诺氟沙星胃漂浮缓释片犬体内药动学及生物等效性研究

目的:研究诺氟沙星胃漂浮缓释片与普通片在犬体内的药动学特点及生物利用度。方法:将6只家犬随机分成2组,采用2种制剂双周期随机交叉自身对照实验设计方案,分别灌服400mg诺氟沙星胃漂浮缓释片(1片)或普通片(4片),于服药前和服药后0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、13、16、24h分别取股静脉血,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定犬体内的血药浓度,用3p97药动学程序拟合,计算药动学参数并评价生物等效性。结果:诺氟沙星普通片和胃漂浮缓释片的Cmax分别为(3.51±0.57)、(2.51±0.55)μg.mL-1,tmax分别为(1.79±0.65)、(3.72±0.48)h,AUC0～24分别为(21.10±3.14)、(21.31±4.32)μg.h.mL-1,平均滞留时间分别为(5.68±0.51)、(7.71±0.67)h,胃漂浮缓释片相对生物利用度为103.5%。结论:诺氟沙星胃漂浮缓释片与普通片相比平均滞留时间延长,缓释效果更好,且2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片的制备及其在犬体内的药动学研究

目的:制备厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片,研究其在犬体内的药动学。方法:采用湿法制粒包衣的方法制备厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片;6只犬自身交叉给药,分别单剂量灌胃厄贝沙坦片和厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片150mg。采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法考察给药前和给药后0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8、12、24、36、48、72h犬血浆中厄贝沙坦浓度,采用DAS统计软件计算药动学参数及相对生物利用度,评价其缓释特性。结果:制得单剂量为150mg的厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片。厄贝沙坦片和厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片在犬体内的主要药动学参数:tmax分别为(1.21±0.76)、(5.43±3.79)h,cmax分别为(2.93×104±0.71×104)、(1.87×104±0.45×104)μg/L,t1/2分别为(14.2±4.9)、(17.5±4.7)h,AUC0-72h分别为(6.57×105±1.19×105)、(6.07×105±8.61×104)μg·h/L,胃滞留渗透泵片的相对生物利用度为(92.1±18.5)%;其中tmax、cmax均有明显差异。结论:在犬体内,厄贝沙坦胃滞留渗透泵片具有明显缓释作用。     

当归多糖铁胃内滞留缓释片的制备及其犬体内药动学

目的:制备当归多糖铁胃内滞留缓释片(APIC-FSRT),考察其体外释放度,漂浮性能及制剂在犬体内的药动学。方法:以丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚维酮等为辅料,全粉末直接压片,制备了日给药2次的当归多糖铁缓释片,考察其在人工胃液中的漂浮性,以及在0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液中的释放度。建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定血清中药物浓度,采用DAS2.0统计软件估算Beagle犬服用对照组(力蜚能组)和受试试剂后的各个药动学参数,进行统计学分析。结果:所得胃滞留缓释片累积释放百分率符合Higuchi方程。在犬体内药动学参数为AUC0-t=6.0±1.0,MRT=7.4±0.5,Cmax=1.026±0.332,缓释片与力蜚能组比较,相对生物利用度为134%。结论:当归多糖铁胃内滞留缓释片制备工艺简单,缓释效果明显,与受试制剂比有显著差异。     

维生素K1软胶囊的人体药动学及生物等效性研究

目的:建立人血浆中维生素K1浓度的HPLC-APCI-MS测定方法,并评价维生素K1软胶囊的药动学特征及其与维生素K1片剂的人体生物等效性.方法:20 名男性健康受试者随机分成2 组,分别交叉口服受试制剂和参比制剂各 10 mg,采用HPLC-APCI-MS法测定人血浆中维生素K1的浓度,估算维生素K1的药动学参数及两种制剂的人体生物等效性.结果:血浆中维生素K1的最低定量限为 0.3 ng·mL-1,在0.3～1000 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,批内及批间精密度RSD均小于15%.受试制剂与参比制剂的各主要药动学参数:tmax分别为(5.5±0.8)h和(5.0±0.8)h,cmax分别为(210.1±86.7)ng·mL-1和(194.8±60.6)ng·mL-1,t1/2分别为(8.8±1.7)h和(8.7±2.1)h,用梯形法计算AUC0～48分别为(1032.6±204.6)ng·h·mL-1和(1053.9±185.7)ng·h·mL-1.两种制剂的主要药动学参数cmax,AUC0～48经对数转换后进行方差分析及双单侧t检验,并计算90%置信区间,表明两种制剂生物等效,相对生物利用度为(99.7±21.2)%.结论:两种制剂生物等效.     

复方左炔诺孕酮片在健康人体的生物等效性研究

目的:评价两种复方左炔诺孕酮片在健康人体内的生物等效性。方法:19名健康男性受试者随机交叉给药,分别单次口服复方左炔诺孕酮片受试制剂或参比制剂1片(每片含左炔诺孕酮0.15mg和炔雌醇0.03mg),用放射免疫测定法测定左炔诺孕酮和炔雌醇的血药浓度,计算两种制剂中左炔诺孕酮和炔雌醇的药动学参数,并评价其生物等效性。结果:除了左炔诺孕酮的t1/2以外,受试制剂与参比制剂中左炔诺孕酮和炔雌醇的主要药动学参数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。受试制剂中左炔诺孕酮的相对生物利用度为(101.59±20.30)%,炔雌醇的相对生物利用度为(113.57±26.70)%。结论:两种复方左炔诺孕酮片具有生物等效性。     

盐酸西替利嗪两种制剂在人体内生物利用度比较的研究

目的盐酸西替利嗪两种制剂在人体内的生物利用度比较的研究。方法采用改进的高效液相色谱法,以盐酸羟嗪为内标,测定了20名健康男性受试者口眼盐酸西替利嗪胶囊和盐酸西替利嗪片后不同时刻血浆中西替利嗪的浓度,绘制了血药浓度-时间曲线,并求出两种制剂的主要药动学参数。结果两种制剂的主要药动学参数:Cmax分别为(905.7±185.9)和(777.1±105.8)ng/mL,Tmax分别为(0.79±0.26)和(0.90土0.45)h,t1/2分别为(7.59±1.29)和(7.73±1.46)h,AUC0→∞分别为(6774.8±1059.1)和(6603.2±1257.6)ng·h/mL.以AUC0→∞计算相对生物利用度,盐酸西替利嗪胶囊的相对生物利用度平均为(104.0±14.4)%.采用方差分析和双单侧t检验法进行两种制剂生物利用度判断。结论两种制剂生物利用度无显著性差异(P>0.05),可认为两者在人体内生物作用等效.     

依诺沙星胶囊健康人体药动学及相对生物利用度研究

目的　研究依诺沙星胶囊在健康人体内的药动学及相对生物利用度。方法　 10名健康受试者随机交叉单剂量口服依诺沙星被试及参比制剂 6 0 0mg后 ,采用微生物法测定血清中不同时间的血药浓度。用3P87软件经微机处理药—时数据。结果　两种制剂的体内过程均符合一房室开放模型。与参比制剂相比 ,被试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (10 5 .4± 10 .1) % (91.1%～ 118.5 % )。被试制剂的其他药动学参数 ,如峰时间和峰浓度分别为 (1.4 0± 0 .32 )h和 (4 .85± 0 .4 6 )mg/L ,消除半衰期与药—时曲线下面积分别为 (3.39土 0 .4 5 )h与 (2 2 .9± 3.8)mg·h·L-1,与参比制剂的药动学参数相近。统计分析表明 ,两种制剂间的药动学参数无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　两种制剂具有生物等效性     

复方氢氯噻嗪片在家犬体内的药动学和相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究自制复方氢氯噻嗪片在家犬体内氢氯噻嗪的药动学和相对生物利用度。方法:采用两制剂双周期随机交叉自身对照实验设计方案,家犬口服含25mg氢氯噻嗪的复方氢氯噻嗪片(受试制剂)与市售氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片(参比制剂),不同时间采集血样,采用高效液相色谱法测定家犬体内的血药浓度并计算药动学参数。结果:受试制剂与参比制剂的的Cmax分别为(744±87)、(693±105)ng·mL-1,tmax分别为(2.12±0.63)、(2.37±0.68)h,AUC0～24分别为(4469±571)、(4614±919)ng·h·mL-1,MRT分别为(10.19±0.84)、(10.71±0.65)h,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为98.2%。结论:受试制剂与参比制剂比较,家犬体内氢氯噻嗪药动学特征相似,相对生物利用度较好。     

小儿用复方磺胺甲(口恶)唑片的体内质量评价

目的:通过生物利用度等药动学参数的研究来评价小儿用复方磺胺甲恶唑片的质量.方法:用尿药法测定两个批号小儿用复方磺胺甲恶唑片药动学参数.结果:小儿用复方磺(口恶)唑片制剂工艺稳定,用法合理、口服生物利用度高.     

氯雷他定口崩片的人体生物等效性研究

目的建立测定人血浆中氯雷他定的高效液相色谱法(HPLC),研究氯雷他定口崩片在男性健康志愿者体内的药动学行为,评价其人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性。方法 18例健康男性志愿者随机分组自身交叉对照实验设计,单剂量口服氯雷他定口崩片受试制剂和参比制剂20mg,HPLC法测定服药后12h内不同时间血浆中氯雷他定的质量浓度,BAPP药动学程序计算相对生物利用度并评价2种制剂的生物等效性。结果受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药动学参数:tmax分别为(0.90±0.30)和(0.80±0.10)h;Cmax为(42.57±7.88)和(42.96±6.97)ng.mL-1;t1/2分别为(2.20±0.35)和(2.07±0.50)h;药时曲线下面积AUC(0→12h)分别为(126.00±23.30)和(123.24±30.55)ng.h.mL-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为104.6%±14.7%。结论建立的分析方法准确灵敏,统计学分析表明2种制剂生物等效。     

顺铂植入剂植入给药的体内外相关性

 目的：探索顺铂植入剂的体内外相关性指标。方法：体内试验采用肿瘤局部植入给药,原子吸收光谱法测定血药浓度,建立药动学模型并计算体内吸收率;体外采用改良的大杯法测定体外释放度,取样时间点为预选的关联时间点;体内外相关按中华人民共和国药典规定的“点对点”方法进行。结果：体内药动学模型为一室缓释模型,体外释放为一级方程,体内外相关试验的对应时间点数n=10,统计自由度ν=9,体内外相关系数r=0.884 2,大于临界相关系数0.847 0（P=0.001）。结论：提示本试验的体内吸收和体外释放过程具有较好的相关性。     

盐酸氨溴索缓释片体内外相关性研究

目的考察盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释放度与体内吸收的相关性。方法应用释放度测定法研究盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释药行为 ,采用HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索缓释制剂在家犬体内的血药浓度 ,按照Wagner Nelson公式计算药物的吸收分数。 结果 3种自制盐酸氨溴索缓释片与参比制剂生物等效 ,以药物累积吸收百分数 f(t)与相应时刻的体外累积释放百分数F(t)建立的一元线性回归方程 ,参比制剂与 3种自制制剂的体内外相关系数分别为 0 969、0 979、0 970和 0 983。结论盐酸氨溴索缓释片的体外释放度与体内吸收具有显著的相关性。     

The effects of vitamin A on cells of innate immunity in vitro

Retinoid treatment is suggested to promote development of inflammatory bowel disease, although preclinical studies are not supportive. We evaluated the effect of retinoids on cytokine response in in vitro-differentiated human dendritic cells (ivDCs) and macrophages (ivMACs) derived from healthy human donors and in cultured human THP-1 cells. Effect on human intestinal epithelial cell integrity was also assessed. Each cell type was incubated (±lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis-RA (isotretinoin) and 4-oxo-13-cis-RA. Cytokine analysis was performed by array analysis. Cultured human endothelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were incubated with these retinoids and media analyzed for leakage by spectrofluorometric analysis. ATRA consistently and significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β. All retinoids tested stimulated release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-10, and also monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and eotaxin-1. Incubation with retinoids did not significantly alter the permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. Pre-treatment of each cell type with retinoids promoted an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile with only minimal effect on intestinal epithelial cell permeability; consistent with in vivo studies.     

In Vitro-In Vivo Relationship of Oral Extended-Release Dosage Forms

Purpose. A method to establish the in vitro-in vivo relationship of oral extended-release products is proposed. Methods. The approach utilizes incremental amounts of drug released and absorbed within defined time intervals, to construct a ² distributed variable for testing in vitro-in vivo similarity. Results. A case study is used to demonstrate that the similarities between incremental values of in vivo absorbed and in vitro dissolved fractions are distinguishable for different dissolution profiles despite naturally significant linear correlations between cumulative in vivo absorbed and in vitro dissolved fractions (with different dissolution tests) of an oral extended-release product. Conclusions. The method enables investigators to compare different in vitro dissolution profiles of an oral extended-release product to find an optimized dissolution profile to be the surrogate of the in vivo release process of the product.     

Venoconstrictor responses to ergosine and ergosinine: Evidence for the isomerization of ergosinine

Ergosine and its D-isolysergic acid derivative ergosinine were investigated on canine saphenous veins both in vivo and in vitro. Following local i.v. infusion in vivo, about 5 times higher doses of ergosinine were necessary to produce the same venoconstrictor response as induced by ergosine. When administered orally, however, both ergot alkaloids were equi-effective. In vitro methiothepin, a 5-HT receptor blocker with high affinity for 5-HT₁ receptors, antagonized venoconstrictor responses to 5-HT and ergosine within the same concentration range, being significantly less potent when tested against norepinephrine. The reverse was true for the α₂-selective adrenoceptor blocker yohimbine, which was significantly more potent against norepinephrine and ergosine than against 5-HT, suggesting that ergosine has affinity to both 5-HT₁-like receptors and α₂-adrenoceptors. Concentration-response curves to norepinephrine were shifted to the right in a parallel fashion when ergosine or ergosinine were present in the organ baths, suggesting competitive antagonism. The blocking potency of ergosinine increased with increasing incubation times in Krebs-Henseleit solution becoming similar to that of ergosine when an incubation time of 2 hr was applied. It is suggested that the pharmacological activity of ergosinine is the consequence of an isomerization into its natural stereoisomer ergosine, which may occur both in vivo and in vitro.     

一种简易的肠道脂酶抑制剂体内筛选方法

肥胖症已成为一种严重危及人类生命的疾病,它不仅影响人们的生活质量,而且可以引发高血压、冠心病、高血脂、Ⅱ型糖尿病、某些癌症和其它疾病.胃肠道脂肪酶抑制药物是新一代的减肥药物,其主要作用是选择性的抑制胃肠道胰脂肪酶的活性,减少小肠脂肪的吸收,达到减肥效果,其中赛尼可(奥利司他)[1]为第一个上市的此类药物.但对于它的实验室研究[2],国内外文献很少有这方面的报道,故建立一个简易有效的肠道脂酶抑制剂动物筛选方法,为开发此类药物提供依据.     

氟罗沙星的体内外试验相关性研究

本文研究了新型喹诺酮类药物氟罗沙星体外溶出与体内吸收之间的相关性。实验表明，本品口服吸收在血清中达峰时间较快，作用持久，消除半衰期为９．６０ｈｒ。在人工胃液中溶出速率较快，在血清达峰之前，体内吸收与体外溶出量之间呈现良好的相关性。     

黄芩苷化合物现代常用测定方法的分析比较

黄芩的主要有效成分黄芩苷具有抗菌消炎、解热镇痛、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降压及利尿等作用。黄芩苷是许多复方中药制剂的主要成分,而中药成分复杂,对分析技术也有特定的要求。本文对黄芩苷测定技术分光光度法、色谱法、红外光谱分析法等进行了综述。     

Correlation of ‘in vitro’ release and ‘in vivo’ absorption characteristics of rifampicin from ethylcellulose coated nonpareil beads

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to develop different levels of correlation between in vitro dissolution parameters and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters for three rifampicin formulations. A level A correlation of in vitro release and in vivo absorption could be obtained for individual plasma level data by means of the Wagner and Nelson method. Linear correlation could be obtained when percent dose released in vitro was plotted vs percent dose absorbed in vivo with correlation coefficients between 0.954, 0.983 and 0.997 for the formulations studied. A second level correlation between mean in vitro dissolution time (MDT) and mean in vivo residence time (MRT) was performed with a correlation coefficient of 0.536, 0.420 and 0.335. Finally, it was also possible to establish a good in vitro–in vivo correlation when the T_50%hrs (time taken to release 50% of rifampicin) in vitro and C_max, T_max or AUC in vivo were compared.