左心室心肌致密化不全的MRI诊断及与过度小梁化的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨MRI对左心室心肌致密化不全(LVNC)的诊断及与过度小梁化的鉴别诊断价值.方法 利用心脏MR检查,采用不同成像序列对25例LVNC、39例扩张型心肌病(DCM)、16例主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)、15例主动脉瓣关闭不全(AR)、19例高血压患者(HT)和22名正常人进行扫描,将左心室划分为17节段,采用方差分析对左心房及心室径线、左心功能及小梁化节段数目、程度进行统计学分析.结果 心脏MRI显示LVNC患者小梁化的节段最多为(10±2)段.所有LVNC患者的心尖段(第17节段)均受累,而其他组心尖段很少受累;其他易受累节段在所有受检者中分布大致相似,即侧壁中远段(第16、12、11节段)是最常见的受累节段,而室间隔近中段(第2、3、8、9节段)均未见受累.致密化不全心肌厚度与致密化心肌厚度比值(NC/C)在LVNC患者最高(3.3±0.6),与其他各组(AS:1.0±0.3,AR:1.0±O.3,HT:0.8±0.1,正常人:0.9±0.2)差异有统计学意义(F=169.62,P<0.05).通过ROC曲线分析,左心室舒张期NC/C比值>2.5能够鉴别LVNC与DCM,其敏感性为96.O%(24/25),特异性为94.9%(37/39).在25例LVNC患者中NC/C比值>2.5的节段数为4.0 ±2.0,而39例DCM患者中仅8例患者各有1个节段NC/C比值>2.5.结论 MRI是诊断LVNC和鉴别过度小梁化的一个理想方法,诊断LVNC应满足左心室心尖段明显呈致密化不全改变及游离壁中2个或2个以上节段舒张期NC/C比值>2.5.     

孤立性左室心肌致密化不全的诊断及治疗研究进展

孤立性左室心肌致密化不全(left ventricular noncompaction,LVNC)是一种以粗大的左室肌小梁和深的小梁间隙、隐窝或窦状隙存在并与心腔相通为特征的一种遗传性心肌病。临床常以进行性左心功能衰竭、室性心律失常和左心室血栓形成、体循环栓塞等为主要表现。心电图以非特异性ST-T改变、室性早搏以及左束支传导阻滞为主要特征。LVNC的诊断经历了一个从单纯形态学诊断到基因诊断的认知过程。本文综述了LVNC的发病机制、诊断和治疗的研究进展,这对统一LVNC的诊断标准,指导临床治疗有重要意义。     

基于标准心血管MR成像的长轴应力和心肌收缩分数在非缺血性扩张型心肌病中的诊断及预测价值

<正>摘要目的对比分析已有的功能指标和基于标准心血管MR影像的2个新增功能指标在非缺血性扩张型心肌病(NIDCM)中的诊断和预测价值。材料与方法本研究获得伦理委员会批准。回顾性分析2005—2013年间行MR检查的453例NIDCM病人及150名健康对照者资料。心肌收缩分数(MCF)等于左心室(LV)每搏输出量除以LV心肌容积;在收缩末期及舒张末期分别测量心尖部心外膜下至二尖瓣2     

首次血液透析治疗病人心肌病的心血管MRI特征

正摘要目的血液透析(HD)病人中,心肌病是增加心血管死亡率的关键因素。本研究目的在于通过分析近期血液透析病人的心血管MR(CMR)标记影像评价其心血管功能障碍。方法纳入54例血液透析病人和29例性别和年龄与之匹配的无肾脏疾病对照组。分别测量左心室(LV)质量、体积、射血分数(EF)、向心性重构、心肌收缩圆周峰值应变(PSS)、     

左心室心肌致密化不全的MRI诊断

目的探讨左心室心肌致密化不全（LVNC）的MRI诊断价值。方法回顾分析5例经临床及影像证实的左心室心肌致密化不全病例,并结合临床资料进行分析,利用MRI的多方位成像观察左心室心肌结构、心室形态、内径及收缩舒张功能。结果心脏MRI显示在5例LVNC患者中舒张期均可见多条粗大的肌小梁和深陷的隐窝,左心室舒张末期致密化不全心肌厚度与致密化心肌厚度比率（NC／C）〉2．3,最高3．3,最低2．5,LVNC患者的心尖段及相邻游离壁受累,5例均有不同程度室壁运动减低。结论心脏MRI有益于正确地识别这种罕见的先天性心脏的疾病,并能够提高诊断的准确性。     

延迟增强CT评估肥厚型心肌病心肌纤维化的意义

目的以心脏MRI作为参照标准,评估双源CT在诊断肥厚型心肌病心肌延迟强化和左心室壁厚度的诊断准确性。资料与方法选取80例经临床诊断确诊为肥厚型心肌病患者,所有患者行双源CT动脉期、延迟期扫描及心脏MRI形态和延迟增强检查。根据美国心脏病协会17节段分析方法,左心室室壁厚度、延迟强化的位置得到确认,分析2种检查诊断心肌延迟强化的相关性。结果 80例患者共1360个心肌节段进行评估,CT与MRI测量的左心室室壁平均厚度间呈显著相关(r=0.88,P<0.01)。延迟增强检查证实CT与MRI在检出心肌纤维化病灶方面一致性较好(患者74例,Kappa=0.751,P<0.05;心肌节段1238个节段,Kappa=0.746,P<0.01)。CT与MRI测量的延迟强化病灶体积呈良好的相关性(r=0.89,P<0.01),但CT图像低估纤维化病灶范围。Bland-Altman分析显示,CT和MRI在测量延迟强化病灶容积的差异,平均标准差为2.71%。结论心脏CT检查可以提供关于心肌和冠状动脉的综合信息,延迟增强CT可作为评估心肌纤维化的检查方法,是诊断肥厚型心肌病潜在的有效诊断方法。     

心脏磁共振分形分析评估肥厚型心肌病心肌小梁特征的初步研究

目的 探讨心脏磁共振分形分析技术评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)左心室心肌小梁复杂性的可行性,研究小梁复杂性与左心室心功能的关系。资料与方法 回顾性分析2020年8月—2022年12月南昌大学第二附属医院收治的80例HCM患者和80名志愿者(对照组)。测量HCM组与对照组心功能参数及左心室心肌小梁分形维数(FD),比较两组左心室整体FD、最大基底FD、最大心尖FD的差异,采用受试者工作特征曲线评价FDs诊断HCM的效能,分析FDs与左心结构及功能参数的相关性。结果 HCM组左心室整体FD高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(1.303±0.047比1.229±0.026;t=12.387,P<0.001)。左心室整体FD鉴别HCM与对照组的诊断效能最佳,以1.251为诊断HCM的最佳截断值时,曲线下面积为0.933(95%CI0.896～0.969)。左心室整体FD与最大室壁厚度及心肌质量指数呈正相关(r=0.686、0.687,P<0.001),平均心尖FD与左心室射血分数呈正相关(r=0.520,P<0.001)。结论 心脏磁共振分形分析技术得到的FD对诊断HCM有明确价值,并...     

心脏磁共振延迟强化对尿毒症心肌病的应用初探

目的分析尿毒症患者心脏磁共振(CMR)心肌延迟强化的特征,探讨MRI增强检查对尿毒症心肌病的意义和价值。资料与方法 40例尿毒症患者、10例心肌梗死患者及5例肥厚性心肌病患者分别接受CMR增强检查,分析不同患者延迟强化心肌的特点。结果 CMR延迟增强检查,尿毒症与肥厚性心肌病组与心肌梗死组的延迟强化心肌平均信号强度指数、最大层面延迟强化心肌面积有明显差异(P<0.001)。结论 CMR延迟增强检查尿毒症患者异常强化心肌特点:延迟强化心肌分布在左心室室壁中部,呈局灶性小斑片状,且轻度强化改变,这与肥厚性心肌病有所类似。     

儿童心肌病的磁共振特征

目的:分析儿童心肌病磁共振的临床影像学特点.方法:回顾性搜集我院64例临床诊断儿童心肌病患者,其中心内膜弹力纤维增生症(EFE)26例,肥厚型心肌病(HCM)14例,扩张型心肌病(DCM) 16例,限制型心肌病(RCM)4例,致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)2例,心肌致密化不全(NVM)2例.采用1.5T磁共振扫描,不能配合的患儿用0.5 mL/kg水合氯醛镇静.所有患儿行黑血快速自旋回波(TSE)、亮血平衡稳态自由进动梯度回波(balanced SSFP)电影,26例行快速自旋回波心肌延迟增强,28例行相位敏感反转恢复(PSIR)心肌延迟增强扫描.结果:26例EFE均有左室心腔扩大,9例伴心肌变薄;16例心肌收缩运动幅度减低;左房增大7例;左室肌小梁增多增厚13例;瓣膜返流18例;心包积液7例,胸腔积液4例.14例HCM共有66个左室节段心肌增厚,室间隔的增厚14例,共累及45个节段,左室游离壁增厚12例,共累及21个节段.1例右室心尖部受累.左室内乳头肌异常4例.左室肌小梁增多增厚6例.16例DCM均有心腔扩大,左室心肌变薄,左房左室同时显著增大12例,8例为全心增大,仅左室增大2例.13例患者心室壁收缩运动幅度均明显减低.左室游离壁肌小梁增粗增厚11例.瓣膜返流13例.心包积液9例,胸腔积液7例.4例RCM,均为双心室受累,舒张运动受限,心室腔大小正常,双侧心房明显扩张,6例瓣膜返流.下腔静脉扩张4例.心包积液3例.2例ARVC,MRI均可见右室流出道扩张,局部室壁变薄,“手风琴征”阳性.2例NVM,左室心内膜及肌小梁明显增厚,交叉呈网,相邻心肌变薄,NC/C约3.1～7.5.6例延迟强化,HCM 1例,EFE 2例,DCM 3例.结论:儿童心肌病的临床表现多样化,多伴有心功能异常,磁共振影像学表现有一定的特点,两者密切结合可以作出诊断.     

心脏磁共振成像在左心室肥厚病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨对比增强心血管磁共振成像(CE-CMR)在肥厚型心肌病、高血压及主动脉瓣狭窄性心脏病、心肌淀粉样变性及扩张型心肌病失代偿期鉴别诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析2010年1月～2016年5月收治56例左室肥厚患者的MRI表现,所有病例均行CE-CMR检查,定量测量各节段舒张末期室壁厚度,观察心肌延迟强化的部位、程度及范围。结果 36例肥厚型心肌病,其中27例表现为非对称性左室肥厚,9例表现为对称性左室肥厚;20例高血压及主动脉瓣狭窄性心脏病、心肌淀粉样变性及扩张型心肌病失代偿期均表现为左室壁弥漫性增厚。延迟增强MRI 36例肥厚性心肌病组共有28例患者可见左心室壁延迟强化,其中25例为局限右心室游离壁与室间隔的连接处、或心室最厚处的斑片状强化;13例高血压及主动脉瓣狭窄组有6例可见左心室壁斑片状延迟强化;6例心脏淀粉样变性组均有左心室壁弥漫延迟强化;1例扩张性心肌病失代偿期表现为室壁间条片状强化。结论对比增强心血管磁共振成像能够为左室肥厚病变提供有价值的资料,钆对比剂延迟强化能够为病变提供有效的鉴别诊断信息。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展