飞燕草不同部位总黄酮的提取与含量测定

目的：提取飞燕草不同部位总黄酮,并对其进行含量测定,最终确定飞燕草最佳药用部位。方法：采用乙醇回流提取法提取飞燕草不同部位总黄酮,以芦丁为标准品,应用紫外分光光度法测定飞燕草全草、根、茎、叶及花中的总黄酮含量。结果：飞燕草全草、根、茎、叶及花等部位总黄酮含量分别为56.2%、47.6%、49.8%、51.3%、65.8%。结论：飞燕草不同部位中均含有总黄酮,其中花中总黄酮含量最高,根中最少,但考虑到不同部位的产量,建议以全草入药。     

畲药地稔不同时间、部位的没食子酸与槲皮素含量测定

目的 通过研究畲药地稔不同部位没食子酸、槲皮素含量的变化规律,确定地稔最佳采收期,研究其全草的药用价值。方法 应用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱为Agilent-SB C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为30 ℃;检测波长为254 nm。结果 畲药地稔各部位中均含有没食子酸、槲皮素,但是不同月份不同部位两活性成分含量存在差异。结论 畲药地稔叶中没食子酸、槲皮素含量均高于茎、根中两成分含量,茎、根中两成分含量无明显区别,地稔全株均有一定的药用价值,以没食子酸、槲皮素含量为指标,从保护中药资源的角度考虑,建议以地上部位入药。最佳采收期在5月初、花未开时。     

RP-HPLC测定鬼针草属药材中的没食子酸

目的 比较不同种属和不同药用部位鬼针草中没食子酸的含量.方法 采用RP-HPLC法,用Kromasil C18柱(250mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),柱温为25℃,流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液(8:92),检测波长为274 nm,流速为1 ml·min-1.结果 没食子酸进样量0.03～0.30 μg与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,回归方程为:Y=8.108×104X-3.160×104(r=0.9999,n=6),平均回收率为101.2%.三叶鬼针草根、茎、叶和狼把草、白花鬼针草、婆婆针、三叶鬼针草中没食子酸的含鼍分别为6.16%、6.95%、9.26%、6.99%、8.5%、9.78%、10.3%.结论 所用方法简便、准确、重复性好,可作为控制鬼针草属药材质量的方法;从没食子酸含量的角度考虑,以三叶鬼针草的叶入药最好.     

中药茅莓根、茎、叶中表儿茶素的含量测定

目的:比较中药茅莓不同部位中表儿茶素的含量,为临床用药提供参考.方法:采用HPLC法测定茅莓根、茎、叶中表儿茶素的含量,从化学成分上考察茅莓不同药用部位有效成分的分布.结果:不同产地茅莓根、茎、叶中表儿茶素含量有一定差异,以广西产地的含量稍高;茅莓根、茎、叶等部位均含有表儿茶素,三者含量有明显差异,含量的大小顺序依次为:叶＞根＞茎.结论:茅莓根、茎、叶中表儿茶素含量有显著差异,临床上作为药用应有所区别.     

HPLC法测定云台山葛根不同部位葛根素的含量

目的用高效液相色谱法测定云台山葛根的根、茎、叶及花中葛根素的含量,探讨其地上部分的利用价值。方法ODS色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);柱温:40℃;流动相:甲醇-水(27:73)(含0.5%的醋酸);流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测波长:250nm;进样量10μL。结果葛根素的线性范围为10.0～160.0mg·L-1,y=65.713x-11.932,r=0.9995,平均回收率为98.7%,RSD为1.5%。结论高效液相色谱法简便,准确,可作为云台山葛根药材内在质量的检测手段之一;云台山葛根不同部位中的葛根素含量分布为根>茎>叶>花。     

假藿香不同入药部位中齐墩果酸的含量测定

目的对民间中草药假藿香不同入药部位中齐墩果酸的含量进行进行比较,以确定适宜的入药部位。方法采用RP-HPLC法测定。色谱柱:ODS-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm),流动相:甲醇-0.5%磷酸水(90∶10);流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:25℃;检测波长:210nm。结果其根、茎、叶中含量分别为0.02106%,0.02681%,0.03206%。结论叶中含量比根中高0.011%,比茎中高0.00525%,茎和根含量相近,在药材重量上茎和根占85%以上,故建议以叶入药为佳。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

美丽胡枝子不同部位总黄酮含量测定

目的测定美丽胡枝子不同部位总黄酮的含量。方法采用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁为对照品,三氯化铝为显色剂,测定波长为272 nm。结果美丽胡枝子不同部位的总黄酮含量分别为:叶1.43%、茎0.40%、根0.39%。结论美丽胡枝子各部位总黄酮的含量从高到低顺序为叶>茎>根。     

HPLC法测定野生与栽培肿节风中迷迭香酸的含量

目的建立野生与栽培肿节风中迷迭香酸含量的测定方法,分析比较肿节风不同部位中迷迭香酸含量的差异。方法采用HPLC法,固定相为Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,4μm);流动相为乙腈-1mL.L-1磷酸溶液(25∶75);流速为1.0mL.min-1,柱温为40℃,检测波长为342nm。结果野生肿节风根、茎、叶中迷迭香酸的平均含量分别为0.25%,0.42%和1.43%,栽培肿节风根、茎、叶中迷迭香酸的平均含量分别为0.29%,0.49%和1.50%。结论肿节风药材根、茎、叶3个部位中的迷迭香酸含量差异较大,叶中含量最高,茎中其次,根中最低。相同部位比较,栽培肿节风较野生的迷迭香酸含量高。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定野生羌活和宽叶羌活不同部位中的微量元素

目的:测定野生羌活和宽叶羌活根、茎、叶、叶柄和种子中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 6种微量元素的含量。方法:采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同部位微量元素的含量,应用SPSS 16.0分析软件对结果进行统计分析。结果:相同部位不同元素的含量存在差异,野生羌活和宽叶羌活同一部位均以Ca元素含量最高,Cu、Zn元素含量最低。同种元素在不同植物不同部位中的含量也有差异,野生羌活Ca元素以叶片中含量最高,种子中含量最低;Mg、Cu、Zn元素以叶柄中含量最高,根和种子中含量最低;Fe元素以茎中含量最高,叶柄中含量最低;Mn元素以叶片中含量最高,茎中含量最低。野生宽叶羌活Ca元素以叶片含量最高,根中含量最低;Mg、Mn、Zn元素的含量以叶片中最高,茎中含量最低;Cu元素以叶中含量最高,根和叶柄中含量最低;Fe元素以根中含量最高,茎和种子中含量最低。结论:从微量元素角度分析,野生羌活和宽叶羌活的叶片、叶柄和种子等部位具有潜在的药用价值,可为综合开发利用有限的野生羌活药材资源提供一定的参考。     

HPLC法测定黄牡丹不同部位中没食子酸和丹皮酚的含量

目的建立黄牡丹中活性成分没食子酸和丹皮酚的含量测定方法,并考察黄牡丹不同部位中没食子酸和丹皮酚的含量差异。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,Agilent TC-C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱:0 min→25 min→45 min,乙腈0%→24%→36%,流速为0.8 m L·min-1;检测波长为274 nm;柱温为30℃。结果没食子酸、丹皮酚线性范围分别为0.10~2.00μg(r=0.999 8,n=6)、0.005 2~0.104 0μg(r=1.000 0,n=6),平均回收率(n=9)分别为102.16%(RSD=2.51%)、97.61%(RSD=1.34%)。没食子酸在不同部位的含量分布为果实>叶>皮部>栓皮>木部>茎;丹皮酚在不同部位的含量分布为栓皮>皮部>木部>茎,果实、叶中未检出。结论该方法准确、简捷,为黄牡丹药材提供更合理、可靠的质量控制方法。     

1种新的天然α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的分离纯化及其活性测定

目的从中草药中分离并得到α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。方法中草药地榆通过水提、脱色、离心、离子交换色谱得到地榆多糖。用4-硝基酚-2-D吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)法测定其对不同来源的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率。结果地榆多糖显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,并且可以降低大鼠餐后血糖浓度。结论地榆多糖是1种新的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。     

Antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts from myrtle (Myrtus communis var. italica L.) leaf,stem and flower

This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Myrtus communis var. italica L. leaf, stem and flower. Myrtle leaf and flower were the valuable organs for the essential oil production representing a yield of 0.61% and 0.30% (w/w), respectively. The essential oil composition of myrtle leaf and flower was characterized by high proportions of α-pinene, the main compound of monoterpene hydrocarbon class, with 58.05% for leaf and 17.53% for flower. Stem was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, largely due to 1,8-cineole with 32.84%. The total phenol contents varied between different myrtle parts; leaf extract had higher total phenol content (33.67 mg GAE/g) than flower (15.70 mg GAE/g) and stem (11.11 mg GAE/g) extracts. Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among different myrtle parts, representing 26.55 mg GAE/g in leaf, 11.95 mg GAE/g in flower, 3.33 mg GAE/g in stem. The highest contents of total flavonoids and condensed tannins were observed in stem (5.17 and 1.99 mg CE/g, respectively) and leaf (3 and 1.22 mg CE/g, respectively) extracts. The HPLC analysis indicated that the main phenolic class was hydrolysable tannins (gallotannins) in leaf (79.39%, 8.90 mg/g) and flower (60.00%, 3.50 mg/g) while the stem was characterized by the predominance of flavonoid class (61.38%, 1.86 mg/g) due to the high presence of catechin (36.91%, 1.12 mg/g). Antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the methanolic extract from different myrtle parts were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching, reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. In all tests, methanolic extracts of different myrtle parts showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils.     

地榆正丁醇萃取层对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制

目的：利用正丁醇溶剂提取地榆中的鞣质（15.36％）,研究其萃取层对人肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制。方法用不同浓度的正丁醇萃取层作用于人肝癌HepG2细胞,通过MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞凋亡率和细胞内活性氧（ROS）的含量。结果 HepG2细胞经不同浓度（100,150,200,250,300μg·mL-1）的地榆正丁醇萃取层作用48 h,细胞增殖明显受到抑制,其IC50为222.87μg·mL-1。不同浓度（200,400,600μg·mL-1）的地榆正丁醇萃取层作用于HepG2细胞48 h后,细胞的凋亡率和细胞内ROS的含量均明显高于空白组（P〈0.05）,且随着地榆正丁醇萃取层浓度的增加,HepG2细胞的凋亡率和细胞内ROS的含量也逐渐升高。结论地榆正丁醇萃取层可以浓度依赖性方式抑制人肝癌细胞株HepG2的增殖并促进其凋亡,这可能与其促进细胞内ROS的产生有关。     

重庆产厚朴不同部位厚朴酚与和厚朴酚分布规律的研究

目的研究厚朴不同部位厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的分布规律,为进一步开发利用厚朴资源并对其进行质量控制提供科学依据。方法采用HPLC测定厚朴不同部位中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量。结果厚朴根皮、干皮、枝皮和厚朴叶中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的总含量分别约为:8.22%,2.30%,2.07%和0.43%,厚朴各部位中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的总含量差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论厚朴不同部位中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量差异较大,其质量控制有待深入研究,厚朴不同部位在临床用药时应有所区别,另外厚朴叶资源具有较大的开发价值。     

紫花丹参不同部位微量元素含量的分析比较

目的分析比较紫花丹参不同部位微量元素含量。方法用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法分别测定紫花丹参根、茎、叶、花4个部位17种微量元素的含量,对不同部位微量元素含量进行分析比较。结果紫花丹参根中镁元素含量最高,茎中钡和锶含量高,叶中硼和铜含量高,而花中铁元素含量分别是根、茎、叶的2.5、4和10倍,另外,花中的钛、锰、镍、钒、锡、铅、钴、铬、镉、锂、锌等11种微量元素含量也均高于其它3个部位。结论从微量元素角度分析,丹参的花也具有一定的药用价值。     

Inhibitory effect of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. on ultraviolet-B-induced photodamage of rat skin

We previously reported that chronic Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation causes wrinkle formation, decreases skin elasticity, and damages/curls dermal elastic fibers. Those UVB-induced wrinkles can be improved by treatment with retinoic acid or with a CO2 laser which results in a recovery of skin elasticity and a repair of elastic fiber linearity. We showed further that topical application of N-phenetyl-leucyl-tryptophane, an agent that specifically inhibits fibroblast-derived elastase, immediately after UVB irradiation inhibited UVB-induced wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited changes in the three-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, the effects of an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L., which also inhibits fibroblast-derived elastase, was evaluated for possible inhibition of UVB induced wrinkle formation, maintenance of skin elasticity, and prevention of damage to the 3-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers. Hind limb skins of 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with UVB at a suberythemal dose 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Simultaneously, an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. (at 0.2% (v/v) or 1% (v/v)) was topically applied 5 times per week immediately following each UVB irradiation and 1 d later. The extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. inhibited wrinkle formation, maintained skin elasticity, and inhibited the decrease of dermal elastic fiber linearity in the rat hind limb skin in a dose-dependent manner. We have confirmed that the inhibition of elastase activity in fibroblasts immediately after UVB irradiation using an extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. prevents chronic photodamage following UVB irradiation.     

UPLC测定坚杆火绒草及其不同炮制品中的绿原酸、咖啡酸和木犀草素

目的 测定坚杆火绒草及其不同炮制品中绿原酸、咖啡酸和木犀草素的含量.方法 采用Acquity UPLC BEH C1s色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),流动相A为甲醇、B为0.1％磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流速0.2 mL· min-1,进样量1 μL,多波长分段检测.结果 绿原酸、咖啡酸和木犀草素的线性范围分别为:3.68 ～73.60 ng(r =0.9999)、1.00 ～20.00 ng(r =0.9999)、0.90 ～40.50 ng(r =0.9999).坚杆火绒草中绿原酸、咖啡酸和木犀草素的含量差异较大,同一植株的叶、花和果实中绿原酸和咖啡酸的含量明显高于根和茎中的;根和茎中均未检测到木犀草素,而花和果实中均含有木犀草素.结论 藏医火灸柱水煮后晒干的工艺不建议义继续使用.     

地榆中熊果酸的提取

研究了从地榆中提取熊果酸的方法和工艺，地榆经乙醇回流提取地榆皂苷，再经水解可得熊果酸。工艺研究结果显示用乙醇作溶剂提取所得总皂苷量较甲醇高，得率可达3.5％。水解时酸的浓度为7％左右，得率较高。     

Neuroprotective properties of gallic acid from Sanguisorbae radix on amyloid beta protein (25--35)-induced toxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons

Our previous studies reported that methanol extract of Sanguisorbae radix from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae) prevented neuronal cell damage induced by Abeta (25-35) in vitro. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of gallic acid isolated from Sanguisorbae radix on Abeta (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cortical neurons. Gallic acid (0.1, 1 microM) showed a concentration-dependent inhibition on Abeta (25-35) (10 microM)-induced apoptotic neuronal death, as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33,342 staining. Pretreatment of gallic acid inhibited 10 microM Abeta (25-35)-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were measured by fluorescent dyes. Gallic acid also inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by 10 microM Abeta (25-35), which was measured by HPLC. These results suggest that gallic acid prevents Abeta (25-35)-induced apoptotic neuronal death by interfering with the increase of [Ca(2+)](c), and then by inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS, and that these effects of gallic acid may be partly associated with the neuroprotective effect of Sanguisorbae radix.     

Phenolic acids in neem (Azadirachta indica): a major pre-existing secondary metabolites

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analyses of various parts (fresh and dry bark of stem, mature and tender leaves, flower and different parts of fruit, i.e., raw and ripe fruit epicarp, mesocarp and seed) of neem (Azadirachta indica), which occupies an important place in socio-cultural-religious life in Indian communities, indicate that neem is rich in pre-existing secondary metabolites (phenolic acids). Dry bark showed only tannic acid but in fresh bark three phenolic acids were observed, i.e., gallic, tannic, and ferulic acids. In tender leaves only gallic and ferulic acids were detected, but the levels of these phenolic acids in mature leaves were about three times and fifty times greater, respectively. Flowers had only two phenolic acids in which gallic acid was maximum followed by chlorogenic acid. The level of phenolic acid was maximum in seeds followed by epicarp and pulp. In raw and ripe fruit seeds four phenolic acids were detected. Raw fruit seeds were rich in phenolic acids than ripe fruit seeds. Fruit epicarp was relatively richer than seed, seed pulp and flowers of the plants. Neem flowers were also rich in gallic and chlorogenic acids.