基于TPGs表面修饰的雷公藤甲素固体脂质纳米粒的制备与质量评价

目的 制备D-α-维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯（TPGs）修饰的雷公藤甲素固体脂质纳米粒（TPGs-Tri-SLNs）,并评价其质量。方法 采用热熔乳化-超声法制备TPGs-Tri-SLNs,并以山嵛酸甘油酯浓度（X₁）,大豆磷脂与TPGs比例（X₂）和山嵛酸甘油酯与药物比例（X₃）作为考察因素,以TPGs-Tri-SLNs的粒径分布（Y₁）和药物包封率（Y₂）作为评价指标,通过中心复合设计-效应面法优化TPGs-Tri-SLNs的处方,粒度分析仪测定其粒径分布,透射电镜观察其微观形态,并考察了TPGs-Tri-SLNs的体外药物释放特性。结果 TPGs-Tri-SLNs的最佳处方组成为：山嵛酸甘油酯浓度为10%,大豆磷脂与TPGs比例4：1,山嵛酸甘油酯与药物比例为60：1,按照最优处方制备3批TPGs-Tri-SLNs的平均粒径为（107.8±16.9）nm,包封率为91.4%±1.1%;在透射电镜下可以观察到TPGs-Tri-SLNs呈球型分布,表面光滑;TPGs-Tri-SLNs在前4 h内药物释放较快,后期释药速率较为平稳,24 h药物释放可以达到85%。结论 通过中心复合设计-效应面法优化并得到TPGs-Tri-SLNs的最优处方,处方设计合理,制备工艺简单。     

盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶的制备与评价

目的 制备盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶，并评价其抑菌及创面愈合效果。方法 采用复乳法制备盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒，采用2因素2水平全因子析因实验设计考察了壳聚糖相对分子质量（X₁）和壳聚糖质量浓度（X₂）对壳聚糖纳米粒的药物包封率（Y₁）、粒径分布（Y₂）、多分散系数（Y₃）和Zeta电位（Y₄）的影响；并以泊洛沙姆407作为凝胶基质制备盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶。通过抑菌圈实验比较盐酸环丙沙星乳膏和盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性；使用无菌活检穿刺针在大鼠背部造成直径为5 mm的皮肤全切除的圆形人工创面，并使用金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的培养基感染24 h，建立大鼠创面模型，将模型大鼠随机分为模型组、盐酸环丙沙星乳膏组和盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶组，模型组大鼠创面未接受任何处理，给药组大鼠每2天给药1次，每次给药量均约为1 mg，观察并记录每组大鼠创面脱痂时间和愈合时间。结果 选择低相对分子质量壳聚糖、壳聚糖质量浓度为2.0 mg·mL^-1制备盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒，其中盐酸环丙沙星质量浓度为50.0 mg·mL^-1，其包封率为（85.3±0.9）%，平均粒径为（354.7±15.7）nm，PDI为0.357±0.014，Zeta电位为（22.2±0.5）mV，呈球状分布；盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶和盐酸环丙沙星乳膏对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为（38.4±0.2）、（29.2±0.3）mm，对铜绿假单胞菌抗菌圈直径分别为（41.3±0.6）、（32.1±0.1）mm；大鼠创面给予盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶后，其脱痂时间和愈合时间均较模型组和盐酸环丙沙星乳膏组显著缩短（P<0.05）。结论 成功制备盐酸环丙沙星壳聚糖纳米粒原位凝胶，其可以抑制创面细菌繁殖、加速伤口愈合。     

盐酸阿霉素聚乳酸纳米粒的制备及大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 优化盐酸阿霉素聚乳酸纳米粒（DOX-PLA-NPs）的制备工艺,并对其理化性质、体外释放及大鼠体内药动学进行研究。方法 采用改良的复乳-溶剂挥发法制备DOX-PLA-NPs,正交设计优化其处方工艺,对其纳米粒形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率与载药量进行测定。以DOX原药为对照组,考察DOX-PLA-NPs的体外释药特性及大鼠尾静脉给药后的体内药动学参数。结果 DOX-PLA-NPs外观圆整,平均粒径为（125.67±3.80） nm、Zeta电位为（-35.97±1.58） mV、包封率和载药量分别为（81.23±1.46）%,（10.29±0.63）%。体外释放结果显示,DOX经纳米粒包裹后,具明显的缓释作用。DOX原药和纳米粒的体内药动学过程均符合开放式二室模型,t_1/2β分别为（1.15±0.175） h、（6.43±2.12） h,CL分别为（174.76±47.22） h·L^-1、（30.68±11.86） h·L^-1,AUC_0→t分别为（6.01±1.61）μg·h·L^-1、（36.04±13.72）μg·h·L^-1。结论 制备的盐酸阿霉素聚乳酸纳米粒粒径较小、包封率较高,具明显的缓释作用,并能提高药物的生物利用度。     

载姜黄素的透明质酸-熊果酸-硫辛酸交联纳米粒的制备及其体外抗肿瘤活性

目的 制备载姜黄素的透明质酸-熊果酸-硫辛酸交联纳米粒（Cur/cLA-HU NPs）,并进行体外抗肿瘤活性评价。方法 以载药量、包封率为指标,采用超声法,通过单因素考察优化Cur/cLA-HU NPs的制备工艺,并对Cur/cLA-HU NPs的粒径、Zeta电位、形态和体外释药情况进行评价。通过荧光倒置显微镜分析HepG2细胞对Cur/cLA-HU NPs的摄取,以MTT法考察Cur/cLA-HU NPs对HepG2细胞的毒性。结果 最佳载药工艺为：以甲醇为药物姜黄素有机溶剂,以药质比4∶10进行投料,超声于100 W下次数为3次,每次处理3 min,超声程序设置为开2 s、停4 s。Cur/cLA-HU NPs的包封率为（87.91±1.51）%,载药量为（16.64±0.45）%,粒径为（172.3±2.57）nm,PDI为（0.174±0.021）,分散均匀,Zeta电位为（−35.3±2.12）mV。Cur/cLA-HU NPs具有还原响应性,释放药物的快慢受到GSH浓度的影响;靶向肿瘤细胞,且被细胞快速摄取;对HepG2人肝癌细胞增殖具有明显抑制作用。结论 Cur/cLA-HU NPs载药量和包封率高,其体外抗肿瘤活性稍优于姜黄素,具有肿瘤靶向性。     

叶酸壳寡糖修饰的紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒的体外释放及对SKOV-3增殖的抑制作用

摘 要 目的： 制备叶酸壳寡糖修饰的紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒（F-CS-PLGA-NPs）,并考察其对人卵巢癌上皮细胞（SKOV-3）的抑制作用。方法: 采用界面沉积法制备F-CS-PLGA-NPs,以30%乙醇作为释放介质考察修饰和未修饰纳米粒的体外释药情况,MTT法比较不同剂型和不同浓度紫杉醇对SKOV-3增殖的抑制作用。结果: F-CS-PLGA-NPs的粒径为（321±0.76）nm,电位为（22.6±0.26）mV,载药量为（5.1±0.25）%,包封率为（41.96±1.96）%。修饰和未修饰纳米粒的体外释药曲线相似,在最初24 h内约有35%药物释放,随后释药速度减慢,纳米粒以近零级方式释放,144 h累计释药率约为75%。细胞实验结果显示,在紫杉醇浓度相同的情况下,F-CS-PLGA-NPs在不同作用时间对细胞的抑制作用均强于紫杉醇溶液组和普通纳米粒组,F-CS-PLGA-NPs对SKOVS细胞增殖的抑制作用在一定程度上被游离叶酸减弱。结论:叶酸壳寡糖的修饰增加了纳米粒对SKOVS 3细胞的靶向性。     

共载阿霉素和依克立达的PLGA纳米粒的制备及表征

目的 建立药物测定方法,并制备共载阿霉素和依克立达的PLGA纳米粒。方法 利用紫外分光光度法（UV）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分别建立阿霉素和依克立达的测定方法;采用纳米沉淀法制备共载纳米粒,通过调节两药的投药比,优化处方,考察纳米粒的粒径、形态、包封率、载药量以及体外释放。结果 阿霉素在1~40 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线回归方程为A=0.021C+0.002,r=0.999 5; 依克立达在0.5~100 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线回归方程为A=120 742.462 6C+1 974.570 4,r=1.000 0;通过处方优化,共载纳米粒的粒径约为50 nm,分布均一,呈圆形,阿霉素和依克立达的包封率分别为56.58%、51.66%,载药量分别为1.48%、1.85%,两药摩尔比约为1：1;体外释放缓慢。结论 分别建立了方便快捷、结果准确、重复性好的阿霉素和依克立达的检测方法,并且制备了分散性好、粒径较小的纳米粒,为后续实验提供基础。     

用疏水改性的白及多糖制备载紫杉醇纳米粒并对其表征

目的 讨论白及多糖作为药物递送载体的可行性。方法 制备疏水性胆甾醇琥珀酰基白及多糖（CHSB）后,以紫杉醇（PTX）为模型药物,采用透析法制备载药纳米粒子,然后在透射电镜（TEM）下观察其形态;用动态光散射仪（DLS）检测其粒径、粒径分布和Zeta电位;用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定其包封率和载药量,并考察其体外释放情况;采用差示量热扫描法（DSC）确证药物在载药纳米粒子中的存在形式;采用MTT法考察纳米粒子的体外抗肿瘤活性,用荧光标记法观察肝癌细胞QGY-7703对纳米粒子的摄取情况。结果 制备的纳米粒呈规则球形,粒度分布均匀,药物包载于纳米粒内部,载药量和包封率在一定范围受CHSB的影响,载药纳米粒对肝癌细胞的杀伤性强于游离药物,在细胞内可观察到罗丹明B标记的纳米粒呈现的荧光。结论 CHSB作为难溶性药物载体具有较高的可行性,因此可作为一种极具潜力的纳米载体材料。     

活性氧/谷胱甘肽双重响应型紫杉醇前药纳米粒的制备与评价

目的 设计具有活性氧/谷胱甘肽双重响应的紫杉醇前药纳米粒(ProPTX-SS-NPs),为紫杉醇的应用提供新思路和新方法。方法 以粒径和PDI为指标,考察前药纳米粒的最佳制备方法和工艺;通过电镜观察前药纳米粒的形貌并对其粒径、电位、包封率、载药量等进行考察;考察纳米粒在活性氧和谷胱甘肽环境下的体外释放特性;通过细胞试验考察前药纳米粒的体外细胞毒性和细胞摄取情况。结果 采用最佳工艺制备的纳米粒粒径为(130.20±2.18) nm,分散系数为0.12±0.01,Zeta电位为(–8.45±0.01) mV,载药量为(10.27±1.36)%,包封率为(93.22±2.20)%。前药纳米粒具有良好的活性氧和谷胱甘肽响应特性,并且能够显著抑制MCF-7、HepG2和MDA-MB-231增殖。其对MDA-MB-231细胞的抑制作用最为显著,半数抑制浓度IC₅₀(0.71±0.11)μmol·L^-1,而PTX的IC₅₀为(22.38±3.27)μmol·L^-1。结论ProPTX-SS-NPs具有良好的肿瘤微环境响应性能,具备显著的抗肿瘤活性,是一种极具潜力和应用前景的抗肿瘤纳米系统。     

负载阿霉素的黄芩苷纳米粒的制备及其体外性能评价

目的 制备负载阿霉素的黄芩苷纳米粒（DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs）,并评价其体外性能。方法 构建以胱胺为连接臂的海藻酸钠–黄芩苷聚合物,并负载阿霉素,得到DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs。对DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs的理化性质进行表征;采用HepG2细胞进行MTT实验验证其细胞毒性。结果 DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs粒径为（158.2±2.8）nm,PDI为（0.241±0.008）,Zeta电位为（−24.1±0.3）mV,包封率为（64.34±0.25）%,载药量为（16.22±0.06）%。体外释放显示载药纳米粒具有良好的还原响应性;MTT实验证明DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs对HepG2细胞具有良好的抑制作用;细胞摄取实验表明DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs在HepG2细胞内较快地释放阿霉素。结论 制备的DOX/SA-SS-BAI NPs具有较好的理化性质和体外抗癌作用。     

载阿霉素透明质酸聚合物纳米粒的构建及其体外性质研究

目的 合成透明质酸（HA）接枝单油酸甘油酯（GMO）两亲性聚合物HGO,并研究其所制备载阿霉素（DOX）纳米粒的理化性质及体外抗肿瘤效果。方法 HA与GMO通过酯化反应制得载体聚合物HGO,通过核磁共振波谱法及红外光谱法对其进行结构表征;采用芘荧光探针法测定聚合物临界聚集浓度（CAC）。采用透析法制备聚合物HGO载阿霉素（DOX@HGO）纳米粒,并对其进行粒径分布、Zeta电位及微观形态的表征;通过检测其在不同离子强度、不同pH条件下的粒径变化考察纳米粒的体外稳定性;考察DOX@HGO纳米粒在不同pH条件下的体外释放行为;CCK-8法考察DOX@HGO纳米粒对MDA-MB-231细胞的体外抑瘤效果;并通过荧光显微镜研究MDA-MB-231细胞对DOX溶液、DOX@HGO纳米粒的摄取能力,以及HA预处理对DOX@HGO纳米粒摄取的影响。结果 成功制得两亲性聚合物HGO,聚合物HGO中GMO的取代度为15.8%,CAC为0.023 mg·mL^-1。DOX@HGO纳米粒呈规则的球形,平均粒径为（130.800±1.709）nm,平均电位为（-32.600±0.153）mV,包封率和载药量分别为（98.65±0.74）%和（33.03±0.17）%,在不同离子强度下、模拟胃肠液中表现出良好的稳定性;DOX@HGO纳米粒的体外释放表现出pH依赖性。体外抗肿瘤活性实验表明,DOX@HGO纳米粒对MDA-MB-231细胞的生长具有较好的抑制作用;与DOX溶液比较,DOX@HGO纳米粒显著增加肿瘤细胞对于DOX的摄取（P＜0.05） ,HA预处理显著减少肿瘤细胞对DOX@HGO的摄取（P＜0.05）。结论 所构建的DOX@HGO纳米粒具有良好的理化性质,并且具有一定的pH敏感性及靶向抗肿瘤细胞的能力,是具有应用潜力的药物载体。     

Biodegradable Nanoparticles Containing Doxorubicin-PLGA Conjugate for Sustained Release

Purpose. Doxorubicin was chemically conjugated to a terminal end group of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] and the doxorubicin-PLGA conjugate was formulated into nanoparticles to sustain the release of doxorubicin. Methods. A hydroxyl terminal group of PLGA was activated by p-nitrophenyl chloroformate and reacted with a primary amine group of doxorubicin for conjugation. The conjugates were fabricated into ca. 300 nm size nanoparticles by a spontaneous emulsion-solvent diffusion method. The amount of released doxorubicin and its PLGA oligomer conjugates was quantitated as a function of time. The cytotoxicity of the released species was determined using a HepG2 cell line. Results. Loading efficiency and loading percentage of doxorubicin-PLGA conjugate within the nanoparticles were 96.6% and 3.45 (w/w) %, respectively while those for unconjugated doxorubicin were 6.7% and 0.26 (w/w) %, respectively. Both formulation parameters increased dramatically due to the hydrophobically modified doxorubicin by the conjugation of PLGA. The nanoparticles consisting of the conjugate exhibited sustained release over 25 days, whereas those containing unconjugated free doxorubicin showed rapid doxorubicin release in 5 days. A mixture of doxorubicin and its PLGA oligomer conjugates released from the nanoparticles had comparable IC₅₀ value in a HepG2 cell line compared to that of free doxorubicin. Sustained drug release was attributed to the chemical degradation of conjugated PLGA backbone, which permitted water solubilization and subsequent release of doxorubicin conjugated PLGA oligomers into the medium. Conclusions. The conjugation approach of doxorubicin to PLGA was potentially useful for nanoparticle formulations that require high drug loading and sustained release. The doxorubicin-PLGA oligomer conjugate released in the medium demonstrated a slightly lower cytotoxic activity than free doxorubicin in a HepG2 cell line.     

Galactosylated solid lipid nanoparticles with cucurbitacin B improves the liver targetability

This study intended to prepare liver-targeting solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with a hepatoprotective drug, cucurbitacin B (Cuc B), using a galactosylated lipid, N-hexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA). The galactosyl-lipid N-HLBA was prepared via the lactone form intermediates of lactobionic acid and synthesized by anchoring galactose to hexadecylamine lipid. The Cuc B-loaded galactosylated and conventional SLNs were successfully prepared by a high-pressure homogenization method. The two SLNs showed similar physical and pharmaceutical properties, including: the particle size measured by laser diffraction was 135?nm for galactosylated SLN (GalSLN) and 123?nm for conventional SLNs (CSLN); zeta potentials were ?31.6 mV (GalSLN) and ?34.3 mV(CSLN); in vitro release behavior of the two SLNs was similar, and both showed the biphasic drug release pattern with burst release at the initial stage and prolonged release afterwards. In contrast, the two SLNs demonstrated a marked difference in in vitro cellular cytotoxicity and in vivo tissue distribution performances. The IC₅₀ values of Cuc B in the two SLNs were by far lower than those of Cuc B solution and further Cuc B-GalSLN had about half the IC₅₀ value of Cuc B-CSLN. These results indicated that the encapsulation of Cuc B in SLNs resulted in the enhancement of cytotoxic activity, and galactosyl ligand could further enhance the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of Cuc B. The weighted-average overall drug targeting efficiency (Te) was used to evaluate the liver targetability. Cuc B-GalSLN gave a relatively high (Te)_liver value of 63.6%, ～ 2.5-times greater than that of Cuc B-CSLN (25.3%) and Cuc B solution (23.8%). In summary, the incorporation of N-HLBA into SLNs significantly enhanced the liver targetability of Cuc B-loaded SLNs and GalSLN had a great potential as a drug delivery carrier for improved liver targetability.     

Brain targeted delivery of paclitaxel using endogenous ligand

The objective of the present investigation was to formulate nanoparticles constructed using PLGA polymer for the effective targeted delivery to brain via nasal route. The PLGA nanoparticles were optimized using novel design of experiment technique by 2³ full factorial design. Drug: polymer ratio (X₁), surfactant concentration (X₂) and stirring speed (X₃) were identified as critical process parameters, and its impact on particle size (Y₁) and % entrapment efficiency (Y₂) was studied. The optimized nanoparticle formulation was conjugated with glutathione as an endogenous ligand by using carbodiimide chemistry using (1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) (EDAC) as linker molecule. From Ellman's assay, it was found that a total of 691.27 ± 151 units of glutathione were conjugated upon each PLGA nanoparticle. The in vitro release studies as well as ex vivo studies revealed biphasic pattern of drug release with initial burst release followed by slow exponential release of drug over a period of 24 h. The in vivo biodistribution studies were conducted on rat following nasal administration of the nanoparticle formulation (conjugated and unconjugated) and were compared with plain paclitaxel suspension. The results clearly demonstrated that the brain targeting efficiency was enhanced with the glutathione conjugated formulation (387.474%) as compared to the unconjugated nanoparticle formulation (224.327%). Further, the in vitro in vivo correlation studies revealed good relationship (R² > 0.95) as obtained from the levy plot. Glutathione proves to be an efficient vector for the successful transport of poor bioavailable drug to the brain.     

Development of polymeric nanoparticles with highly entrapped herbal hydrophilic drug using nanoprecipitation technique: an approach of quality by design

Abstract

The intention of this study is to achieve higher entrapment efficiency (EE) of berberine chloride (selected hydrophilic drug) using nanoprecipitation technique. The solubility of drug was studied in various pH buffers (1.2–7.2) for selection of aqueous phase and stabilizer. Quality by design (QbD)-based 3² factorial design were employed for optimization of formulation variables; drug to polymer ratio (X₁) and surfactant concentration (X₂) on entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were subjected to solid state analysis, in vitro drug release and stability study. The aqueous phase and stabilizer selected for the formulations were pH 4.5 phthalate buffer and surfactant F-68, respectively. The formulation (F-6) containing drug to polymer ratio (1:3) and stabilizer (F-68) concentration of 50?mM exhibited best EE (82.12%), PS (196.71?nm), PDI (0.153). The various solid state characterizations assured that entrapped drug is amorphous and nanoparticles are fairly spherical in shape. In vitro drug release of the F-6 exhibited sustained release with non-Fickian diffusion and stable at storage condition. This work illustrates that the proper selection of aqueous phase and optimization of formulation variables could be helpful in improving the EE of hydrophilic drugs by nanoprecipitation technique.     

Quercetin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles for the targeted treatment of liver cancer

Utilization of quercetin (QT) in clinics is limited by its instability and poor solubility. To overcome these disadvantages, we prepared QT as QT-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (QPTN) and examined its properties and therapeutic efficacy for liver cancer. QT-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (QPN) and QT/coumarin-6-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (QCPTN) with coumarin-6 as a fluorescent marker were also prepared to investigate the cellular uptake by HepG2 and HCa-F cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and their effects on apoptosis of HepG2 cells were assessed with flow cytometry. The results measured using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and size analyses indicated that QPTN were stably dispersed sphere with diameter in the range of 100-200?nm. It indicated that the QT loading and encapsulation efficiency in QPTN reached 21.63% and 93.74%, respectively, and the accumulative drug release of QPTN was 85.8%, the QCPTN uptake in HCa-F and HepG2 cells were 50.87% and 61.09% using HPLC analysis, respectively. The results determined using an Annexin-PI flow cytometry indicated that QPTN could induce HepG2 cell apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. The results of histological examination and HPLC analysis confirmed that QPTN was targeted to liver cells. In vivo analysis using solid tumor-bearing mouse model indicated that QPTN could suppress tumor growth by 59.07%. Moreover, all the studied properties of QPTN were more desirable than those of QT-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (QPN). In conclusion, QPTN could be used as a potential intravenous dosage form for the treatment of liver cancer owing to the enhanced pharmacological effects of QT with increased liver targeting.     

pH响应纳米载药系统DOX@MIL-101(Fe)-NH2/HA的制备及靶向抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 制备透明质酸(hyaluronan acid，HA)修饰的纳米金属有机框架MIL-101(Fe)-NH₂载药系统，并进行体外抗肿瘤活性评价。方法 采用溶剂热法制备MIL-101(Fe)-NH₂，通过物理吸附法制备HA修饰载阿霉素的DOX@MIL-101(Fe)- NH₂/HA(DMNH)。并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、氮气吸附-脱附法等对所合成材料及载药系统进行表征。采用透析法考察了载药系统的体外释药行为，并利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察HepG2细胞对其摄取情况。结果 MIL-101(Fe)-NH₂形貌为规则的正八面体，比表面积和粒径分别为1 061.45 m²·g^-1和200 nm。载药后DMNH的尺寸均一，比表面积为205.84 m²·g^-1，粒径为300 nm。MIL-101(Fe)-NH₂的最佳载药率为65.3%，根据药物释放曲线，从装有阿霉素的MIL-101(Fe)-NH₂载药体系(DMN)、DMNH中释放阿霉素显示出时间和pH依赖性。细胞摄取试验结果显示DMNH较其他组别可以运输更多的阿霉素进入HepG2细胞。细胞毒性的结果证实在相同的药物浓度下，DMNH表现出更高的肿瘤细胞杀伤效率。结论 本研究制备的DMNH载药系统结构稳定、载药量和释药效率高，同时具有优异的肿瘤细胞靶向性及pH响应释放特性，在抗肿瘤药物靶向传输方面具有应用前景。     

N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticle-encapsulated lactosyl-norcantharidin for liver cancer therapy with high targeting efficacy

N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was synthesized and used to prepare lactosyl-norcantharidin TMC nanoparticles (Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs) using an ionic cross-linkage process. Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs with an average particle size of 120.6 ± 1.7 nm were obtained, with an entrapment efficiency of 69.29% ± 0.76%, and a drug-loading amount of 9.1% ± 0.07%. The release of Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs in vitro was investigated through a dialysis method, and its sustained effect was evident. In the human liver cancer cell line HepG2, the half-maximum inhibiting concentration (IC₅₀) of TMC-encapsulated Lac-NCTD (Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs) was only 24.2% that of free Lac-NCTD at 24 hours. Lac-NCTD induced HepG2 cell death by triggering apoptosis. In vitro cellular uptake and in vivo NIR fluorescence real-time imaging both indicated a high targeting efficacy. In comparison with Lac-NCTD and Lac-NCTD chitosan NPs (Lac-NCTD-CS-NPs ), Lac-NCTD-TMC-NPs had the strongest antitumor activity on the murine hepatocarcinoma 22 subcutaneous model.From the Clinical EditorIn this article the preparation of N-trimethyl chitosan-encapsulated lactosyl-norcantharidin nanoparticles is described that displayed efficient targeting and sustained release in a hepatocarcinoma SC murine model.     

Promising galactose-decorated biodegradable poloxamer 188-PLGA diblock copolymer nanoparticles of resibufogenin for enhancing liver cancer therapy

Liver cancer is one of the major diseases affecting human health. Modified drug delivery systems through the asialoglycoprotein receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of hepatocytes, have become a research focus for the treatment of liver cancer. Resibufogenin (RBG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine and natural anti-cancer drug that was isolated from Chansu, but its cardiotoxicity and hydrophobicity have limited its clinical applications. Galactosyl-succinyl-poloxamer 188 and galactosyl-succinyl-poloxamer 188-polylactide-co-glycolide (Gal-SP188–PLGA) were synthesized using galactose, P188, and PLGA to achieve active liver-targeting properties. RBG-loaded Gal-SP188–PLGA nanoparticles (RGPPNs) and coumarin-6-loaded Gal-SP188–PLGA nanoparticles (CGPPNs) were prepared. The in vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of nanoparticles in HepG2 cells were analyzed. The in vivo therapeutic effects of nanoparticles were assessed in a hepatocarcinogenic mouse model. The results showed that Gal-SP188–PLGA was successfully synthesized. The cellular uptake assay demonstrated that CGPPNs had superior active liver-targeting properties. The ratio of apoptotic cells was increased in the RGPPN group. In comparison to the other groups, RGPPNs showed superior in vivo therapeutic effects and anticancer efficacy. Thus, the active liver-targeting RGPPNs, which can enhance the pharmacological effects and decrease the toxicity of RBG, are expected to become a promising and effective treatment for liver cancer.