rt-PA动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)动脉内溶栓(IAT)治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及并发症，分析预后相关因素。方法对12例发病后20h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行IAT治疗。血管再通程度根据“急性心肌梗死溶栓标准”(TIMI)分类。临床结果评价在溶栓后20d进行，根据改良的Rank分数(MRS)分为良好(MRS0～3)、不良(MRS4～6)两类。结果溶栓前1例为TIMI1，11例为TIMI0。溶栓后9例闭塞血管部分／完全再通，3例未再通。8例患者结果良好；4例不良结果；其中2例死亡。发生症状性脑出血1例，经治疗恢复良好。结论rt-PA用于急性脑梗死动脉溶栓，是安全可行的。     

动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的长期疗效

目的 :评价动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的长期疗效及并发症。材料和方法 :对 14例发病在 6h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行颈动脉灌注治疗。血管再通程度根据TIMI分类。临床结果评价在溶栓后 3 0d进行 ,根据ModifiedRankScore (MRS)分为好结果 (MRS 0～Ⅲ )、差结果 (MRSⅣ～Ⅵ )两类。结果 :7例患者为TIMI 0～Ⅰ ,溶栓后 6例患者部分 /完全再通 ,1例未再通 ;另 7例患者为TIMIⅡ ,溶栓后除 1例外均完全再通。溶栓后 3 0d ,14患者中 12例为好结果 ,2例死亡 ,其中 1例死于脑出血。经平均 18个月的随访 (0 .5～ 2a) 12例生存患者均为好结果。结论 :动脉溶栓对发病 6h内的急性缺血性脑梗死是可行安全的 ,能明显降低死亡率和改善预后。对溶栓前脑动脉未完全闭塞患者长期效果尤佳。     

尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死7例

目的：观察动脉内溶栓（IAT）治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的疗效及并发症。方法：对7例发病在6．5h内的急性缺血性脑梗死病人行IAT治疗。根据全国第四届脑血管病会议修订的疗效标准评定。临床疗效评价在溶栓后30d进行。结果：7例病人溶栓后5例部分／完全再通，2例未通，临床治愈2例，显效4例，有效1例，发生症状性脑出血1例，经治疗恢复良好。结论：急诊动脉内溶栓是安全可行的，是卒中早期的理想治疗。     

动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

目的　观察动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的临床效果 ,并分析影响预后的因素。方法　对 32例发病在 2～ 2 0h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者进行动脉内溶栓治疗。尿激酶平均用量 6 5万U。患者病情在入院时由神经科医师以美国国立卫生研究院卒中分数 (NIHSS)综合评分。临床结果评价在溶栓后 3个月进行 ,按改良的Rakin分数 (MRS)分为好结果 (MRS 0～ 3)、差结果 (MRS 4～ 6 )两类。结果　灌注溶栓治疗后脑血管造影复查 ,闭塞血管再通率达 6 2 .5 % ,其中闭塞时间 6h内的 1 4例中 ,部分或完全再通 1 3例 ,闭塞时间在 6～ 2 0h的 1 8例中 ,部分或完全再通 7例。 2 0例患者 (6 2 .5 % )为好结果 ,1 2例 (37.5 % )为差结果 ,其中 2例死亡。 2例 (6 .2 5 % )发生症状性脑出血。良好的预后与入院时NIHSS评分 <2 0 (P <0 .0 1 )及血管再通 (P <0 .0 2 5 )密切相关 ,而血管再通又与开始溶栓时间 <6h有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死是一种安全有效的方法 ,可使大部分患者闭塞动脉再通 ,提高临床治疗效果。血管闭塞时间越短 ,疗效越佳     

急性缺血性脑梗死动脉介入溶栓治疗临床疗效观察

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑梗死经动脉溶栓的治疗效果。方法 采用尿激酶(UK)对19例急性缺血性脑梗死病人行动脉溶栓治疗，并行临床疗效判定及DSA再通判定。结果 19例患者中临床总有效率为89．5％，DSA再通率为89．5％，有些病人即使闭塞血管未完全再通但临床症状和体征也有好转。1例溶栓中引发脑出血，在短时间内吸收。结论 动脉溶栓是安全、有效的方法，但需注意治疗的个体化和预防并发症。     

急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓治疗疗效观察

目的观察急性脑梗死患者行脑动脉内溶栓治疗的临床疗效。方法26例临床及头颅CT诊断为急性脑梗死患者用尿激酶行经动脉介入溶栓治疗(IATT)，治疗前后均作脑血管造影、复查CT及神经功能缺损评分。结果3例造影未见血管闭塞，23例患者即刻完全再通7例，部分再通11例，再通率78e。结论动脉溶栓疗法使84％的患者在15d内神经功能缺损得到改善，脑动脉内溶栓治疗是治疗急性脑梗死有效的方法之一。     

急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死的局部动脉溶栓治疗

目的　检验局部注射尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死的安全性和疗效。方法　分析 5 4例接受局部动脉溶栓治疗的颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死患者 ,其中颈内动脉主干闭塞 3例(5 .6 %) ,大脑中动脉主干及分支闭塞 46例 (85 .2 %) ,大脑前动脉闭塞 5例 (9.2 %)。结果　预后好的患者共有 41例 (75 .9%) ,血管再通程度 >5 0 %39例 (72 .2 %) ,再通程度 <5 0 %的 15例 (2 7.8%)。颅内出血率为 2 0 .4%,病死率为 7.4%。结论　局部动脉溶栓是一种有效的治疗方法 ,可以提高血管再通率 ,改善脑梗死患者的预后。     

急性脑梗死患者超选择性局部动脉溶栓治疗

目的　观察超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的安全性和疗效。方法　分析 6 1例超选择性局部动脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者 ,其中颈内动脉主干闭塞的 4例 (6 .6 % ) ,大脑中动脉主干及分支闭塞 4 8例 (78.7% ) ,大脑前动脉闭塞 5例 (8.2 % ) ,椎基底动脉闭塞 4例 (6 .6 % )。结果　预后好的患者共有 4 6例 (75 .4 % ) ,血管再通程度 >5 0 %的 4 4例 (72 .1% ) ,再通程度 <5 0 %的 17例 (2 7.9% )。颅内出血率 19.6 % ,病死率 6 .6 %。结论　超选择性局部动脉溶栓是一种有效的治疗方法 ,它可以提高血管再通率 ,改善脑梗死患者的预后。     

rt-PA和尿激酶溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床前瞻性研究

目的比较重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA）和尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法分别采用rt-PA和尿激酶对63例急性脑梗死患者进行动脉溶栓,分析评价其临床疗效及不良反应。结果 63例脑梗死均为颈内动脉系统闭塞,动脉溶栓后,两组患者血管再通率、临床显效率和脑水肿的发生率比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）;rt-PA组颅内出血发生率11.1%明显小于尿激酶组39.4%（P〈0.05）。结论 rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的安全性优于尿激酶,临床疗效及再通率与尿激酶相似。     

急性缺血性脑梗死动脉内溶栓临床疗效评价

目的评价尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法对162例急性缺血性脑梗死患者应用尿激酶进行局部动脉内溶栓治疗,分析不同阻塞血管部位血管再通率和3个月后格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)之间的关系。结果脑血管造影发现血管闭塞162例,其中颈内动脉系统闭塞119例(73.5%):颈内动脉(ICA)主干闭塞27例(16.7%),大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞63例(38.9%),大脑前动脉(ACA)闭塞29例(17.9%);椎基底动脉(VBA)闭塞43例(26.5%)。溶栓后再通分别为11例,40.7%;49例,77.8%;20例,68.9%和23例53.5%。治疗后3个月恢复良好者90例(55.6%),预后差72例(44.4%)。颅内出血8例(4.9%);再灌注损伤73例(45.1%);再栓塞6例(3.1%)。分析后认为ICA主干、VBA动脉再通率较低,预后差;MCA、ACA再通率高,预后好;开始治疗时间血管再通率和临床疗效相关(相关系数r=0.86)。结论局部动脉溶栓可以明显改善脑梗死患者的预后;预后和开始治疗的时间、血管再通有相关性,大脑中、前动脉血管再通率高,预后较好;颈内动脉主干血管阻塞很难再通;椎基底动脉血管再通后症状有所改善;血管不能再通或并发脑出血预后较差。     

Intraarterial thrombolysis for treatment of acute stroke: experience in 26 patients with long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Since the approval of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke, great interest has been generated in cerebral fibrinolysis. Our purpose was to assess long-term outcome and hemorrhagic risk in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke treated with intraarterial urokinase. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were treated within 6 hours of ictus; of these, 21 were followed up for an average of 23 months. Angiographic reperfusion was classified according to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grades. The Rankin Scale (RS) and the modified Barthel Index (mod BI) were used as outcome measures (good outcome: RS = 0-2, mod BI = 16-20; poor outcome: RS = 3-5, mod BI < or = 15). RESULTS: Ten of the 21 patients (average age, 48 years) had a good outcome; three (average age, 71 years) had a poor outcome; eight patients (average age, 78 years) died. Partial/complete (successful) recanalization was observed in 11 of 26 patients and minimal or no (unsuccessful) recanalization in 15. Recanalization favored a better outcome: nine of 21 had successful recanalization, with a good outcome in seven; 12 of 21 had unsuccessful reperfusion, with poor outcome/death in nine. Poor outcome was noted in five patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation occlusions, four of whom had unsuccessful recanalization and poor outcome or death. Hemorrhage occurred in 10 of the 26 patients, with clinical deterioration in three. The average dose of urokinase was higher in the hemorrhage group, and mortality was higher in patients who hemorrhaged. CONCLUSION: Intraarterial thrombolysis is feasible in the setting of acute stroke. Successful reperfusion is associated with a better outcome, and the prevalence of hemorrhage does not exceed that which occurs in the natural history of embolic stroke. Poor outcome or death is associated with nonrecanalization, older age, hemorrhage, and ICA bifurcation occlusions.     

Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intravenous use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) in acute ischemic stroke has been investigated in three large trials. Limited series have reflected outcome after local intraarterial thrombolysis (LIT) in the cerebral territory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis using rTPA (actilyse) for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Forty-five patients with acute onset of severe hemispheric stroke and without signs of major cerebral infarction on early CT scans were randomized by order of admission. Twelve patients were treated with 50 mg actilyse (maximal dose, 0.7 mg/kg); three had occlusion of the internal carotid artery and nine had occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Thrombolysis was started by LIT and continued intravenously within 6 hours of stroke onset. Outcome, assessed after 1 and 12 months according to the modified Rankin scale (MRS), was considered good (MRS score, 0-3) for patients who were functionally independent and poor (MRS score, 4-5) for those who were dependent or had died. RESULTS: In the thrombolysis group, outcome was good in eight patients at 1 month and in 10 patients at 12 months; in the control group, outcome was good in seven (21%) and 11 (33%) patients, respectively. Of the eight patients with a good outcome after thrombolysis, four had complete and one had partial recanalization. In the control group, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage was 6%. Mortality at 1 month in the thrombolysis and control groups was 17% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose rTPA may be a safe and effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours in carefully selected patients.     

动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死时间窗选择与疗效分析

目的 探讨动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的时间窗选择与疗效的关系.资料与方法 245例脑梗死均在CT检查及血管造影基础上接受选择性动脉内接触性溶栓治疗,其中在发病后6 h以内溶栓者56例,6～24 h溶栓者189例.分析两组患者的血管再通率和90天预后.结果 脑血管造影发现颈内动脉(ICA)系统闭塞173例,椎基底动脉(VBA)系统闭塞72例;溶栓后ICA系统再通113例,VBA系统再通37例.治疗后90天预后好者180例,预后差者65例.溶栓后颅内出血12例.6 h内组和6～24 h组患者血管内溶栓治疗后90天预后良好率分别为80.35 %(45/56)和71.43 %(135/189),血管再通率分别为66.07%(37/56)和59.79%(113/189),血管再通中位时间分别为67 min和73 min.结论 动脉内接触性溶栓可以明显改善脑梗死患者的预后,仅以发病时间不超过6 h作为动脉内溶栓治疗标准不够全面,应当根据病情适当放宽动脉内溶栓的时间窗.     

Internal carotid artery stent implantation in 25 patients with acute stroke: preliminary results

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the outcome for patients with acute ischemic stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) who had undergone stent implantation in the proximal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in addition to intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stent implantation and retrospective analysis of clinical and radiologic data were approved by the institutional ethical committee. Endovascular treatment was performed after obtaining informed consent from patients or their closest relatives. Informed consent for retrospective review was not required. After pharmacologic and/or mechanical IAT, 25 consecutive patients (seven women, 18 men; mean age, 59 years +/- 14 [standard deviation]) underwent stent implantation in the proximal segment of the ICA (endovascular group). The clinical and radiologic characteristics (ie, interval from symptom onset to arrival at the emergency department, prevalence of vascular risk factors, causes of stroke, stroke severity, early signs of cerebral ischemia, duration of endovascular intervention, type of occlusion, and prevalence of leptomeningeal collateral vessels), recanalization rates, and clinical outcomes for patients in the endovascular group were compared with those for patients in the medical group (10 women, 21 men; mean age, 62 years +/- 12) who experienced ischemic stroke in the territory of the MCA as a result of ICA occlusion and who received antithrombotic treatment only. Differences between groups were assessed by using the chi2 test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of clinical and radiologic factors on recanalization rates and outcome. RESULTS: ICA recanalization was successful in 21 patients. Good recanalization of the MCA was achieved in 11 patients. In nine of these patients, recanalization of the MCA was achieved by using mechanical IAT only. In the remaining 12 patients, administration of intraarterial urokinase was performed in addition to mechanical thrombolysis. Two patients from the endovascular group experienced symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. At 3 months, 56% of the endovascular group and 26% of the medical group had a favorable outcome. Mortality was 20% in the endovascular and 16% in the medical group. CONCLUSION: IAT and stent implantation in the proximal segment of the ICA seem to improve the outcome for patients with ischemic stroke caused by occlusion of the cervical portion of the ICA.     

Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (tirofiban) followed by intra-arterial urokinase and mechanical thrombolysis in stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate preliminarily the efficacy and safety of intravenous tirofiban combined with intra-arterial pharmacologic and mechanical thrombolysis in patients with stroke. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with an acute ischemic stroke due to major cerebral arteries occlusion and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score > or = 18 were treated with an intravenous bolus of tirofiban and heparin followed by intra-arterial administration of urokinase coupled with mechanical thrombolysis. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had an anterior circulation stroke (T-siphon internal carotid artery [ICA] = 7; middle cerebral artery [MCA] = 6), 6 patients a posterior circulation stroke, and 2 patients an anterior plus posterior circulation stroke (left ICA or M1 tract of MCA plus basilar artery occlusions). Mean NIHSS score on admission was 21 (range, 18-27). Immediate recanalization was successful (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] 2-3) in 17 of 21 patients. The following day, 14 of 19 patients improved substantially and complete vessel patency (TIMI 3-4) was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. Intracranial bleeding occurred in 5 of 21 patients (3 symptomatic cerebral hemorrhages and 2 subarachnoid hemorrhages) and was fatal in the case of 3 patients. At discharge, the mean NIHSS was 5.4 (range, 0-25). Overall, at 3-month follow-up the functional outcome was favorable (modified Rankin Scale score = 0-2) in 13 of 21 (62%) patients. Death (including all causes) at 90 days occurred in 6 of 21 (28%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of intravenous tirofiban with intra-arterial urokinase and mechanical thrombolysis may be successful in reestablishing vessel patency and result in a good functional outcome in patients with major cerebral arteries occlusions.     

急性脑梗塞动脉内溶栓治疗时间窗选择与疗效分析

目的探讨急性脑梗塞动脉内溶栓治疗时间及梗塞部位等因素对疗效的影响。方法288例脑梗塞患者均在CT检查及血管造影基础上接受选择性动脉溶栓治疗,其中在6h以内溶栓者76例,6~24h溶栓者212例。统计2组患者的血管再通率和90d后预后情况。结果脑血管造影发现血管闭塞245例,其中颈内动脉系统闭塞173例,椎基底动脉(VBA)闭塞72例;溶栓后再通分别为112例、38例。治疗后90d恢复良好者180例,预后差108例。颅内出血2例。不同治疗时间2组患者治疗后90d预后良好率分别为80.35%和71.43%,血管再通率分别为67.86%和59.26%,血管再通中位时间分别为68min和73min。结论动脉溶栓治疗脑梗塞,动脉内溶栓时间窗与多种因素密切相关。     

Intra-arterial reteplase compared to urokinase for thrombolytic recanalization in acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reteplase (RP) and urokinase (UK) are being used "off-label" to treat acute ischemic stroke. The safety and efficacy of intra-arterial RP or UK in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, however, has yet to be proved. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RP compared with UK in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted of cases from a prospectively collected stroke data base on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion by digital subtraction angiography treated with intra-arterial RP or UK. Thrombolytic dosage, recanalization rate, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), mortality, and outcome were determined. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients received RP and 22 received UK (mean doses, 2.5 +/- 1.4 mg and 690,000 +/- 562,000 U, respectively). Vascular occlusions included 9 basilar arteries (BAs), 7 internal carotid arteries (ICAs), and 17 middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) with RP and 9 BAs, 4 ICAs, and 9 MCAs with UK. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scales were as follows: 16 (range, 5-25; 81% > or = 10) with RP and 17 (range, 6-38; 85% > or =10) with UK. Mean time from symptom onset to thrombolytic initiation: 333 +/- 230 minutes with RP and 343 +/- 169 minutes with UK. Recanalization rates were as follows: 82% with RP and 64% with UK (P = .13). Symptomatic ICH rates were as follows: 12% with RP and 4.5% with UK (P = .50). The mortality rate was 24% with RP and 27% with UK (P = .8). CONCLUSION: Although limited in statistical power, our study suggests that, although IA thrombolysis with RP shows a trend for higher recanalization rates and hemorrhage rates, IA thrombolysis with RP is not significantly different in recanalization, outcome, mortality, and ICH compared with that of UK or rates reported with IA pro-UK.     

Adjuvant revascularization of intracranial artery occlusion with angioplasty and/or stenting

INTRODUCTION: In conjunction with intravenous and/or intra-arterial thrombolysis, adjuvant revascularization of intracranial artery occlusion by angioplasty vs. stenting remains controversial. We evaluated outcome in patients with intracranial occlusion after angioplasty and/or stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients who underwent angioplasty or stenting (17 stenting and 16 angioplasty) for intracranial arterial occlusion during the past 5 years were enrolled from prospective neurointerventional database. We compared recanalization rate [defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade II/III flow], adverse events, and clinical outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 1 and 6 months]. We also tried to determine independent variables associated with clinical outcome. RESULTS: Median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 13 and median time to treatment was 12 h from symptom onset. The successful recanalization rate was mean 79%. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 15% (5/33). Events (27%, 9/33) at 1 month included four deaths, four major, and one minor stroke. Good outcome (mRS 相似文献