苯那普利对动脉粥样硬化形成及循环内皮细胞与假血管血友病因子的影响作用

观察苯那普利对高胆固醇饲喂的家兔动脉粥样硬化形成及其对循环内皮细胞 (CEC)、假血管血友病因子(vWF)的影响。 2 4只新西兰雄性大白兔随机分成 3组 ,对照组饲喂普通饲料 ,动脉粥样硬化组饲喂 1 %胆固醇饲料 ,苯那普利组饲喂 1 %胆固醇及苯那普利5mg/d。实验前、实验后 5周、实验后 1 0周分别抽血测血脂、vWF、CEC计数。第 1 0周末处死大白兔 ,计算主动脉斑块面积。结果显示 ,苯那普利治疗组与动脉粥样硬化组血脂水平无明显变化 ,但动脉粥样硬化斑块面积却明显减少(P <0 0 1 ) ,其血浆vWF浓度亦明显降低(P <0 0 1 )。提示苯那普利具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用 ,其机制可能与保护内皮功能有关     

3.0T MR成像对兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂及血栓形成模型的成像研究

目的 探讨3.0T高分辨MRI对兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型药物诱发斑块破裂和血栓形成的成像研究.方法 20只雄性新西兰白兔,采用数字表法随机分为实验组16只,对照组4只,采用间断高脂饲料喂养结合球囊拉伤腹主动脉技术建立动脉粥样硬化模型,并在建模3个月后给予蝰蛇毒+组胺药物诱发试验,以期斑块破裂和形成血栓.在药物诱发试验前后...     

兔动脉粥样硬化COX-2表达及辛伐他汀干预实验研究

目的　观察环氧化酶 2 (COX 2 )在动物粥样硬化斑块中的表达及辛伐他汀干预作用。方法　 2 1只新西兰大白兔普通饲料喂养观察 7d后 ,给予高脂饲料喂养。 7～ 10d后行髂动脉内膜球囊损伤术 ,手术意外死亡 2只 ;高脂饲料喂养 2 8d后随机处死 5只 (基础对照组 ) ,其余 14只分别给以普通饲料喂养加辛伐他汀每天每只 15mg ,喂养过程中死亡 1只 (辛伐他汀组 ,n =6 )和普通饲料喂养 (未干预组 ,n =7)。术后 2 8d后处死所有动物 ,取出两侧髂动脉粥样硬化段 ,随机选取一侧标本置液氮中保存行总RNA抽提及RT PCR反应 ,以 β actin光密度值进行标准校正 ,计算COX 2产物的相对量 ;另一侧置于 10 %中性甲醛中 ,固定 2 4h后常规石蜡包埋 ,并分别行羊抗单核细胞趋化蛋白 1(MCP 1)多克隆抗体 ,兔抗Cox 2多克隆抗体和鼠抗巨噬细胞RAM 11单克隆抗体免疫组化染色实验。结果以阳性免疫染色面积占内膜面积百分数的小数形式表示。选择粥样斑块最明显部位测定内膜和中膜厚度。动物分组后和处死前各采血 5ml,用胆固醇氧化酶法测定血浆总胆固醇浓度。各项检测值用均数±标准差表示 ,以t检验行差异显著性分析。结果　 3组新西兰大白兔 0周时体重和血浆总胆固醇浓度无显著差异 ;处死前基础对照组、辛伐他汀组和未干预组血浆总胆固醇     

不同浓度胆固醇建立动脉粥样硬化斑块模型的超声评估

【摘要】目的:应用二维超声评价球囊扩张联合不同浓度的高脂饲料喂养建立超声可见兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)斑块模型的效果。方法:选取新西兰白兔65只,5只为正常饮食的对照组,60只行腹主动脉球囊扩张联合高脂喂养建立AS斑块模型。高脂喂养分为1%胆固醇组28只与2%胆固醇组32只。喂养期间计数各组模型兔的死亡时间,每4周进行一次超声检查。取AS斑块进行常规HE染色及免疫组化染色以分析斑块成分。比较两组间血脂、生存曲线及斑块组份的差异。结果:对照组无斑块形成,2%胆固醇组和1%胆固醇组的血脂水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;1%胆固醇组与2%胆固醇组兔的生存曲线差异有统计学意义(P=0.0062),2%胆固醇组兔的生存时间明显缩短,病死率较1%胆固醇组高。对照组喂养至36周仍无斑块形成;1%胆固醇组喂养至8周时腹主动脉基本无明显可测量斑块,至12周时可测得腹主动脉斑块平均厚度为(0.51±0.12)mm,随后斑块厚度缓慢增加,至24周时增加明显,斑块平均厚度为(0.73±0.21)mm,至32周时斑块平均厚度达到最大为(0.85±0.29)mm,随后斑块平均厚度降低;2%胆固醇组喂养至8周时腹主动脉出现可测量斑块,平均厚度为(0.54±0.16)mm,12周时斑块厚度明显增加,为(0.70±0.14)mm,16周时平均厚度达到最大,为(0.76±0.10)mm。HE染色及免疫组化染色发现两组斑块组份基本一致。结论:应用球囊扩张联合高脂喂养的方法可以成功建立超声可见AS斑块模型。给予2%胆固醇喂养可在较短时间内建立斑块模型,但模型兔存活时间短,病死率较高;给予1%胆固醇喂养建模时间长,但模型兔存活时间长,两者所建立的斑块从病理学角度无明显差异。     

川芎嗪对兔主动脉粥样硬化及血脂和血浆ET－1影响的实验研究

川芎嗪对兔主动脉粥样硬化及血脂和血浆ＥＴ－１影响的实验研究２００００３上海第二军医大学长征医院王志华，张国元，王华梁中国图书资料分类号Ｒ２８５用川芎嗪干预动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）造型兔，对比研究主动脉粥样硬化病变范围并观察血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（Ｔ...     

浓缩鱼油对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的影响

本文观察浓缩鱼油对高脂血兔血浆、主动脉及肝脏总胆固醇(TC)、血浆过氧化脂质、血液流变学指标及动脉粥样硬化(AS)的影响。鱼油组血浆、主动脉和肝脏TC值、血小板聚集率、全血粘度和纤维蛋白原水平均显著低于对照组;两组的血浆过氧化脂质水平相近,但红细胞压积和红细胞变形性无显著变化;鱼油组主动脉AS斑块面积明显小于对照组(p<0.01),表明浓缩鱼油不仅可降胆固醇,对实验性AS形成亦有显著抑制效应。     

动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及消退动物实验观察

经过三个月食饵性高血脂对新西兰兔动脉粥样硬化斑块形成诱导后,对斑块的消退又进行了三个月的观察.结果发现,高血脂能引起血小板数增加、粘附力增强、前列环素/血栓素A_2(PGI_2/TXA_2)失衡,纤维蛋白原及纤溶酶原含量增高,脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,且在胸腹主动脉形成明显的脂肪条纹及纤维斑块.在停高脂饮食后的三个月的消退期,血清胆固醇明显下降,上述各指标均显著降低,但组织病理学上提示,形成的斑块并没有消退且略有加重.     

瑞舒伐他汀钙对冠心病患者血脂及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响研究

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀钙对冠心病患者血脂水平及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法 42例冠心病合并颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者给予口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片,10 mg/d,疗程12个月,测定患者治疗前及治疗6、12个月时血浆总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,彩色多普勒超声测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及计算颈动脉斑块积分。结果治疗6个月时,患者TC、TG及LDL-C水平与治疗前比较明显下降,而HDL-C水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗12个月后,与治疗6个月时比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗6个月时颈动脉IMT与治疗前比较显著减轻,颈动脉粥样斑块积分明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗12个月时与治疗6个月时比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者口服瑞舒伐他汀钙可显著改善其血脂水平及动脉粥样硬化程度。     

磁共振对动脉粥样硬化斑块的实验研究

目的:建立家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,探讨动脉粥样硬化斑块的MRI表现。方法:选择健康雄性日本大白兔20只,高脂饮食喂养3~5个月。于2个半月开始,每月对实验兔的主动脉行MRI扫描。选择T1WI、T2WI及T2WI/FS序列,并对3只家兔行增强扫描。依照病变的进展情况处死兔子,制作主动脉的病理切片。结果:MRI发现具有动脉粥样硬化改变的兔子有6只(阳性率32%),其余13只动物(68%)MRI未见明显异常。正常兔子血管壁在MRI上呈中等到稍低信号,边缘光整。6只家兔于3个半月时发现有动脉粥样硬化脂质斑块,在SET1WI和FSET2WI上表现为稍高信号,增强扫描后不强化呈稍低信号;病理上表现为脂质条纹。于4个半月时MRI显示斑块明显增厚,病理上显示仍为脂质条纹。第5个半月时发现有纤维斑块形成,斑块于FSET2WI/FS序列上表现为内部呈稍低信号、表面为弧形线样高信号,镜下可见斑块表面纤维帽形成及其大量的泡沫细胞、细胞外脂质及基质。结论:MRI多种序列的综合应用能显示动物体内的动脉粥样硬化斑块,对其成份的判定亦有一定价值。     

新化合物哌芳安他抗高血脂诱发兔动脉粥样硬化作用及其分子机理的研究

目的 研究新化合物哌芳安他抗高血脂诱发兔动脉粥样硬化的分子机制。方法 采用高血脂诱发兔动脉粥样硬化模型，通过检测血液及血管组织中重要的动脉粥样硬化相关因子的表达，分析新化合物哌芳安他抗动脉粥样硬化的分子机制。结果 哌芳安他可抑制兔颈动脉粥样斑块的形成，改善血管内皮细胞功能，降低血清TXA2含量，升高PGI2与TXA2的比值，抑制趋化因子IL-8和MCP-1mRNA的过度表达。结论 哌芳安他的上述作用特点可能与其抗动脉粥样硬化作用相关。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.     

Kidney and iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents

In patients with renal failure, iodinated contrast agents may cause acute deterioration of the renal function and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) may cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The administration of a contrast agent must thus be reviewed for each patient and evaluation of renal function is paramount even though its estimation using formulas derived from the creatinine level may fluctuate. For iodinated contrast agents, contrast induced nephropathy is reduced by hydratation, preferably intravenous, when the GFR is less than 60 ml/min. The risk for intravenous injections is less than the risk for arterial injections, and the GFR threshold may be reduced to 45 ml/min. For gadolinium-based contrast agents, patients at risk for NSF are those with end-stage renal disease and patients undergoing dialysis. In such cases, the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is only considered after a risk-benefit analysis has been completed, an alternate linear or macrocyclic agent issued and the dose limited to 0,1 mmol Gd/kg. Recently, recommendations from US and European agencies have converged. Learning objectives: to be familiar with the risk factors of CIN with iodinated contrast agents; to be familiar with hydration procedures for patients at risk of CIN; to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria of NSF; to be familiar with the classification of GBCA with regards to the risk of NSF; to be familiar with the contraindications of the different groups of GBCA.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.