强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节CT诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节CT表现,协助临床评估病变程度,以提高AS的早期诊断。方法对65例强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的病例进行CT扫描。其中男52例,女13例,年龄16~52岁,平均23.6岁。结果65例强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节CT表现的患者中,Ⅰ级11例(16.9%),Ⅱ级22例(33.8%),Ⅲ级24例(36.9%),Ⅳ级8例(12.3%)。骶髂关节双侧同时受累54例(83.1%),单侧受累11例(16.9%)。早期CT表现为关节面毛糙、关节面皮质中断、皮质白线消失,软骨下骨质微小侵蚀、囊变,关节面轻度硬化,但关节间隙正常。进展期CT主要表现为关节面不光整、局部骨皮质呈锯齿状或波浪状改变,软骨下骨质囊状破坏,局部骨质硬化明显,关节间隙增宽。稳定期CT主要表现为关节骨性强直,关节间隙消失。结论骶髂关节CT检查有利于AS的早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节CT诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的CT表现,以提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾分析50例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点,其中男37例,女13例,平均年龄40.0岁。结果 50例强直性脊柱炎患者,早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)10例(20%),CT表现为骶髂关节面毛糙、模糊,关节面下骨质粗线状增生、硬化,局部少许小囊状侵蚀及骨质疏松。进展期(Ⅲ级)31例(62%),CT主要表现为关节面边缘不光整,呈锯齿状改变,关节面下骨质囊状破坏,其周围见斑片状、条状骨质增生硬化及斑片状骨质疏松,关节间隙宽窄不等,局部可见桥状相连、斑点状及线状钙化。稳定期(Ⅳ级)9例(18%),CT主要表现为关节面模糊不清,关节间隙消失融合,出现骨性强直。结论骶髂关节CT检查有利于AS的早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节的CT诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者骶髂关节病变的CT表现,并评价其对早期诊断的意义。方法对46例经临床证实AS患者骶髂天节病变的CT表现进行了回顾性分析,并参照修订的AS纽约标准（5级分类法）对全部患者的骶髂关节病变进行了分级。结果研究证实,本组46例均有异常CT表现。其中,Ⅱ级（早期,7例）CT表现为骶髂关节受累,关节面轻度硬化、毛糙,皮质白线消失,关节面细小囊变,但关节间隙仍正常;Ⅲ级（进展期,35例）CT表现为骶髂关节面呈虫蚀状侵蚀,软骨钙化,关节面骨质增生硬化,关节间隙略增宽或不均匀变窄;Ⅳ级（晚期,4例）CT表现为关节骨性强直,关节间隙消失。结论CT能清晰显示骶髂关节的微细结构及其病理改变,极有利于诊断AS患者早期骶髂关节病变。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的CT表现

目的:提高对强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的认识.材料和方法:回顾性分析12例经临床诊断及治疗的强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的CT表现.结果:CT表现为股骨头骨质疏松内密度不均(n=6).股骨头及髋臼虫蚀状骨质破坏,(n=7).股骨头及髋臼关节面下囊变 (n=6).髋臼及股骨头边缘明显硬化,骨赘形成(n=6).髋关节间隙狭窄(n=9).关节面及关节间隙模糊(n=2).结论:强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变出现常早于骶髂关节,并且是首发征象,它多发病于青年男性,CT可提供较早及确切的诊断信息.     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现分析

目的:探讨MSCT扫描在强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变诊断中的临床意义。方法:88例临床诊断为AS患者行骶髂关节MSCT扫描,观察骶髂关节病变的CT表现。结果:88例CT均表现为累及骶髂关节的髂骨侧,82例双侧骶髂关节受累,6例单侧骶髂关节受累。0级0例;Ⅰ级12例,占13.6%;Ⅱ级20例,占22.7%;Ⅲ级31例,占35.2%;Ⅳ级25例,占28.4%。结论:MSCT是AS骶髂关节病变诊断与鉴别诊断的重要工具,CT分级在临床中有重要意义。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现

目的：通过对40例强直性脊柱炎（AS）骶髂关节CT扫描，以提高其鉴别诊断水平。方法：分析40例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点。结果：骶髂关节早期CT表现为关节间隙正常，骨性关节面侵蚀破坏，基本呈对称性，关节面骨皮质毛糙不整，局限性微小皮质破坏或局限性硬化：进展期为双侧骶髂关节面广泛骨皮质破坏，呈锯齿状或毛刷状，局部骨质硬化明显，关节间隙不规则变窄或增宽：晚期为关节骨性强直和普遍性骨质疏松。骶髂关节韧带部也可发生骨侵蚀和囊变；结论：AS骶髂关节的CT表现特点，有助于临床的早期诊断，提高诊断准确率。     

强直性脊柱炎的X线平片和CT诊断

目的:提高X线平片和CT诊断强直性脊柱炎(AS)的水平。材料和方法:回顾性分析85例AS的X线平片和30例AS的CT表现。结果:骶髂关节:X线表现Ⅱ级改变15例,Ⅲ级改变31例,Ⅳ级改变34例,另5例只显示局部骨质疏松;CT表现Ⅱ级改变9例,Ⅲ级改变14例,Ⅳ级改变7例。脊柱:X线表现正常11例,骨质疏松18例,骨质疏松、椎间小关节模糊16例,上述改变伴椎旁韧带钙化24例,“方形椎”32例,“竹节样脊柱”16例;CT表现正常4例,骨质疏松、小关节模糊10例,上述表现伴椎旁韧带钙化7例,9例表现为椎旁软组织广泛钙化、椎间小关节融合。髋关节:X线表现表现正常53例,局部骨质疏松6例,骨质疏松伴髋臼、股骨头密度不均8例,髋关节间隙变窄、关节面增白12例,骨性强直6例;CT表现髋臼、股骨头密度不均、小囊状改变5例,关节间隙变窄伴关节面增白、模糊,骨赘形成5例,骨性强直3例。结论:X线平片、CT在AS的诊断中具有重要作用。     

多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的应用价值。方法:56例临床确诊为强直性脊柱炎患者行骶髂关节多层螺旋CT检查,观察骶髂关节病变的CT表现及影像学特征。结果:强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的多层螺旋CT表现特征为病变主要累及骶髂关节的髂骨侧,表现为关节软骨钙化、关节面毛糙、骨性关节面下多发小囊状骨质吸收、破坏伴不同程度骨质增生硬化,骶髂关节间隙狭窄、消失、关节骨性融合及骶髂韧带钙化等。结论:多层螺旋CT对强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的应用价值。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现特点

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的CT特点，协助临床评估病变程度，以提高其鉴别诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析68例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点。结果AS骶髂关节CT表现特点为病变累及骶髂关节滑膜部髂骨侧为主，软骨钙化、关节间隙改变、关节面及面下骨结构改变以及骶髂韧带钙化。结论AS骶髂关节CT表现多种多样，但有一定的规律性。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对强直性脊柱炎（AS）患骶髂关节病变的早期诊断价值。方法：收集33例AS患的临床及CT资料进行分析。 参考相关献将骶髂关节病变分为：0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。结果：33例AS患的64个骶髂关节受累，其中双侧受累31例，单侧2例。2个骶髂关节表现正常为0级；19个关节表现为轻度受侵破坏，关节面模糊，骨质疏松定为I级；22个关节表现为明显破坏，关节面呈锯齿状或串珠状参差不齐或皮质中断，关节面下可见囊状吸收区，周围骨硬化，关节间隙假性增宽定为Ⅱ级；23个关节表现为关节强直，关节间隙变窄，可见骨小梁通过关节，严重关节呈骨性融合定为Ⅲ级.结论：根据骶髂关节的CT表现，结合临床资料，可准确诊断早期AS。     

Arthroscopy of the foot

Arthroscopy of the small joints of the foot has been limited in the past to simply a diagnostic modality. Improvementsin small joint arthroscopic instrumentation and technique, as well as the additions of laser and radiofrequency thermal debridement tools, now make arthroscopy useful as a treatment option in the foot. The authors present the current state of the art instrumentation and techniques, as well as the benefits and limitations for arthroscopic therapy of the subtalar, midtarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints. The authors believe that, with continued experience, small joint arthroscopy of the foot may overtake open procedures, especially in the athletic population.     

26例距下关节脱位诊治分析

目的分析距下关节脱位的临床诊断和治疗效果。方法选择2001年1月～2010年1月收治的26例距下关节脱位患者临床资料,内侧距下关节脱位22例,外侧距下关节脱位4例。闭合手法牵引复位17例,切开复位9例。结果本组全部获随访,随访时间14～22个月,平均(17.7±3.9)个月。关节功能根据美国足踝外科协会AOFAS后足评分标准,术后功能优14例,良8例,可4例;优良率84.62%。结论距骨脱位应早期明确诊断,经过闭合手法复位或切开复位均获得较满意的疗效。     

Radiological evaluation of the proximal tibiofibular joint in knees with severe primary osteoarthritis

The proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) can be considered to be the fourth compartment of knee joint. Although degenerative diseases of the knee joint may also have detrimental effects on the PTFJ until now, details of arthritic affection of PTFJ in the elderly who have severe femorotibial arthritis have not been described. Convenience samples of knees of elderly patients with Kellgren–Lawrence grade III–IV primary osteoarthritis were investigated further in order to determine the X-ray findings of PTFJ. Sixty knees in 34 patients with an average age of 71 years (61–86 years) were examined. Both knees were examined in 26 patients. On the radiographs, 23 joints were grade IV, 14 were grade III, and 23 were grade II. At most, only minor differences were seen between knees on the same patient in terms of lower extremity alignment, grade of TFJ degeneration, grade of PTFJ degeneration, and type of PTFJ. Interobserver correlation was good for radiographic evaluation of PTFJ (κ = 0.557). By intraobserver analysis with McNemar test, there was no statistically significant difference between the radiographic evaluations of PTFJ (p = 0.167). Arthritic grades of PTFJ and tibiofemoral joints were strongly correlated (Pearson coefficient r = 0.58, p < 0.001). No significant relation was found between type of PTFJ and grade of arthritis (χ² test, p = 0.42). In the light of these findings, the proximal tibiofibular joint should be evaluated for arthritic findings that may be responsible for lateral knee pain before a total knee arthroplasty operation is considered. The type of PTFJ is not related to the degree of this joint arthritis. No external source of financial support was obtained for this study.     

Evaluation of ganglion cysts using vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (VIPR)

For some atypical para-articular ganglia, the presence of a joint connection is highly controversial. The proper preoperative diagnosis and identification of this joint connection for ganglion cysts is important for patient treatment and outcome. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when evaluating such lesions, but the detection of subtle joint connections remains difficult with conventional MR protocols. We investigated the utility of a steady-state free-precession acquisition with isotropic high resolution using the vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction (VIPR) pulse sequence to determine if joint connections for ganglion cysts could be seen more effectively, using the knee region as a model. We evaluated four patients: two with peroneal intraneural ganglion cysts, one with adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery, and one patient with a more typical extraneural (intramuscular) cyst. Both conventional MR and VIPR techniques were used. In our clinical experience, we found VIPR to be superior to conventional MR techniques in detecting and depicting joint connections in typical and atypical ganglion cysts around the knee.     

距下关节截骨牵伸融合新方法治疗陈旧性跟骨关节内骨折

目的 评价距下关节截骨牵伸融合对陈旧性跟骨关节内骨折的疗效.方法 6例(单足5例,双足1例)陈旧性跟骨关节内骨折,年龄17～52岁,平均31岁.6例(7足)均采用距下关节截骨牵伸融合新方法治疗.术中行距下关节截骨、Orthofix外固定支架固定,术后10天开始距下关节缓慢牵伸延长,至距下关节间隙牵开1～2cm结束,距下关节骨性融合后取出外固定支架开始负重行走.结果 平均随访18个月.6例距下关节平均在术后9个月得到骨性融合.采用AOFAS后足评分,7足平均评分由术前的26.6分提高到术后随访时的74.2分.结论 距下关节截骨牵伸融合对陈旧性跟骨关节内骨折是一种新的有效治疗方法.     

髌股关节退行性病变的摄影方法学研究

目的 探讨髌股关节多角度侧位投照方法的临床价值.方法 收集50例膝关节疼痛的患者,分别采取180°、135°、90°膝关节屈伸角度侧位等多角度髌股关节X线摄影,比较髌股关节退行性病变的X线表现.结果 多角度髌股关节侧位投照显示,髌骨后缘关节面增生毛糙50例,股骨滑车面增生硬化及髌股关节间隙变窄43例,胫股关节间隙变窄23例,髌骨同定6例,而常规位置阳性显示率较低.2种投照摄影方法比较,股骨滑车、髌骨后缘、髌股关节间隙及髌骨活动范围等部位显示率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多角度投照方法对观察股骨滑车面、髌骨关节面、髌骨移动范围、髌股和胫股关节间隙以及确定髌骨高位等退变特征有明显优势.结论 多角度髌股关节侧位投照是一种相对客观的显示髌骨位置及髌股关节间隙的X线摄影方法,可在临床检查中广泛使用.     

肘关节疾病的关节镜下手术治疗

探讨肘关节镜在治疗肘关节疾病中的疗效和价值。 1999年 5月 2 0 0 3年 1月共行肘关节镜手术 18例 ,其中骨性关节炎 12例(合并游离体 4例 ) ,类风湿性关节炎 2例 ,肘关节粘连 4例。分别行游离体取出、滑膜切除、骨赘清除、粘连松解术。其中局部麻醉 11例 ,臂丛麻醉 7例。采用HSS肘关节评分作为疗效评定标准。随访时间平均 13个月 (3～ 34个月 )。按HSS肘关节评分 :优 11例 ,良 6例 ,差 1例 ,优良率 94 4 %。说明在肘关节镜下手术安全、可靠 ,创伤小 ,恢复快 ;局麻关节镜下手术可有效减少血管、神经损伤 ,缩短住院时间。     

Sacroiliac joint vacuum phenomenon--underreported finding

Background and purpose

Vacuum phenomenon (VP) is commonly found in sacroiliac joints, and its significance in patients with back pain has been debated. We investigated the prevalence of sacroiliac joint vacuum phenomenon (SJVP) and the rate at which it is reported on abdominopelvic and lumbosacral spine computed tomography (CT) images by body imagers and neuroradiologists. We hypothesized that it would be more common than not and that neuroradiologists would identify it more frequently than body imagers and on spine images more commonly than abdominopelvic studies due to the search for the source of back pain in the former.

Materials and methods

CT images of the pelvis and lumbar spine from January to February 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Six hundred fifty-two patients were studied during this period. Axial thin-section images were reviewed under default lung and bone window settings. Age, sex, and radiologist reports were assessed from electronic medical records.

Results

The prevalence of SJVP on CT imaging was 34%, with higher rates found in female (41%, P<.001) and older (39%, P<.05) patients. Eighty-five percent of the phenomena were present bilaterally. Among the 223 patients with SJVP, only 17% were reported. There were no statistically significant differences between reporting rates for body radiologists and neuroradiologists.

Conclusion

SJVP is a prevalent condition with higher rates among older and female individuals. The phenomenon is underreported on CT images whether the studies performed are abdominopelvic scans or spine studies and whether they are interpreted by body imagers or neuroradiologists.     

改良髋关节磁共振成像扫描方法在发现骶髂关节病变中的应用价值

目的：通过对髋关节磁共振成像（MRI）冠状位扫描的改良,从而发现骶髂关节病变,弥补临床医生判断失误,提高疾病的检出率。方法对265例申请髋关节MRI检查的患者增加冠状位扫描层数,使每例患者双侧骶髂关节均能大部分显示。结果发现骶髂关节病变的共计20例,发现率为7．5％,年龄11-65岁,其中强直性脊柱炎16例,退行性骨关节炎2例,骶髂关节结核1例,外伤导致骨挫伤1例。结论骶髂关节病变,尤其是强直性脊柱炎是一种以危害年轻人为主的慢性炎性疾病,起病隐匿,临床部分患者以髋关节为主述症状,引起误诊,MRI在检查髋关节时适当在冠状位上增加扫描层数,能发现7．5％的遗漏病变,方法简便易行,值得推广。