高效液相色谱法测定何首乌中二苯乙烯苷及大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量

目的：探讨高效液相色谱法（HPLC法）对何首乌中有效成分二苯乙烯苷及大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷含量进行测定。方法：采用Phenomenex C18（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相选择乙腈∶水=25∶75,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为322nm,柱温为25℃。结果：二苯乙烯苷的线性回归方程为：Y=3.247×105X+1.951×104（r=0.9999）,在4.021～40.12μg/mL范围内线性关系良好;大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷线性回归方程为：Y=1.501×105X+0.352×104（r=0.9998）,在0.012～25.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好。二苯乙烯苷的平均加样回收率为99.79%,RSD=1.23%,大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷平均加样回收率为99.51%,RSD=1.52%。结论：高效液相色谱法测定何首乌中的两种有效成分,操作简单快速,稳定性好,精密度高,重现性好,为何首乌中有效成分的含量测定提供了有效的方法。     

益肾乌发口服液中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚的含量测定

目的 建立益肾乌发口服液中2,3,5,4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚含量的测定方法,从指标成分角度来探讨益肾乌发口服液毒性与何首乌的关系,并为益肾乌发口服液的质量控制提供方法.方法 采用HPLC法,C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);测定二苯乙烯苷的流动相为乙腈-水(25:75),检测波长为320hm,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,柱温:25℃;测定大黄素大黄素甲醚的流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(80:20),检测波长为254nm,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,柱温:25℃.结果 二苯乙烯苷在0.1μg～10μg、大黄素在0.0168μg～1.68μg、大黄素甲醚在0.0208～1.04μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r分别为0.9989(n=8)、0.9984(n=8)、0.9966(n=8);平均回收率:二苯乙烯苷为99.33%,大黄素为99.998%,大黄素甲醚为99.576%;RSD:二苯乙烯苷为0.68%,大黄素为1.11%,大黄素为1.29%.结论 高效液相色谱法测定益肾乌发口服液中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚的含量方法操作简单、灵敏度高、干扰少、重现性好、回收率高,可用于益肾乌发口服液的含量测定.初步证实益肾乌发口服液的毒性可能与君药制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚的含量有关,应控制其剂量范围,避免不良反应的发生.     

HPLC同时测定不同何首乌中的两种蒽醌类成分

目的 比较生何首乌、制何首乌及其发酵产品中游离型和结合型蒽醌类成分的含量.方法 采用HPLC法测定了不同何首乌蒽醌中两者的含量.色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸(70:30),检测波长为254 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min-1.结果 大黄素、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为0.02～0.40 μg (r=0.9994)、0.01～0.20μg(r=0.9994),游离大黄素与大黄素甲醚测定的平均回收率分别为99.9%(RSD=1.9%)、97.9%(RSD=1.5%),总大黄素与大黄素甲醚的平均回收率分别为95.8%(RSD=3.7%)、105.9%(RSD=2.2%).结论 何首乌经炮制和发酵后,结合型蒽醌的含量明显低于生何首乌,文中方法准确可靠,可用于何首乌的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定养血生发胶囊中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定养血生发胶囊中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚含量的检测方法,从指标成分角度来探讨养血生发胶囊毒性与何首乌的关系,并且为养血生发胶囊的质量研究提供依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法,Hypersil C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);测定二苯乙烯苷采用流动相:乙腈-水(19 81),检测波长:320nm;测定大黄素、大黄素甲醚采用流动相:甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(80:20),检测波长:254nm。结果二苯乙烯苷在0.005～0.5mg/mL,大黄素在0.00168～0.084mg/mL,大黄素甲醚在0.00104～0.052 mg/mL,范围内呈良好线性关系;平均回收率:二苯乙烯苷98.66%,大黄素为95.80%,大黄素甲醚为97.70%;RSD:二苯乙烯苷为1.23%,大黄素为1.63%,大黄素甲醚为1.89%。结论本方法检测快速,定量准确,线性关系、重现性、稳定性较好、回收率较高,可用于养血生发胶囊的含量测定。初步证实养血生发胶囊的毒性可能与何首乌有关,蒽醌类物质可能是养血生发胶囊的毒性成分。     

HPLC法测定何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量的方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,以十八烷基硅烷键合相硅胶为固定相（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,色谱纯乙腈-水（25∶75）,检测波长325nm,流速为1.0ml/min,色谱柱柱温30℃,测定何首乌中主要成分二苯乙烯苷的含量。结果：何首乌中二苯乙烯苷进样量在0.200～4.000μg范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为Y=152.92X＋45.67（r=0.9997）;平均回收率为99.96%。结论：该方法操作简单、方便、准确、重复性好,用于测量二苯乙烯苷的含量可信度高。     

不同炮制辅料对何首乌药效成分含量的影响

目的研究不同炮制辅料对何首乌药效成分含量的影响,为选择何首乌炮制辅料提供依据。方法分别采用5种不同炮制辅料制备制何首乌,高效液相色谱法按照2015年版中国药典中制何首乌成分含量测定方法分别测定制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷、游离蒽醌的含量,比较不同炮制辅料对何首乌中药效成分含量的影响。结果炮制辅料基本都会降低制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷和游离蒽醌的含量。不同炮制辅料制备的制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量从高到低依次为空白对照何首乌>米泔水制何首乌>生姜汁制何首乌>甘草汁制何首乌>熟地汁制何首乌>黑豆汁制何首乌,游离蒽醌含量从高到低依次为甘草汁制何首乌>空白对照何首乌>米泔水制何首乌>熟地汁制何首乌>黑豆汁制何首乌>生姜汁制何首乌。不同炮制辅料制备的何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量均高于2015年版中国药典中的要求,而游离蒽醌含量均未达到2015年版中国药典中的要求。结论不同炮制辅料对制何首乌中药效成分含量的影响不同。     

一测多评法测定决明子中蒽醌苷元类和萘并吡喃酮苷类有效成分含量

目的建立决明子中蒽醌苷元类和萘并吡喃酮苷类有效成分含量的一测多评法。方法采用Sunfire C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长278 nm和284 nm,测定橙黄决明素与红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚间的相对校正因子,并考察其重现性,比较计算值与测得值的差异。结果红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷、橙黄决明素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚分别在:0.0503~1.5078、0.3197~9.5899、0.5070~15.2108、0.4027~12.0814μg范围呈良好线性;回归方程分别为:Y=4.95X+2.01(R2=0.9998)、Y=1.03X+0.03(R2=0.9999)、Y=3.98X-0.12(R2=0.9993)、Y=4.81X+0.26(R2=0.9996);用一测多评法对6批决明子中大红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚进行测定,与外标法实测值基本一致。结论该方法可靠,结果准确,可用于决明子的质量控制。     

益肾降糖胶囊质量控制方法的研究

目的 建立益肾降糖胶囊的质量控制方法.方法 2018年9月至2019年3月,运用薄层色谱法(TLC)对益肾降糖胶囊中的制何首乌、赤芍、玄参、黄芪、山药、黄芩进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定芍药苷、二苯乙烯苷和黄芩苷的含量.采用Ultimate?XB-C18(4.6×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;以甲醇-0.2％磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为230 nm(芍药苷)和320 nm(二苯乙烯苷、黄芩苷),柱温为40℃.结果 制何首乌、赤芍、玄参等TLC图斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性对照无干扰.芍药苷、二苯乙烯苷、黄芩苷质量浓度分别在31.320～234.900μg/mL(r=0.9991),3.939～14.772μg/mL(r=0.9995)、36.080～270.600μg/mL(r=0.9995),范围线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为98.96％,99.91％,99.89％,(RSD分别为0.76％,1.16％,1.41％,n=6).结论 该方法准确简便,重现性好,可用于益肾降糖胶囊的质量控制.     

不同产地何首乌有效成分的含量研究

目的利用高效液相色谱法对不同产地何首乌中二苯乙烯苷进行含量测定,从而比较不同产地何首乌的质量。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),色谱柱:Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6×250mm,5μm),检测波长:320nm,流动相:乙睛-水(15∶75),流速:1.0mL.min-1,柱温:20℃。结果何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的浓度在40~360μg.mL-1范围内线形关系良好,其回归方程Y=37529x-235.29(r=0.9997),高效液相色谱图中共有峰的精密度、重现形和稳定性的RSD均小于3%,符合相关规定。结论从何首乌有效成分二苯乙烯苷的含量可判断,因产地不同而造成的何首乌质量差异明显存在以广西、四川产何首乌质量较好。     

高效液相色谱法测定夕阳红口服液及制何首乌中大黄素的含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法测定夕阳红口服液及制何首乌中大黄素的含量方法。方法 :用KromasilC18柱 ,以甲醇 0 .1%磷酸溶液 (85∶15 )为流动相 ,流速 1mL·min-1,检测波长 436nm。结果 :夕阳红口服液中大黄素浓度线性范围为 2 .3～6 8mg·L-1,r =0 .9997,平均回收率为 99.5 % ,RSD为 1.4% (n =5 )。结论 :方法简便、准确、重现性好 ,可作为该制剂的含量测定方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.