红花黄酮成分抑制血小板激活因子介导的血小板活化作用

目的　观察红花黄酮成分杨梅素(Myr)和山奈酚(Kae)对血小板激活因子(PAF)诱导的兔洗涤血小板聚集、5 HT释放及血小板内游离钙离子浓度升高的影响。方法　以比浊法测定家兔洗涤血小板(WRP)聚集,邻苯二甲醛(OPT)荧光法测定5-HT浓度,Fura-2荧光探针测定血小板内游离钙离子浓度。结果　Myr和Kae体外呈浓度依赖性地抑制PAF诱发的WRP聚集及5-HT释放。Myr抑制WRP聚集的IC₅₀ 为17.5 μmol·L^-1 ;抑制5-HT释放的IC₅₀ 为64.1μmol·L^-1 。Kae抑制聚集、释放作用的IC₅₀ 分别为73.7μmol·L^-1 和128μmol·L^-1 ;同时Myr和Kae均能明显抑制PAF引起的血小板内游离钙增高。结论　Myr和Kae可抑制PAF诱导的血小板活化作用     

银杏内酯B对血小板活化因子刺激的大鼠中性粒细胞功能的影响银杏内酯B对血小板活化因子刺激的大鼠中性粒细胞功能的影响

目的 研究银杏内酯B对血小板活化因子(PAF)刺激的大鼠中性粒细胞粘附、趋化及脱颗粒功能的影响。方法 从大鼠外周血分离中性粒细胞,用MTT比色法、Boyden小室法及β-葡萄糖苷酸酶释放法分别检测PAF诱导的粒细胞粘附、趋化及脱颗粒反应。结果10 μmol·L^-1 银杏内酯B可显著抑制中性粒细胞的粘附反应;1～1 000 nmol·L^-1 可剂量依赖性抑制10 nmol·L^-1 PAF诱发的粒细胞趋化反应,其IC₅₀为4.84 nmol·L^-1; 0.01～10 μmol·L^-1可抑制1 μmol·L^-1 PAF诱发的粒细胞释放β-葡糖苷酸酶,其IC₅₀为3.56 μmol·L^-1。结论银杏内酯B能够抑制PAF刺激的大鼠中性粒细胞粘附、趋化及脱颗粒反应。     

羟基红花黄色素A对血小板活化因子的拮抗作用

目的观察羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)对血小板活化因子(PAF)的拮抗作用.方法以放射受体结合试验观察HSYA抑制[3H]PAF与家兔洗涤血小板(WRP)特异性结合的作用,以比浊法观察HSYA抑制PAF介导的WRP及兔多型核白细胞(PMNs)聚集的作用.结果 HSYA可浓度依赖地抑制1,2及4 nmol·^L-1 [³H]PAF与WRP受体的结合;HSYA抑制PAF介导的WRP及兔PMNs聚集,均具明显的量效关系,其IC₅₀分别为0.99及0.70 mmol·L^-1.结论 HSYA有PAF受体拮抗作用.     

血小板激活因子和银杏内酯B对洗涤兔血小板中cAMP含量的影响

研究了血小板激活因子(PAF)和PAF拮抗剂银杏内酯B对洗涤兔血小板中cAMP含量的作用. 结果表明PAF(0.1-1.0 μmol·L^-1)对血小板的基础cAMP水平无影响, 但对前列腺素E₁(PGE₁) 2 μmol·L^-1及4,5-二氢-6-［4-(1H-咪唑-1)苯基］-5-甲基-3-(2H)-哒嗪酮(CI-930) 20 μmol·L^-1引起的cAMP升高有显著的抑制作用. 银杏内酯B能完全拮抗PAF抑制PGE₁和CI-930升高cAMP的作用, IC₅₀分别为4.7和12.5 μmol·L^-1. 合用磷酸肌酸/磷酸肌酸激酶和阿司匹林对PAF和银杏内酯B的作用均无影响. 提示PAF对磷酸二酯酶的激活作用及腺苷酸环化酶的抑制作用是PAF的直接作用，与其同PAF受体结合有关.     

卡西霉素对血小板在脑微血管内皮细胞粘附的影响及药物的阻断作用

体外实验表明calcimycin0.01μmol·L^-1刺激牛脑微血管内皮细胞25min,使兔血小板与脑微血管内皮细胞的粘附率增高17.1%。PAF受体拮抗剂WEB20860.1,1.0和10.0μumol·L^-1对血小板在脑微血管内皮细胞上粘附的抑制率分别为9.0,22.9和23.1%。DMPP0.1,1.0,10.0μmol·L^-1及Tet0.1,1.0,10。Oμmol·L^-1的抑制率分别为9.7,15.6,22.1%和7.8,15.6及24.6%,提示DMPP和Tet对脑血管有保护作用。     

银杏内酯B对脂多糖刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNFα生成及大鼠胸腔多形核白细胞NF-κB活化的影响

目的研究银杏内酯B对脂多糖刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNFα生成及大鼠胸腔多形核白细胞NF-κB活化的影响。方法用L929细胞结晶紫染色法检测TNFα的含量，用电泳迁移率改变检测法检测NF-κB的结合活性。结果1和10 μmol·L^-1银杏内酯B能够显著抑制LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNFα的生成，其IC₅₀为0.26 μmol·L^-1；1 mg·L^-1 LPS和1 nmol·L^-1 PAF均可活化大鼠胸腔多形核白细胞NF-κB；银杏内酯B能够抑制LPS或 PAF刺激的NF-κB活化。结论银杏内酯B能够抑制LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNFα生成及大鼠胸腔多形核白细胞NF-κB的活化。PAF参与LPS激活NF-κB的过程。     

蚓激酶的心肌保护作用及机制

目的研究蚓激酶对心肌缺血的保护作用，并进一步探讨其可能机制。方法采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支制备急性心肌缺血模型，观察蚓激酶对心肌缺血的保护作用；应用全细胞膜片钳和激光扫描共聚焦技术，研究蚓激酶对L-型钙电流(I_Ca-L)和细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响。结果蚓激酶80，40和20 mg·kg^-1剂量组均可缩小心肌梗死面积。膜片钳研究结果表明，当刺激电压为+10 mV时，10和50 μmol·L^-1蚓激酶使I_Ca-L降低共聚焦结果显示，在静息状态下，10 μmol·L^-1蚓激酶对［Ca²⁺］_i无明显影响；但10 μmol·L^-1蚓激酶对60 mmol·L^-1 KCl诱导的［Ca²⁺］_i升高却有明显抑制作用，并且在整个实验过程中(240 s)并未出现明显的峰值。结论蚓激酶对大鼠心肌缺血具有保护作用，其机制可能与抑制I_Ca-L及下调［Ca²⁺］_i有关。     

5-单硝酸异山梨酯对兔离体隐动脉交感嘌呤能缩血管反应的影响

采用兔离体隐动脉血管环张力实验及电场刺激诱发交感嘌呤能血管收缩实验，观察5-单硝酸异山梨酯(isosorbide-5-mononitrate，ISMN)对交感嘌呤能缩血管反应的作用，并分析其作用机制。结果表明，电场刺激(电压15 V，波宽1 ms，时程1 s)诱发兔离体隐动脉(去内皮)产生血管收缩反应。该收缩反应呈频率(2～16 Hz)依赖性，可被0.1 μmol·L^-1河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin)完全抑制。α₁受体阻断药哌唑嗪(1 μmol·L^-1)对2～8 Hz电刺激诱发的血管收缩反应无影响。P2X₁受体激动药α,β-亚甲基ATP(3 μmol·L^-1)脱敏P2X₁受体，同时联合应用哌唑嗪(1 μmol·L^-1)完全抑制电刺激诱发的血管收缩反应。采用一个标本一个浓度给药时，ISMN(0.1 mmol·L^-1)显著抑制8 Hz电刺激诱发的血管收缩反应，在0.3及1.0 mmol·L^-1时ISMN显著抑制各频率电刺激诱发的血管收缩反应； 1.0 mmol·L^-1 ISMN对电刺激诱发的血管收缩反应的抑制率分别为46%(2 Hz)、 47%(4 Hz)、 34%(8 Hz)和22%(16 Hz)。ISMN(0.3及1.0 mmol·L^-1)对外源性去甲肾上腺素(0.01～100 μmol·L^-1)或腺苷三磷酸(1 mmol·L^-1)诱发的血管收缩反应无影响。以上结果提示，ISMN显著抑制电场刺激诱发的交感嘌呤能血管收缩反应，其作用机制可能是ISMN作用于交感神经末梢突触前膜抑制嘌呤能神经递质产生的血管收缩反应。     

甲基莲心碱对兔血小板聚集功能的影响

用比浊法和放射免疫分析技术研究甲基莲心碱(Nef)抗血小板聚集作用及其对TXA₂/PGI₂与cAMP/cGMP浓度的影响。结果显示,Nef在体外明显抑制ADP,胶原,AA及PAF诱导的家兔血小板聚集,IC₅₀分别为16,22,193及103μmol·L^-1;Nef明显抑制AA诱导的血小板TXA₂的生成和释放,对动脉环PGI₂的生成有促进作用;Nef剂量依赖性地升高血小板cAMP浓度,对cGMP无明显影响。结果提示Nef抗血小板聚集作用的机理与抑制TXA₂生成,增加血管PGI₂及血小板cAMP含量有关。     

血小板激活因子刺激血小板在脑微血管内皮细胞上粘附及药物的阻断作用(英文)

目的:研究血小板激活因子(PAF)刺激脑微血管内皮细胞导致血小板在内皮细胞上粘附及WEB,DMPP和粉防己碱的抑制作用. 方法:用[~3H]腺嘌呤标记血小板探讨PAF导致血小板在脑微血管内皮细胞上粘附和药物的抑制作用. 结果:PAF 10—100 nmol L~(-1)显著增加血小板与脑微血管内皮细胞的粘附率,WEB,DMPP和粉防己碱抑制由PAF刺激而导致的血小板在脑微血管内皮细胞上的粘附. 结论:DMPP和粉防己碱能够抑制PAF对脑血管的损害作用.     

Inhibition by CV-3988 of the binding of [3H]-platelet activating factor (PAF) to the platelet

The inhibitory effects of CV-3988, a specific antagonist of PAF, on the binding of [3H]-PAF to washed platelets of various species including human were examined. The dissociation constant (Kd), binding capacity (Bmax), and the number of receptor/platelet for the specific binding site of rabbit platelets were 2.2 +/- 0.2 nM, 93.7 +/- 8.3 fmoles/10(8) platelets, and 568 +/- 50, respectively. CV-3988 selectively inhibited the specific binding of [3H]-PAF to rabbit platelets with an IC50 of 7.9 X 10(-8) M, and it slightly increased the Kd value (2.5 +/- 0.8 nM) and decreased the binding capacity for PAF (Bmax: 54.3 +/- 16.3 fmoles/10(8) platelets). The Ki value of CV-3988 for the specific binding of [3H]-PAF to rabbit platelets was 1.2 X 10(-7) M. CV-3988 had no effects on the binding of [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to rabbit platelets and on the shape change of the platelet induced by 5-HT. CV-3988 also inhibited the specific binding of [3H]-PAF to human and guinea-pig platelets with IC50 values of 1.6 X 10(-7) and 1.8 X 10(-7) M, respectively. CV-3988 inhibited the PAF-induced aggregation in rabbit, guinea-pig, and human platelets. These findings show that CV-3988 is a specific antagonist of PAF at the receptor site(s) of platelets and, in these species, inhibits PAF-induced platelet aggregation by inhibiting the binding of PAF to the "PAF receptor". No specific binding of [3H]-PAF to the platelet of rats and mice was observed, indicating that these species lack a PAF receptor.     

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化在血小板激活因子诱导血小板信号传导中的调节 …

AIM: To study the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) in platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet signal transduction cascade. METHODS: Washed rabbit platelets were used to test the inhibitory effect of genistein (Gen) on platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and pH (pHi) were measured by a dual wavelength fluorophotometer with Fura 2-AM and BCECF-AM. PTP was determined with a specific anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody by Western blotting. RESULTS: Pretreatment with Gen (100 and 200 mumol.L-1) inhibited PAF (20 nmol.L-1)-stimulated platelet serotonin release by 23.7% +/- 2.0% and 41% +/- 8%, respectively. Similar inhibitory effects of Gen were observed on PAF-evoked increase of [Ca2+]i and intracellular alkalization. PAF also elicited a pronounced increase in PTP of several bands with M(r) 70,000, 60,000, 50,000, 42,000/40,000, and 34,000, which were suppressed markedly by Gen 200 and 400 mumol.L-1. Pretreatment with staurosporine (Sta) 20 nmol.L-1, BAPTA 200 mumol.L-1, and egtazic acid 2 mmol.L-1 to inhibit PKC activation, [Ca2+]i elevation, and Ca2+ influx respectively, also showed an inhibitory effects on the formation of PTP. CONCLUSION: PTP is involved in multiple signal transduction pathways induced by PAF, on which PKC activation and calcium mobilization play a regulatory role.     

哒嗪类药物Y－909对凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙水平的影响

哒嗪类药物Ｙ－９０９对凝血酶诱导的人血小板聚集和胞浆游离钙水平的影响汪钟，于润，张宏，白建平（中国医学科学院基础医学研究所，北京１００００５）６－［对－（４－（４－甲氧基苯基）哌嗪基）－乙酰胺基苯基］－５－甲基－４，５－二氢－３（２氢）哒嗪酮｛６－［...     

Platelet-leukocyte interaction in adhesion to endothelial cells induced by platelet-activating factor in vitro.

1. Platelet-activating factor (PAF, 10 nM) did not induce platelet adhesion to endothelial cells cultured in monolayer but it induced their adhesion to protein-coated plastic. However, PAF induced a marked platelet adhesion to endothelial cells when polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were present. Lyso-PAF had no effect. 2. Phase-contrast microscopic examination showed that single platelets rather than their aggregates adhered to the endothelial cell surface around aggregating and adhering PMNs. 3. Significant platelet adhesion was induced by PAF at concentrations higher that 0.01 nM with the maximal response at 10 nM. Platelet adhesion occurred within minutes after PAF addition, reaching a maximum approximately after 30 min. Platelet adhesion also occurred significantly at a PMN:platelet ratio of 1:800, and linearly up to 1:50. 4. The PAF-induced platelet adhesion was suppressed by three structurally unrelated PAF antagonists, WEB 2086, ONO 6240 and BN 52021, in a concentration-dependent manner. 5. PAF also increased PMN adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers, which was further augmented by the presence of platelets. 6. The present study demonstrates that PAF induces platelet adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro when PMNs are present and that there is a close interaction between platelets and PMNs in their adhesion to endothelial cells. The present study further suggests that PMNs could play a central role in platelet adhesion to vascular endothlium in certain pathological conditions.