环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circRNAs）是自然形成的广泛且多样的存在于生物体中的一类非编码RNA（ncRNA）。不同于传统的线性RNA，circRNA 呈封闭的环状结构，其结构稳定、丰度高、不受外切酶的影响、具有物种保守性及组织特异性。这些特点使circRNA 具有许多潜在的功能，如发挥microRNA（miRNA）海绵的作用、结合RNA 结合蛋白和参与基因的转录等。近来的研究证明circRNA 通过调节肿瘤相关基因的表达，与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。本文就circRNA 在肿瘤中作用的研究进展进行了综述。     

姜黄素调控非编码RNA抗肿瘤的研究进展

姜黄素是姜黄中一种小分子多酚化合物，是姜黄发挥生物活性的最主要成分，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等广泛的药理作用。近年来，非编码RNA（ncRNA）作为姜黄素潜在的治疗靶点被广泛研究。姜黄素可通过ncRNA影响调控肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移的关键信号通路或直接作用于相关蛋白进而发挥抗肿瘤作用。综述了姜黄素参与调控微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（LncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）发挥抗肿瘤作用的情况，希望对姜黄素的抗肿瘤研究提供参考依据。     

环状RNA与缺血性脑卒中相关研究现状

环状RNA(circRNA)是在近些年被高度关注的一种非编码RNA。越来越多的研究结果显示，circRNA在缺血性脑卒中发病机制中发挥了重要作用，并有望成为缺血性脑卒中治疗靶点和临床检测标志物。文章就circRNA与缺血性脑卒中相关研究现状进行综述。     

环状RNA的出核机制及在肿瘤中作用的研究现状

环状RNA(circRNA)作为一类非编码RNA(ncRNA),具备一些生物特性,包括特殊的圆环结构、较长的半衰期、相对保守性及较好的稳定性等。circRNA在各种疾病中的重要调控作用。并且circRNA可通过竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)机制,转录调控外泌体携带等调控肿瘤进展。在此,本文阐述了circRNA的几种环化理论和相关出核机制,以及circRNA在肿瘤中顺利出核后,如何在胞质及胞外发挥其生物学功能。circRNA在多种肿瘤都可作为一个有前景的标志物。因此对circRNA出核机制及核外生物学功能的深入研究将为临床上的肿瘤治疗提供新线索。     

低表达抑癌环状RNA在胃癌诊断及预后中作用的Meta分析 #br#

目的 通过Meta分析探讨低表达环状RNA（circRNA）对胃癌诊断及预后判断中的价值。方法 检索国外 主要医学数据库，包括 PubMed，Embase和 Web of science，搜索有关 circRNA与胃癌预后及诊断的相关研究，检索时 限均为建库至 2019年 6月。由 3名研究者独立筛选文献，提取相关数据并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险，采用 Stata 14.0 进行 Meta分析。结果 共有 20篇文献纳入研究，9篇文献进行预后 Meta分析，16篇文献进行诊断 Meta分析。结果 发现低表达抑癌circRNA与更差的临床病理特征相关，预后Meta分析结果显示高表达抑癌circRNA与较好的总生存 期（OS）相关（HR=0.37，95%CI：0.29~0.48），诊断 Meta分析结果显示汇总后的敏感度为 0.73（95%CI：0.66~0.79），特异 度为 0.77（95% CI：0.68~0.84），汇总受试者工作特征曲线（SROC）AUC为 0.81（95% CI：0.77~0.84）。结论 低表达抑 癌circRNA对胃癌患者预后判断及诊断均有一定价值，但仍需要更多高质量的临床研究进一步证实。     

环状RNA在乳腺癌中的研究进展 #br#

环状 RNA（circRNAs）是一种具有闭环结构的非编码 RNA。近年来随着高通量测序技术和生物信息学的 快速发展,越来越多的 circRNA在肿瘤组织中被发现。研究表明,circRNA在细胞中可以通过微小 RNA（miRNA）海 绵或者与蛋白结合的机制,进而调控靶基因的转录及翻译,从而广泛参与细胞生长、分化、发育和凋亡在内的病理生 理过程,为相关疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供新的方向。乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,具有高度异质性,以肿瘤 分子生物学特征为基础的治疗靶点的确立已成为个体化精准治疗的关键。本文对 circRNA的形成机制、生物功能及 其对乳腺癌发生、发展和预后的影响进行综述。     

环状RNA在肺纤维化中的作用研究进展

肺纤维化是一种慢性、进行性且致命性的疾病,其特征是肺实质中纤维化组织异常积聚,死亡率高,预后差.越来越多的研究表明,环状RNA(circRNA)及其相互作用参与肺纤维化进程,然而其作用机制仍不清楚.本综述系统总结了circRNA的分类和功能,circRNA通过上皮-间充质转化、成纤维细胞激活和肌成纤维细胞活化、巨噬细胞...     

环状RNA在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及意义

目的:研究环状RNA(circRNA)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)中的表达情况,探讨circRNA在子宫内膜异位症发病机制中的作用。方法:通过高通量测序技术对4例子宫内膜异位症(观察组)及4例对照者(对照组)的静脉外周血进行circRNA筛查,用R语言软件包对数据进行标准化处理,比较两组之间circRNA表达的差异。结果:通过高通量测序技术,共得到363个circRNA在子宫内膜异位症组及对照组之间差异有统计学意义,其中有192个高表达的circRNA和171个低表达的circRNA。并发现6个表达显著的circRNA,has-circRNA-001808,has-circRNA-402533及has-circRNA-405971呈现低表达;has-circRNA-000881,has-circRNA-406655及has-circRNA-023016呈现高表达。结论:子宫内膜异位症患者静脉外周血中呈现差异性的circRNA表达,circRNA可作为子宫内膜异位症的标志物。     

非编码RNA调节骨质疏松的研究进展

随着人口老龄化,骨质疏松的发病率显著增加,严重影响患者的生活质量。近年来,随着表观遗传学的深入研究,非编码RNA（包括长链非编码RNA、微小RNA、环状RNA）成为研究热点,已发现其可参与多种疾病的调节。越来越多的证据表明非编码RNA在骨代谢过程中发挥重要的调节作用,具有作为骨质疏松的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶标的巨大潜力。因此对骨质疏松相关的非编码RNA的研究进展进行综述。     

环状RNA表达与肺腺癌生物学功能的关联性研究

目的：探索环状RNA(circRNA)表达水平与肺腺癌发病的关联性。方法：选取江苏大学附属人民医院胸外科接受部分或根治性手术治疗的肺腺癌患者25例，术中提取患者的肺腺癌组织和癌旁正常组织。采用高通量测序技术(RNA-seq)在5对肺组织中筛选肺腺癌组织异常表达的circRNA, qRT-PCR实验检测20对肺组织标本中测序差异表达倍数前10位的10个circRNA表达水平，circRNA/miRNA/mRNA(ceRNA)网络互作图分析部分差异表达的circRNA与miRNA、mRNA的互作关系，克隆实验、细胞划痕实验及Transwell实验检测circRNA对肺腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。结果：测序结果显示，肺腺癌组织中共285个circRNA表达异常，其中102个circRNA表达上调，183个circRNA表达下调。qRT-PCR实验结果显示，测序结果中表达上调差异倍数前五位的circRNA和表达下调差异倍数前五位的circRNA异常表达方向与测序结果一致，且hsa＿circ＿0002360为表达差异倍数最高的circRNA。生物信息学分析显示，hsa＿circ＿0002...     

环状RNA在肺动脉高压中的研究进展

环状RNA是一种稳定、保守的凭借共价键首尾相连的闭合环状RNA，研究表明环状RNA和多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。肺动脉高压（PH）是一类以肺血管阻力进行性升高为特征的肺血管疾病，其发病机制尚不明确。近年来越来越多的研究提示环状RNA在PH的发生发展中可能扮演重要角色，为PH的诊断和治疗提供新线索。该文结合环状RNA在PH领域的研究现状，综述其在PH中的作用和机制。     

脑神经胶质瘤替莫唑胺耐药 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络的构建

目的 筛选脑神经胶质瘤替莫唑胺耐药细胞株U87/TR与亲本细胞株U87的环状RNA(circRNA)差异表达谱以及构建关键环状RNA(circRNA)-微小RNA(miRNA)-信使RNA(mRNA)调控网络.方法 2020年1—6月,应用circRNAs芯片检测神经胶质瘤替莫唑胺耐药细胞circRNAs差异表达谱,并进行RT-PCR验证.用miRanda数据库预测circRNA-miRNA靶向结合关系,通过miRanda v5、TargetScan、miBase数据库预测靶基因,Cytoscape软件构建circRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络.结果 circRNA芯片结果显示,与U87细胞比较,U87/TR细胞有313个差异有统计学意义表达的circRNAs(P<0.05),其中145个显著上调,168个明显下调;RT-qPCR验证结果与芯片结果相符.miRNA靶位点预测结果显示,关键上调人环状RNAhsa_circRNA_009054,hsa_circRNA_104338(n=3,t=12.09、9.52,P=0.007、0.011)以及下调hsa_circRNA_016459,hsa_circRNA_101975(n=3,t=13.86、7.75,P=0.005、0.016)可与hsa-miR-33a-5p,hsa-miR-15b-3p以及hsa-miR-193b-5p,hsa-miR-23a-5p等多个miRNAs靶向结合,关键circRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络包括4个关键circRNAs,20个关键miRNAs,以及278个关键mRNAs.结论 cir?cRNA在脑神经胶质瘤替莫唑胺耐药细胞中异常表达,hsa_circRNA_009054,hsa_circRNA_104338以及hsa_circRNA_016459,hsa_circRNA_101975等关键circRNA可能通过circRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络参与脑神经胶质瘤替莫唑胺的耐药过程.     

Integrating analysis of circular RNA and mRNA expression profiles in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity mice

Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity impedes its clinical application, but the mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. Based on circRNA and mRNA expression profiles, we illustrated RNA expression signature changes during DOX-induced cardiotoxicity; mechanism exploration and biomarkers screening were also conducted. Twelve mice were randomly divided into two groups, induction group was treated with doxorubicin, and the control group was given an equal quantity of saline. After the confirmation of myocardial injury in induction group, the heart tissues from both groups were isolated for RNA high-throughput sequencing. The expression profiles were compared between the two groups; a total of 295 mRNAs and 11 circRNAs were shown as biased expression in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity mouse hearts. The dysregulation of three circRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR: mmu_circ_0015773, mmu_circ_0002106, and mmu_circ_001606. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of the differentially expressed RNAs were performed; the results implied that DOX might cause cardiotoxicity by interfering hemoglobin-based oxygen delivery and DNA-associated signal pathways. We integrated the differential expressed mRNA and validated circRNAs by constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, which indicated that the alteration of the three circRNAs could activate apoptosis process of myocardial cells. This study provided novel insight into the mechanisms of DOX induced cardiotoxicity, and potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets were also proposed.     

Are national hospital data adequate for coding injury severity?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether accurate severity scores, using the abbreviated injury scale (AIS), could be produced from hospital discharge data held on the National Health Statistics Centre (NHSC) computer files. The data from two New Zealand trauma studies, in which AIS scores had been assigned to patient injuries, were linked to the patient data on NHSC computer files and AIS scores assigned for those injuries that were present. Sixty-five percent of the injuries for which a link was made were scorable and of these, there was 54% agreement between the AIS scores generated from NHSC data and the scores from the trauma studies. Percent agreement varied with body area, whether the injury was from a single or multiple injury victim, and with the severity of injury. Recommendations include a revision of data collection and NHSC data coding to incorporate AIS scores, and to educate medical personnel regarding AIS in order that they collect appropriate information so that AIS may be coded on the patient's discharge form.     

Comparison of static plantar foot pressure between healthy subjects and patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

The objective of the present study was to compare changes in plantar foot pressure parameters during quiet standing between patients with adolescent idiopatic scoliosis (AIS) and healthy subjects. Twenty-one volunteers (AIS, n=10; healthy, n=11) were recruited for a simple blinded study. Using X-ray imaging, Cobb’s angle and pelvic height were measured in the monitor. Using a force plate, plantar foot pressure parameters were measured during quiet standing. In the analysis of Cobb’s angle and pelvic height, the AIS patients showed a significant increase compared to the healthy subjects. Furthermore, the regional plantar foot pressure of the AIS patients was significantly increased compared to that of the healthy subjects. These results suggest that AIS affects plantar foot pressure parameters. Therefore, the present data may contribute to our understanding of the body alignment of patients undergoing orthopedic physiotherapy.     

血清sTREM1联合ABCD-3I评分对短暂性脑缺血发作患者近期缺血性脑卒中的预测价值分析

目的 探讨血清可溶性髓系细胞触发受体1（sTREM1）联合ABCD-3I评分对短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）患者近期缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的预测价值。方法 288例TIA患者根据ABCD-3I评分将其分为低危组（102例）、中危组（131例）、高危组（55例）,另根据患者90 d后是否发生AIS分为AIS组（41例）和非AIS组（247例）。收集患者的年龄、性别、基础疾病等一般资料,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清sTREM1水平。结果 高危组的年龄、糖尿病比例、高血压比例、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平、sTREM1水平和AIS比例均高于中危组和低危组（P<0.05）,中危组的sTREM1水平高于低危组（P<0.05）。AIS组年龄、高血压比例、LDL-C水平、ABCD-3I评分、sTREM1水平均高于非AIS组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,ABCD-3I评分和sTREM1水平较高均是TIA患者近期发生AIS的危险因素（P<0.05）。ABCD-3I评分和sTREM1预测TIA患者发生AIS的曲线下面积分别为0.795（95%CI：0.723~0.867）和0.755（95%CI：0.672~0.839）,两者联合后曲线下面积提升至0.881（95%CI：0.830~0.932）。结论 血清sTREM1联合ABCD-3I评分对TIA患者近期AIS的预测价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。