不同体位颈椎MRI对平山病的影像诊断

目的 探讨平山病患者自然位和前屈位颈椎MRI表现及其诊断价值.资料与方法 对6例经临床确诊的平山病患者及6名正常自愿者均行颈椎自然位+前屈位+增强MRI,对比分析平山病患者低位颈髓的MRI表现.结果 自然位:6例患者颈椎生理曲度变直,低位颈髓变细;6名正常自愿者可见颈膨大(约脊髓C6～T2段).前屈位:6例患者低位颈髓变扁、萎缩,两种体位低位颈髓前后径差值与正常自愿者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),另可见背侧硬膜囊后壁前移、硬膜外间隙增宽,内见迂曲、条形流空信号,增强后明显强化;正常自愿者低位颈髓较自然位略变细,背侧硬膜囊无前移、扩张,其内未见流空信号.结论 不同体位MRI均能显示平山病患者颈椎的异常表现,尤其是前屈位对平山病的诊断具有重要价值.     

MRI诊断平山病的应用价值

目的回顾性分析平山病患者的颈椎中立位和过曲位MRI表现,探讨MRI对平山病的诊断价值。方法 14例经临床确诊为平山病患者,均行颈椎过屈位MRI检查,其中11例患者行中立位MRI检查,分别对患者不同体位的MRI图像进行分析。结果 11例行颈椎中立位MRI检查的患者中,存在颈椎曲度异常者7例,脊髓出现萎缩、变细者6例,失连接现象仅4例;14例行颈椎过屈位检查的患者均存在硬膜囊后壁前移、脊髓受压变细、硬膜囊外后间隙扩张、失连接现象等征象,其中5例脊髓内出现长T2信号,且出现部位略高于脊髓受压最显著处。结论颈椎过屈位MRI对诊断平山病具有重要价值。     

自然位与过屈位磁共振成像对平山病的诊断价值

目的:探讨颈椎自然位及过屈位磁共振成像对平山病的诊断价值.方法:对8例临床证实的平山病患者行颈椎自然位及过屈位磁共振平扫及增强扫描,所有患者均进行常规脑脊液检查、肌电图检查.结果:自然位MR扫描,8例均有C5～C7段脊髓轻度萎缩,前后径变短,过屈位扫描,7例患者可见颈髓前移,硬脊膜外腔增宽,1例患者可见硬膜外腔内流空血管影,7例在增强扫描中均可见不同程度的硬膜后间隙内异常强化影.结论:平山病患者在过屈位时颈髓及硬膜外腔的异常表现极具特征性,因此MRI过屈位平扫加增强扫描对平山病的诊断具有重要价值.     

平山病2例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨平山病的颈髓磁共振(MRI)表现及其诊断价值.方法 对2例平山病患者的临床、神经电生理、MRI影像学资料进行分析,并复习相关文献,总结平山病的颈髓MRI特点.结果 2例均为青年男性,主要表现为局限于手和前臂肌萎缩.肌电图均示神经源性损害.自然位MRI扫描,2例均有C4～C7段脊髓轻度萎缩,前后径变短.屈颈位MRI平扫2例均可见下段颈髓前移、变扁平加剧,硬脊膜外间隙增宽,其内可见蚓状异常血管流空信号.增强MRI2例均可见增宽的硬膜外间隙内异常增粗并明显强化的静脉丛.结论 平山病的MRI表现有一定的特征性,屈颈位平扫及增强MRI对平山病的诊断有重要的价值.     

胸椎管内硬膜外支气管囊肿合并出血一例

患者男,31岁,颈背部疼痛10余天,突发双下肢麻木活动不利6 h,于2008年11月18日就诊,体检发现T2水平以下深、浅感觉消失,大小便潴留. 颈、胸段椎管MRI表现:矢状面T1WI、T2WI、短时反转恢复序列(STIR),冠状面T1WI和横断面T2WI,及增强后横断面、矢状面和冠状面T1WI,示T1～3水平椎管内可见一长条状异常信号影,脊髓受压,与脊髓界限尚清.T1WI呈混杂高、等信号,以等信号为主,部分高信号(图1);T2WI呈混杂信号,以低信号为主,部分呈高信号,硬膜囊受压,邻近蛛网膜下腔变窄(图2,3);STIR未见明显脂肪抑制征象.矢状面增强T1WI周边可见轻度强化征象(图4).影像诊断:T1～3椎管内硬膜外占位性病变合并出血.     

平山病的MRI诊断价值

目的:探讨平山病的MR表现和价值,认识平山病的临床特征和可能的发病机制.方法:5例经临床确诊的平山病患者均隐匿起病,病变局限于上肢远端肌肉,4例单侧上肢前臂受累,1例双侧不对称性受累.5例患者均行颈椎X线平片检查,及颈髓常规自然体位MR平扫及屈颈位平扫 增强扫描.所有患者均进行常规生化检查,脑脊液检查,肌电图检查和肌肉活检.结果:5例患者普通X线检查4例可见颈椎生理曲度变直,自然体位MR平扫3例有低位脊髓萎缩变扁(萎缩水平在颈5-胸1,最明显在颈6水平),2例萎缩的脊髓内信号异常.曲颈MR检查时,除了可见自然体位MR的表现外,5例患者均可见特征性的颈髓前移、变平,硬脊膜向前移位,硬脊膜外腔增宽,4例患者在增宽的硬膜外腔均可见流空血管信号,增强扫描5例患者在增宽的硬脊膜外腔均可见强化的静脉丛.结论:平山病的MR表现存在一定的特征性,MR屈曲位平扫 增强扫描对平山病的诊断及其发病机制的理解有重要的价值.     

脊髓梗死的磁共振诊断初探

目的:探讨脊髓梗死的MRI诊断,评价其诊断价值.方法:对临床怀疑脊髓梗死的7例病例进行MRI检查,包括常规矢状位T1WI、T2WI、SPIR和轴位T1WI、T2WI,其中6例病例有增强扫描,5例有扩散加权序列.结果:脊髓梗死诊断7例:颈段3例,胸腰段4例.MR信号强度与发病时间、病程进展有关:发病3天内脊髓略肿胀,T1WI略低信号,T2WI略高信号,扩散为高信号,无明显强化.3～14 d病灶呈T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,可有不同程度强化,扩散为高信号.2周后扩散为混杂信号.缓解期,病变受损范围可减少1～2个节段.结论:MRI可显示脊髓梗死的病变范围及受累部位,与临床结合,可早期诊断.     

颈椎管狭窄症的磁共振成像研究

目的：比较分析手术证实颈椎管狭窄症的MRI及X线和临床资料，明确颈椎管狭窄症的MRI概念及分型．材料和方法：对一组47例MRI进行各节段颈髓腹侧代偿间隙、颈髓和颈髓背侧代偿间隙矢状径测量;X线片上测量椎体、椎臂矢状径并计算Torg指数；采用JOA十七分法作临床评分。对MRI及X线和临床资料进行相关分析．结果：MRI示颈椎管狭窄患者的颈髓腹背侧代偿间隙、颈髓矢状径均减小，以病变节段最明显。MRI对临床表理的预示能力优于X线。MRI可以就狭窄范围、狭窄方向、狭窄程度和髓内信号改变行详尽分型．结论：颈椎管狭窄的MRI特征变化为正中矢状面上蛛网膜下腔减少或消失．和／或伴有脊髓的压迫变形，髓内信号异常．分类更准确地反映病理解剖及病理生理改变,密切地联系了临床，对颈椎管狭窄症的准确诊断和治疗选择有指导意义．     

中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MR诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现及其鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析7例经手术和病理证实的肠源性囊肿的临床和MRI资料。结果 7例肠源性囊肿,桥前池1例,椎管内髓外硬膜下6例,3例病变位于颈段,2例位于上段胸段,1例位于腰段。6例椎管内肠源性囊肿,5例囊肿位于脊髓腹侧,均可见"脊髓嵌入征"。多数囊肿T1Wl呈等或稍高于脑脊液信号,T2WI等或稍低于脑脊液信号。6例行MR增强扫描,5例囊壁及囊液均未见强化,1例囊壁轻度强化。结论 MRI对肠源性囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现

目的评估脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MR／表现。7例均行常规MR扫描，应用T1、T2加权序列作轴面、矢状面扫描，且均应用T1WISE作轴面、矢状面、冠状面增强扫描。结果7例肿瘤在T1WI上呈等信号、低信号或等、低混杂信号，在T2WI上呈高信号或混杂信号，增强后均一或不均一强化。其中5例伴有脊髓空洞，4例可见血管流空效应，2例伴有瘤周水肿。结论脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现具有特征性。MRI还有利于明确肿瘤的位置和范围，以及外科治疗计划的制定。     

Forward shifting of posterior dural sac during flexion cervical magnetic resonance imaging in Hirayama disease: An initial study on normal subjects compared to patients with Hirayama disease

Objective

Forward shifting of the posterior cervical dural sac is the most important sign in diagnosing Hirayama disease but can also be seen in normal subjects, causing potential diagnostic dilemma. We aim to explore the degree of forward displacement of posterior dural sac in normal subjects compared to that with Hirayama disease.

Materials and methods

50 healthy male teenagers and 3 patients with Hirayama disease were recruited into the control group and patient group, respectively. MR imaging of the cervical spine was performed in both neutral and flexion positions for all subjects, with the following parameters measured: maximal distance of forward shifting of posterior dural sac, dimension of dural sac and spinal cord.

Results

Forward shifting of the posterior cervical dural sac was depicted in 46% of normal subjects upon flexion position but without associated cord compression due to intrinsic expansion of the spinal canal volume. This intrinsic compensatory mechanism was inadequate in diseased patients leading to cord compression with significant increment in ratio of anteroposterior diameter of forward displacement of posterior dural wall/anteroposterior diameter of spinal canal (“x/y”), and decrement in ratio of anteroposterior diameter of spinal cord/perpendicular transverse diameter of spinal cord (“a/b”).

Conclusion

Depicting of forward shifting of posterior dural sac alone on flexion position cannot reliably diagnose Hirayama disease, which should be established only if there is forward shifting of posterior dural sac, plus increased ratio of x/y and decreased ratio of a/b on flexion position from associated mass effect on the spinal cord.     

平山病的MRI诊断

目的:总结分析平山病的MRI表现,探讨MRI对平山病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经临床及肌电图证实为平山病的11例患者的影像资料。结果:9例颈椎生理曲度变直或反弓;11例均有MRI上低位颈髓不同程度变扁、变细、萎缩,屈曲位均可见背侧硬脊膜向前移位、后硬脊膜外间隙增宽及弧形或梭形T2WI异常高信号。结论:平山病的MRI表现有一定的特征性,低位颈髓的局限性萎缩、细扁改变、屈曲位后硬脊膜外间隙T2WI高信号及流空信号对本病的诊断具有重要价值。     

Magnetic resonance imaging in a juvenile type of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of the upper extremities

Eight patients with a juvenile type of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of the upper extremities (DSMA), a type of cervical flexion myelophathy, were evaluated using MR imaging. In the neutral position there was no spinal cord compression, but in flexion the spinal cord was displaced anteriorly and was compressed by the posterior surfaces or margins of the vertebrae and/or any herniated disks in all cases. In flexion, compression of the cord was exaggerated in seven patients by the anterior displacement of the posterior margin of the thecal sac, which was accompanied by dilated posterior internal vertebral veins. In patients suspected of having DSMA, MR images made in flexion are regarded essential for verifying the diagnosis. Correspondence to: K. Hasuo     

MR Imaging of the cervical cord in juvenile amyotrophy of distal upper extremity

We report the MR studies of the cervical cord in seven patients presenting juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity. This illness, also known as monomelic amyotrophy or benign focal amyotrophy, is distinct from the other motor neuron diseases. Seen in young males, it is characterized by muscular atrophy of the hand, and usually of the forearm, most often unilateral. The underlying process, of unknown origin, affects the anterior horn cells in the lower cervical cord. The gradual onset of purely motor disturbances may mimic early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This latter diagnosis may be excluded because of clinical stabilization and lack of pyramidal tract involvement. In our series, five MR studies were positive. In three cases we were able to demonstrate focal and unilateral atrophy in the lower cervical cord limited to the anterior horn region. Morphologic MR findings correlated with clinical and electromyographic features. In two other cases the MR-clinical correlation was more complex. No pathologic MR signal was detected on either T1- or T2-weighted images. Although the diagnosis of monomelic muscular atrophy is based on neurologic and neurophysiologic data, MR provides confirmatory evidence as well as useful information contributing to an understanding of this disease.     

平山病的MRI诊断

目的：探讨平山病（hirayama disease）的MR影像学表现,提高对该病的认识。方法通过查阅相关文献,回顾性分析2例临床已确诊的平山病MR自然位和过屈位影像表现,观察其低位颈髓的动态变化,并与健康自愿者的同条件扫描影像相比较,总结平山病的MR影像学表现。结果①自然位：曲线多有异常,下段颈髓萎缩,髓内可有异常信号,有失连接现象;②过屈位：所有患者均出现颈髓前移、变扁,硬脊膜后有月牙形、集簇状异常信号影;③2例患者强化检查示过屈位脊膜后异常信号影有强化;④志愿者自然位扫描显示颈椎曲度自然,颈髓粗细均匀,不存在失连接现象,过屈位脊膜后无异常信号影。结论MR颈椎检查特别是过屈位扫描能够显示出平山病的特征性影像学改变,对于平山病的早期诊断具有重大价值。     

Computed tomographic myelography characteristics of spinal cord atrophy in juvenile muscular atrophy of the upper extremity.

Although atrophy of the lower cervical and upper thoracic cord in juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity has been reported, the atrophic patterns of the cord, especially in the transverse section, have not been studied extensively. The aim of this study is to clarify the atrophic patterns of the cord by CT myelography (CTM) and to discuss the pathogenesis of cord atrophy. Sixteen patients with juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity were examined by CTM. Atrophy of the lower cervical and upper thoracic cord, consistent with the segmental weakness, was seen in all patients. Flattening of the ventral convexity was a characteristic atrophic pattern of the cord. Bilateral cord atrophy was commonly observed; eight of 12 patients with unilateral clinical form and all four patients with bilateral form showed bilateral cord atrophy with dominance on the clinical side. There was no correlation between the degree of cord atrophy and duration of symptoms. Flattening of the ventral convexity, associated with purely motor disturbances, reflects selective atrophy of the anterior horns in the cord, which is attributable to chronic ischemia. Cord atrophy proved to precede clinical manifestations. The characteristic atrophy of the cord provides useful information to confirm the diagnosis without long-term observation.     

Hirayama flexion myelopathy: neutral-position MR imaging findings--importance of loss of attachment

PURPOSE: To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of various neutral-position magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in the diagnosis of Hirayama flexion myelopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The neutral-position cervical MR images of 46 patients and 51 control subjects were evaluated for the following findings: localized lower cervical cord atrophy, asymmetric cord flattening, abnormal cervical curvature, loss of attachment (LOA) between the posterior dural sac and subjacent lamina, and noncompressed intramedullary high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images. The difference in frequency of these findings between the control and patient groups was examined by means of the chi(2) test. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these MR imaging findings in the diagnosis Hirayama disease were calculated. Multivariate analysis of these findings was also performed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the frequency of these MR imaging findings between the control and patient groups (all comparisons, P 相似文献   

平山病MRI诊断价值的初步研究

目的：探讨平山病的MRI表现及其诊断价值，加深对平山病的MRI表现及其可能的发病机制的认识。方法：回顾性分析5例经临床证实为平山病的MRI资料。所有患者均行颈椎常规仰卧位和屈颈位平扫及增强MRI检查。结果：常规仰卧位MPA显示5例患者中3例低位颈髓（C5-C7）萎缩，变扁平，髓内出现信号异常（主要位于灰质前角内）；屈颈位砌平扫5例均可见下段颈髓前移、变扁平加剧；4例硬脊膜外间隙增宽。增强MRI 3例患者可见增宽的硬膜外间隙内异常增粗并明显强化的静脉丛。结论：平山病的MRI表现有一定的特征性，屈颈位平扫及增强MRI对平山病的诊断有重要的价值。