代谢组学技术的整合运用及其在中药现代化中的应用展望

代谢组学已经成为当今生物与医药领域的研究热点，作为系统生物学的核心组学，与其他组学进行的系统性研究为中药作用机制研究提供了思路和方法。质谱、核磁共振等现代分析技术作为代谢组学研究的技术平台，它们的整合运用加速了代谢组学的研究进程。本文就代谢组学技术的整合运用及研究现状作了简要的概述，并对代谢组学在中药现代化过程中的研究前景进行了展望。     

代谢组学技术在痛风类疾病研究中的应用进展

目的 探讨给予米非司酮术前预处理联合宫腔镜下妊娠物清除术在Ⅱ型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）中的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月～2018年12月期间该院收治的CSP患者临床资料。依据中华医学会妇产科学分会2016年制定的CSP分型标准，将其中初始治疗采用米非司酮术前预处理联合宫腔镜下妊娠物清除术的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型CSP患者共118例分为两组：Ⅰ型组（61例）、Ⅱ型（57例）。收集患者一般资料及手术治疗相关指标（包括手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、中转进腹率、单次手术成功率、总治愈率），评价治疗效果，并比较两组患者治疗效果有无差异。结果 两组间一般资料、手术时间、出血量、住院天数相比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。Ｉ、Ⅱ型CSP中转进腹手术率分别为3.3%和3.5%，单次宫腔镜手术成功率分别为91.8%和89.5%，无二次手术及子宫切除病例，总治愈率均为100%，两组相比较无统计学差异。Ⅱ型组术中放置球囊压迫止血例数较Ⅰ型组增加，两组间比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 米非司酮术前预处理联合宫腔镜下妊娠物清除术可同样安全有效地应用于Ⅱ型CSP患者，但围手术期需做好应对瘢痕部位大出血中转进腹行妊娠病灶清除及子宫瘢痕修补术的准备。     

代谢组学的研究现状与展望

代谢组学是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的对某一生物或细胞所有低相对分子质量代谢产物进行定性和定量分析的一门新学科,由于其广泛的应用前景,目前已成为系统生物学的重要组成部分。现简要介绍了代谢组学的含义、代谢组学研究的历史沿革、当前代谢组学研究中的分析技术、数据解析方法,综述了代谢组学在药物毒理学研究、疾病诊断、植物和中药等领域的应用情况,并对当前代谢组学研究中存在的问题及发展趋势进行探讨。     

Metabonomics Techniques and Applications to Pharmaceutical Research & Development

In this review, the background to the approach known as metabonomics is provided, giving a brief historical perspective and summarizing the analytical and statistical techniques used. Some of the major applications of metabonomics relevant to pharmaceutical Research & Development are then reviewed including the study of various influences on metabolism, such as diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. The applications of metabonomics in drug safety studies are explained with special reference to the aims and achievements of the Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology. Next, the role that metabonomics might have in disease diagnosis and therapy monitoring is provided with some examples, and the concept of pharmacometabonomics as a way of predicting an individual's response to treatment is highlighted. Some discussion is given on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities of, and threats to metabonomics.     

肝细胞性肝癌代谢组学研究进展

肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)是最常见的、发病率和死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,严重危害了人类的健康。代谢组学能够将高通量、高分辨率的分析技术与生物信息学相整合,对生物代谢层面进行研究,为寻找早期诊断肝细胞性肝癌的生物标志物、探索HCC发生的机制提供独特的视角。本文对近年来肝细胞性肝癌代谢组学研究进展进行综述,为进一步深入研究提供参考。     

代谢组学在肝肾损伤研究中的应用

代谢组学是近年来新发展起来的一门组学,已成为生物医学研究领域的新热点.由于其广泛的应用前景,目前已是系统生物学的重要组成部分.肝损伤及肾损伤是临床常见的危害人类健康的疾病,但目前的指标缺乏特异性,且灵敏度不高,造成临床上难以对肝肾损伤做出准确而及时的预警和监测.代谢组学能从代谢的角度整体分析疾病,快速、安全地对疾病的严重程度进行判别,在肝肾损伤的早期诊断等方面的研究已初显优势.本文主要综述了代谢组学技术在肝肾损伤研究中的应用现状.     

药物动力学与代谢组学对中药现代化研究的促进作用

近年来,随着药物动力学与代谢组学的深入发展,其对中药研究具有重要的理论指导意义和实践应用价值.该文综述了国内外药物动力学与代谢组学在阐明中药作用机制、给药方案、质量控制、新药开发和剂型改进、安全性与毒性评价、整体疗效与物质基础的关系、以及中药在体内的代谢指纹图谱研究等方面的具体应用,概述了两学科目前在中药研究中面临的挑...     

Metabonomic applications in toxicity screening and disease diagnosis

Biofluid NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool providing a comprehensive metabolic profile of the low molecular weight components in biofluids that reflect concentrations and fluxes of endogenous metabolites involved in key intermediary cellular pathways, thereby giving an indication of an organisms physiological or pathophysiological status [1]. The interaction of pharmacological agents with cells and tissues can also be monitored using recently developed high resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopic technology for biological matrices [1]. However, recent developments in both spectrometer and software technology has resulted in improved capacity for sample handling, leading to a rapid growth in the size of toxicological spectral databases, and increased the complexity of the biological spectral data generated. Thus more emphasis has been placed on the need to develop improved automated procedures for data processing and interpretation. By harnessing chemometric tools for analysis of complex spectral data, the toxicological consequences of xenobiotic exposure can be evaluated efficiently on line. Automation of spectral processing procedures and the construction of mathematically based 'expert systems' for the prediction of drug-induced toxicity founded on IH NMR spectral profiles have now been achieved. Chemometric analysis of biological NMR spectra has provided the main analytical platform for metabonomic analysis, providing a systems approach to evaluating pathophysiological or genetic influences on the metabolic status of an organism [1]. This technology is currently being given high-priority in the pharmaceutical industry with respect to development of efficient high throughput toxicity screening systems for lead candidate selection. In this article, we review the recent developments in metabonomics and consider their application in toxicological screening, disease diagnosis and functional genomics.     

Nanotopographical modification: a regulator of cellular function through focal adhesions

As materials technology and the field of biomedical engineering advances, the role of cellular mechanisms, in particular adhesive interactions with implantable devices, becomes more relevant in both research and clinical practice. A key tenet of medical device design has evolved from the exquisite ability of biological systems to respond to topographical features or chemical stimuli, a process that has led to the development of next-generation biomaterials for a wide variety of clinical disorders. In vitro studies have identified nanoscale features as potent modulators of cellular behavior through the onset of focal adhesion formation. The focus of this review is on the recent developments concerning the role of nanoscale structures on integrin-mediated adhesion and cellular function with an emphasis on the generation of medical constructs with regenerative applications.From the Clinical EditorIn this review, recent developments related to the role of nanoscale structures on integrin-mediated adhesion and cellular function is discussed, with an emphasis on regenerative applications.     

The assessment of plant metabolite profiles by NMR-based methodologies

NMR-based metabolic profiling techniques can simultaneously track changes in many plant metabolites and have found a number of applications in both systems biology and biosafety. Together with multivariate statistical analyses, NMR spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the characterisation of various herbs and plant products for quality control, authentication, determining geographical origin and for detecting adulteration of products. Additionally, the metabolic consequences of plant extracts have been demonstrated in experimental animals and in man using NMR-based metabonomics approaches to characterise the response. Here the application of NMR spectroscopy and chemometric tools for analysing plant-based products and their metabolic consequences are considered with particular emphasis on deconvolving biological complexity and minimising confounding biological variability with analytical 'noise'.