).38例患者中,36例恢复伤前运动水平,2例运动水平较伤前减低.结论 关节镜下保留残迹的PCL单束重建技术可行,治疗效果满意.保留PCL残迹与滑膜可能有利于重建韧带植入物牛物愈合和神经再支配.     

人工韧带联合自体肌腱在前交叉韧带重建失败后翻修手术中应用

目的探讨在前交叉韧带重建失败后,应用LARS新型中空人工韧带联合自体肌腱行翻修手术的可行性及短期临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2015年6月至2016年7月收治的因前交叉韧带重建失败行翻修手术的11例患者的临床资料。11例患者均在关节镜下行翻修手术,采用LARS新型中空人工韧带联合自体肌腱重建前交叉韧带,采用KT-2000检查术前与末次随访时膝关节屈曲30°平均差值,根据国际膝关节评分委员会评分标准(IKDC)、Lysholm及Tegner评分系统对术前及末次随访时患者情况进行评价,探讨其临床疗效。结果本组患者随访6~18个月,平均12个月。末次随访时,膝关节屈曲30°平均差值较术前明显减小[(2.05±0.28)mm比(6.15±0.85)mm],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。末次随访时,IKDC、Tegner及Lysholm评分均较翻修前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 LARS中空人工韧带联合自体肌腱在前交叉韧带重建失败翻修术中是一种可行的移植物选择,术后临床效果改善明显,值得推广。     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建膝前交叉韧带

目的评估关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建膝前交叉韧带(ACL)的技术和效果方法1999年10月-2003年12月共56例患者经关节镜检查证实为ACL断裂,26例伴半月板破裂,7例伴内侧副韧带损伤,12例伴后交叉韧带断裂。均于关节镜下行自体四股腘绳肌腱ACL重建术,采用Bionx生物可吸收挤压螺钉或钛挤压螺钉解剖位固定重建韧带。结果本组术后早期均未发生严重并发症。术后随访6-48个月,平均20个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分由术前45-80分(平均58.36分),提高至随访时70-100分(平均92.77分)(P<0.01)。国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)综合评定由术前异常(C级)14例、显著异常(D级)42例,改进为随访时正常(A级)23例、接近正常(B级)29例、异常(C级)4例(P<0.01)。56例患者中,52例恢复伤前运动水平,4例运动水平较伤前降低。结论关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建膝ACL具有手术损伤较小、术后膝关节功能恢复良好的优点,值得采用。     

关节镜下应用同种异体跟腱双束重建后交叉韧带

目的:探讨应用同种异体跟腱双束重建后交叉韧带(posterior crucial ligament,PCL)的方法并观察其早期效果.方法:2003年3月～2004年8月,对10例PCL受损患者实施关节镜下采用同种异体跟腱双束重建PCL术.其中2例合并前交叉韧带(anterior crucial ligament,ACL)损伤,同期取自体半腱股薄肌腱重建ACL;3例合并半月板后外侧角损伤,同期取自体半腱股薄肌腱重建后外侧角.术后随访6～24个月,平均13.2个月,其中6例获得12个月以上的随访.结果:采用Lysholm评分法评价患者手术前后患膝关节功能,术前平均50.3分,术后平均91.2分.客观检查结果显示,术前所有患者均出现胫骨结节后沉,后抽屉试验及Lachman试验阳性;术后所有患者后抽屉试验及Lachman试验阴性,有3例病史较长(大于1年)的患者胫骨结节有轻度后沉.合并ACL损伤的2例患者,膝关节屈曲活动轻度受限(5°～20°).结论:应用同种异体跟腱双束重建PCL可减少自体取材造成的损伤及相应的并发症;提前制作供材,软腱端容易通过骨道,缩短镜下操作时间,减轻手术创伤.     

LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带早期临床疗效比较

目的:前瞻性对照研究LARS人工韧带与四股自体腘绳肌腱(ST/G)重建前交叉韧带(ACL)手术的早期临床疗效。方法:自2004年8月至2005年6月,前瞻性选择了42例前交叉韧带损伤病例,根据LARS人工韧带使用指征、医生建议和患者意愿,分别选择自体腘绳肌腱或LARS人工韧带作为移植物。其中LARS韧带重建ACL病例23例,两端以挤压螺钉固定;四股自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL病例19例,股骨端Endobutton悬吊固定,胫骨端Intrafix挤压螺钉和Spiked-washer拴桩双重固定。均在术前及术后3个月、6个月、9个月和15个月进行Lysholm、TegnerI、KDC评分。结果:采用LARS人工韧带的病例,在术后9个月的随访期内,三种膝关节功能评分值均显著高于自体腘绳肌腱ACL重建的病例(P<0.05)。结论:应用LARS人工韧带重建ACL较使用自体腘绳肌腱重建术后膝关节功能恢复更快。     

关节镜下内减张技术辅助解剖单束重建后交叉韧带结合快速康复治疗后交叉韧带断裂的临床疗效

目的比较关节镜下内减张技术辅助解剖单束重建后交叉韧带(PCL)结合快速康复与解剖单束重建结合常规康复治疗PCL断裂的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性队列研究分析2016年9月至2020年9月昆明医科大学第一附属医院收治的88例PCL断裂患者的临床资料, 其中男65例, 女23例;年龄18～55岁[(39.3±10.8)岁]。44例采用关节镜下内减张技术辅助解剖单束重建PCL结合快速康复治疗(减张组), 44例采用关节镜下解剖单束重建PCL结合常规康复治疗(传统组)。比较两组术前及术后3, 12, 24个月国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分、美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分、Lysholm评分、膝关节的运动周期(最大步长、最小步长、步频)和膝关节6个运动学指标(前屈后伸角、内外旋角、内外翻角、上下位移、内外位移、前后位移)。比较两组术后12个月二次关节镜检查Marburger关节镜评分(MAS)和敖英芳教授改良评分。观察围术期并发症情况。结果患者均获随访24～36个月[(25.5±6.3)个月]。术后3个月减张组和传统组IKDC评分分别为(71.8±9.8)分、(68.5±6.5)分, 术后12...     

膝关节脱位合并多韧带损伤的手术治疗

目的 介绍膝关节多韧带损伤合并膝关节脱位的手术治疗方法和结果.方法 随访1998-2007年经治的19例关节脱位合并多韧带损伤患者.2001年前韧带损伤采用的是切开韧带修补重建和石膏外固定治疗的方法,2001年后开始应用关节镜技术重建交义韧带,并问时修补内侧副韧带、外侧副韧带及内、外侧复合体损伤.重建材料选择自体或异体肌腱,以界面螺钉固定.观察不同方法修复或重建的术后疗效,用Lysholm膝关节评分来评价手术前后膝关节功能. 结果 19例患者的随访时间为0.5～3.5年,平均1.4年,手术平均等待时间为1.2个月.在最近一次随访中,开放重建患者Lysholm评分平均57分(44～80分),关节镜下重建患者平均71分(54～89分)(P<0.05).关节镜手术组术后关节活动度均超过90°,内外翻试验正常或接近正常,4例患者在屈70°时Laclaman试验阳性,前后总移位达6～10 mm,患者无自觉症状,X线平片显示胫骨隧道扩大,但关节内外间隙对称. 结论 膝关节脱位合并韧带多发损伤应首选关节镜下I期重建;重建材料最好选择异体肌腱或健侧肌腱,以保证移植物强度和防止供区稳定性受影响;术后积极功能锻炼,若发生粘连则在3个月内在关节镜下行粘连松解.     

关节镜下经后侧入路重建后交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下经后内侧、后外侧和后纵隔入路保留板股韧带和残留的后交叉韧带(PCL)纤维重建PCL的临床效果. 方法 对9例PCL损伤患者在关节镜下结合常规关节镜入路和后内侧、后外侧入路及后纵隔入路保留板股韧带和残留的PCL纤维,应用自体腘绳肌腱重建PCL.在后外侧入路的关节镜监视下,胫骨隧道定位在PCL胫骨止点外侧关节面下方1～1.5 cm.股骨隧道经前外侧入路定位于股骨内侧髁关节软骨后方1 cm.自体肌腱移植物利用钢丝引导通过骨隧道,移植物两端用可吸收界面螺钉固定.术后6个月了解膝关节功能恢复情况.结果 9例患者均获随访,时间7～14个月,平均8.6个月.术后6个月,患者均无伸膝受限;2例有10°～15°屈膝受限;1例有Ⅰ度后抽屉试验阳性.Lysholm膝关节功能评分术前(47.6±14.9)分,术后6个月(92.9±4.6)分(P＜0.01). 结论 膝关节后内外侧入路和后纵隔入路重建PCL的方法,镜下视野清楚、无盲区,操作安全,韧带的胫骨止点定位准确,短期疗效肯定.     

Segond骨折合并前交叉韧带损伤的外科治疗

目的 探讨Segond骨折合并前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤的致伤机制、临床特点和外科治疗方法. 方法 选择2008年1月-2010年12月收治的9例Segond 骨折合并ACL损伤的患者,关节镜下均可见ACL断裂及内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)断裂,1例还合并外侧副韧带(lateral collateral ligament,LCL)断裂、内侧半月板损伤,4例合并内侧半月板撕裂,2例合并外侧半月板撕裂.均行关节镜下异体肌腱移植、ACL重建、内侧副韧带修补术.1例同时行LCL重建术,3例行半月板缝合术,4例行半月板成形术.6例Segond骨折块较大,分别以2枚空心拉力螺钉固定,3例骨折块较小,以1枚空心拉力螺钉固定. 结果 平均随访12个月.Lysholm术后评分平均为59分,疗效均满意. 结论 Segond骨折常伴有ACL损伤,前者对后者有很好的提示作用.在重建ACL的同时,对于Segond骨折块较大者应予复位、固定,对于合并的损伤,也应同期手术治疗.     

韧带增强重建系统人工韧带重建前交叉韧带中期疗效分析

目的 评估韧带增强重建系统(ligament advancement reinforcement system,LARS)人工韧带重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)术后3-7年膝关节功能,了解LARS人工韧带在人体组织内的形态变化. 方法 选择符合标准的LARS人工韧带重建ACL患者57例(58膝),根据伤后至手术时间分为急、慢性损伤两组,对其进行多指标回顾性分析.其中对再手术患者(3例4膝)LARS人工韧带取材行组织学观察. 结果 LARS人工韧带重建ACL术后关节功能、膝关节运动水平明显高于术前(P＜0.01);两组间膝关节功能的主观评分及客观评估差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);X线片及MRI显示平均1.5年骨隧道呈不同程度进行性扩大,关节稳定性与骨隧道扩大程度无明显相关性(P＞0.05),胫骨和股骨骨隧道扩大发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).组织学观察可见术后2年有规则排列纤维组织长入LARS人工韧带内,单束及成捆聚酯纤维间见广泛纤维连接. 结论 (1)LARS人工韧带重建ACL能够较好地恢复膝关节稳定性及功能.(2)骨隧道扩大现象存在,1.5年后趋于稳定,关节稳定性与术后骨隧道扩大程度无相关性.(3)急性损伤与慢性损伤术后的各项评估资料对比一致.(4)人体正常纤维组织结构能够规律地长入LARS人工材料.     

Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with Leeds-Keio ligament in non-professional athletes

We report our experience using the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The study relates the results of the first 40 patients subjected to arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL with a Leeds-Keio ligament, with a mean follow-up of 73 months. No associated peripheral procedures were carried out on any patient. The average age of the patients at the time of the operation was 31 years (range 26–35 years). The rehabilitation protocol followed by all patients aimed at resumption of sport 4 months after the operation. Clinical assessment included IKDC and the Lysholm scoring scale. The KT-2000 system was used for instrumented evaluation of joint laxity. All patients underwent a radiographic check-up. Clinically there were 55% excellent or good results when using the IKDC scale, while with the Lysholm score, satisfactory results were obtained in 80%. Complete post-traumatic rupture of the ligament was observed in three patients. No patient suffered an episode of either hydrarthrosis or reactive synovitis, which indicates good tolerance to the ligament. The radiographic evaluation of the operated knees showed a close correlation between the appearance of degenerative phenomena and performance of arthroscopic meniscectomy. The results achieved with the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament 5 years after application, although not completely satisfactory and inferior to those obtained with autologous biological ligaments, should be considered an encouragement to promote new efforts in this interesting research field.     

Experience with the Leeds-Keio artificial ligament for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Artificial anterior ligament reconstruction was very popular between 1975 and 1990. Recently, disappointing results have been published. We reviewed 68 patients who had received an artificial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction 1 year and 5 years after their operation. The Leeds-Keio device was used as a scaffold. The ligament failed in 32 knees. This was arthroscopically confirmed in 20 cases. The other 12 knees were grossly unstable, with a reappearance of pivot shift, anterior drawer sign and high KT 1000. Generally, we found a marked increase in laxity over the period of investigation. Several biopsies were taken during arthroscopic examination of suspected ruptures. They showed lack of collagenisation and ingrowth.     

术中X线透视定位行LARS韧带重建前交叉韧带的临床价值

目的 探讨在LARS韧带重建前交叉韧带(ACL)手术中,关节镜下运用X线透视定位法的操作特点和临床疗效.方法 2006年6月起运用法国LARS韧带治疗急性膝关节ACL断裂36例,男25例,女11例;年龄22～51岁,平均28.3岁.左膝19例,右膝17例.所有患者术前MRI均提示ACL连续信号中断,膝关节Lysholm评分平均52分.操作在关节镜下完成,其中股骨隧道口定位、胫骨隧道口定位主要依靠术中C形臂X线机定位;LARS韧带直径为7.5 mm,空心挤压螺钉直径为8.0 mm.结果 本组患者获9～20个月(平均18个月)随访.36例患者术前Lysholm评分平均为52分;术后12个月平均为92分.本组优23例,良9例,可4例,近期优良率为89%.结论 在关节镜下运用X线透视定位法进行LARS人工韧带重建膝ACL,操作方便,定位准确,手术效果优良.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the operation skills and clinical effects of C-arm fluoroscopy in arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)with the Ligament Advancement Reinforcement System(LARS)artificial ligaments.Methods The study involved 36 patients with acute ACL rupture treated with the LARS artificial ligaments from June 2006.There were 25 males and 11 females,at age range of 22-51 years(average 28.3 years),involving 19 left knees and 17 right knees.The results of preoperative MRI of all patients suggested discontinuation of ACL,with average score of Lysholm on knee joint for 50.The operation was completed under arthroscope.While the locations of the femoral tunnel portal and the tibial tunnel exit were mainly determined by the C-arm fluoroscopy.The diameter of the LARS artificial ligament was 7.5 mm while that of the interference screw 8 mm.Results All 36 patients were followed up for a mean duration of 18 months(9-20 months).The average Lysholm Score was 52 preoperatively and 92 at the 12th week after operation.The clinical results were graded as excellent in 23 patients,good in nine and fair in four according to the Lysholm's classification,with excellence rate of 89%.Conclusions Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with LARS artifical ligament under C-arm fluoroscopy takes advantages of convenient operation,accurate location and satisfactory clinical effect.     

关节镜辅助下LARS人工韧带重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下韧带先进加强系统(ligament advanced reinforcement system,LARS)人工韧带重建内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)治疗复发性髌骨脱位(recurrent dislocation ofpatella,RDP)的临床疗效。方法我院自2007年3月～2008年7月收治了6例RDP(1例为双膝)的患者,术前行X片、CT、MRI了解髌股关节及MPFL情况,术中先用关节镜观察髌股关节的对合关系、运动轨迹及关节软骨情况;用LARS人工韧带重建MPFL;重建后关节镜检查髌股关节对合关系和运动轨迹恢复情况。术后逐步进行膝关节功能锻炼,并用Insall评定标准进行术后评分。结果随访6～24个月,平均13个月,无伤口感染、移植物排斥反应和断裂。按Insall评定标准,优5例,良1例。X片示髌骨复位良好,髌骨无复发性脱位或半脱位。结论关节镜辅助下LARS人工韧带重建MPFL能有效治疗RDP。     

Lateral collateral ligament reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft

We evaluated 13 reconstructions of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee associated with a reconstruction of the ACL (n=6) and PCL (n=7). In all cases the LCL was reconstructed using a semitendinosus tendon graft through a tunnel in the fibular head and fixed in anatomical insertion of LCL at lateral femoral condyle. Patients were evaluated using the IKDC form. Lateral joint opening and posterior tibial translation were studied by radiographic stress views. The follow-up average was of 60 months (38–93). In the ACL group five patient were symptoms free while one reported moderate pain after strenuous activity. The lateral stress radiographs showed lateral joint opening of 0–2 mm in five knees, and 3–5 mm in one. In the PCL group four patients were symptom free while three complained mild to moderate pain or swelling. Lateral joint opening was 0–2 mm in six knees and 3–5 in one. External rotation at 30° of flexion was 10° in one and between 0–5° in the remainder. Eleven of 13 patients returned to their preinjury level and two returned to one level lower. These findings indicate that the LCL can be successfully reconstructed with a free ST graft at the time of ACL or PCL reconstruction.     

Revision of failed gore-tex anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The Gore-Tex synthetic knee ligament was widely used in the early 1980s because of encouraging early results. However, the long-term failure rate is unfavorable. Gore-Tex failures are divided into four categories: effusion, graft rupture, loosening/ osteolysis, and infection. Revision surgery is challenging and requires a systematic approach to achieve optimal results.     

Positioning of the posterior cruciate ligament

The isometric position in ligament reconstruction is the one in which there is little or no change in the length of the graft with range of motion of the joint. It varies according to the positions of the tunnels that will become the attachment sites of whatever graft is being used. Better understanding of this concept that greatly improved the surgical results of intra-articular reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament. Unfortunately, the results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstructions have lagged behind. A better understanding of the isometry of the PCL and how it relates to the positioning of a graft at the time of reconstruction should help improve the situation. The current scientific studies on the PCL as they relate to isometry are evaluated and summarised in this paper. The tibial isometric point was universally less sensitive to changes in position than was the femoral isometric point. However, all the points that were evaluated for the tibia fell within the normal insertion area of the PCL. This has important ramifications when extrapolating these laboratory studies to the operating room, where it is imperative to get the tibial tunnel or attachment site distal enough on the tibia so that it will be in the usual anatomic location of the PCL. There is less uniformity when it comes to the femoral isometric point, but once again the isometric point from each of the studies fell within the normal anatomic femoral attachment site. The differences between the selected points may be explained by the different study designs.