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1.
海胆多糖的化学与药理研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海胆是1种低等的海洋无脊椎动物,属于棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)海胆纲(Echinoidea),具有较高的营养价值和潜在的药用价值。本文重点综述了来源于海胆的岩藻聚糖、半乳聚糖、杂多糖、糖胺聚糖和中性葡聚糖的单糖组成、糖苷键类型、硫酸根位置与数量、重复单元等一系列结构特征,及其抗凝与抗血栓、免疫调节与抗肿瘤作用等生物活性,并对海胆多糖的化学与生物活性进行了讨论与展望。  相似文献   

2.
目的 对市售海胆药材进行商品调查,并研究其热稳定性。方法 在国内沿海3市实地调查并收集海胆样品;用热重法(TG)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)对7个品种的海胆进行分析。结果 海胆药材市售商品流通量小,多属陈货,其中马粪海胆和海刺猬为主流品种,虾夷马粪海胆为日本引进品种。海胆的TG曲线基本一致,均有2个失重阶段,第一阶段为27~529℃,质量损失为2.38 %~5.06 %;第二阶段在612~805℃,质量损失为38.89 %~40.41 %;DSC曲线中,海胆样品在27 ℃至600 ℃区间均具1个较强吸热尖峰、1个吸热宽峰和2个放热峰,其中细雕刻肋海胆、虾夷马粪海胆的两个放热峰极弱。结论 7个品种市售海胆药材的热稳定性较好,并可通过热分析中的特征峰数量、位置、峰形和峰值大小等鉴别几种海胆。  相似文献   

3.
成功倒计时     
与鲸、海豹等身体硕大的海洋哺乳动物相比,海獭算得上是小个子了。海獭属于鼬科动物,成年海獭体长1.5米,体重在40公斤左右。它们生活在阿留申群岛周围的海域中,智能在某些方面超过了类人猿。比如在捕食海胆时,它们会从水底捞起一块石头,自己平躺在水面,将石头放在肚皮上,然后用两只前爪抓住海胆用力地往石块上砸,直至将海胆坚硬的壳砸破,这样便可以享受鲜美的海胆肉了。  相似文献   

4.
海胆化学和药理学研究概况   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
海胆纲(Echinoidea)属棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)的游在亚门(Eleutherozoa),有球海胆科(Stronglocentrotidae)、毒棘海胆科(Toxopneustidae)、长海胆科(Echi-nometridae)等科。海胆有多种药用价值,据  相似文献   

5.
海胆的研究进展及其应用现状   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
概述我国海胆的古文献记载、生物学种属、分布;海胆的化学成分、药理作用及其工业化产品、专利等研究进展。  相似文献   

6.
《中国海洋药物》2009,28(3):34-38
目的应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立马粪海胆的HPLC指纹图谱,为海胆药材的鉴别及质量控制提供新方法。方法采用反相C18色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相,二元线性梯度洗脱,流速为0.8mL·min-1,柱温为室温,检测波长210nm,进样量20μL;进行了12批海胆样品的指纹图谱分析。结果该分析方法具有很好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,10批马粪海胆指纹图谱有12个共有峰,结合相似度分析可以用于海胆药材的质量控制。结论海胆HPLC指纹图谱是海胆药材真伪鉴别及质量控制的有力工具。  相似文献   

7.
《中国海洋药物》2010,29(5):54-56
对海胆的种属、资源分布及药用情况进行了概述,并综述海胆壳的化学成分及生物活性研究进展。  相似文献   

8.
海胆黄多糖的分离、纯化及免疫活性测定   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
目的从光棘球海胆中分离纯化海胆黄多糖(polysaccharidefromtheeggsofStrongylocentrotusnu-dus,简称SEP),确定其纯度和分子量,并现察其免疫活性。方法海胆黄先经丙酮脱脂,根据正交实验和活性分析确定最佳热水提取条件,然后热水提取、去蛋白、醇沉得海胆黄粗多糖。粗多糖经超滤、DEAESepharoseFastFlow及SephacrylS-400柱层析纯化得多糖精品SEP。经高效液相色谱、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及纸层析鉴定其纯度。高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定其分子量。体外脾淋巴细胞增殖实验测定其免疫活性。结果从海胆黄中分离纯化得到的均一多糖组分SEP,经检测其分子量为1950KD左右。脾淋巴细胞增殖实验表明SEP可显著促进脾淋巴细胞的增殖。结论从海胆黄中分离纯化得到的均一多糖组分SEP具有较强的体外免疫活性。  相似文献   

9.
《中国海洋药物》2009,28(6):26-30
目的通过对采自黄海海域的马粪海胆生殖腺的营养成分分析,为马粪海胆资源的开发利用提供理论依据。方法水分、灰分、蛋白质均采用国标测定;总糖采用苯酚-硫酸法测定;粗脂肪采用索式提取法测定;脂肪酸采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定;无机元素采用原子吸收法测定。结果马粪海胆生殖腺水分含量64.20%,灰分含量12.70%,粗脂肪含量2.34%,蛋白质含量12.25%,总糖含量5.59%。脂肪酸成分中花生四烯酸和EPA含量较高。无机元素中Ca、Mg、Fe等营养元素含量较高。结论马粪海胆生殖腺的营养成分含量丰富,具有较好的开发利用价值。  相似文献   

10.
目的 优化马粪海胆生殖腺中多糖的纯化方法,并评价其体外对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用.方法 马粪海胆生殖腺经水提取、木瓜蛋白酶结合Sevage法除蛋白、透析后醇沉、干燥制得马粪海胆总多糖,总多糖应用Sephacryl S-300凝胶柱色谱分离纯化;采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量;通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试多糖的体外抗肿瘤作用.结果 马粪海胆生殖腺的水提液应用木瓜蛋白酶结合Sevage法除蛋白效果最佳,木瓜蛋白酶最佳用量为100∶6(海胆脱脂粉与酶质量比),制得总多糖的纯度达90%;总多糖及分离得到的2个多糖体外对人肝癌Bel7402细胞表现出生长抑制作用.结论 该纯化方法步骤简单、易操作,所得多糖理化性质好、易溶于水,适用于马粪海胆生殖腺多糖的纯化.  相似文献   

11.
We previously reported the partial purification and characterization of a toxic substance (sea urchin toxin) isolated from the pedicellariae of the sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus (Nakagawa and Kimura, Jpn J Pharmacol 32: 966-968, 1982). In the present study, we examined the effect of sea urchin toxin on catecholamine secretion and synthesis in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Sea urchin toxin inhibited the secretion of catecholamines stimulated by carbachol and nicotine but not by veratridine or a high concentration of K+. The toxin inhibited the carbachol-evoked influx of 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ at concentrations similar to those for catecholamine secretion. The inhibition of catecholamine secretion by sea urchin toxin was not overcome by increasing the concentration of carbachol. Preincubation of cells with the toxin caused a time-dependent inhibition in the secretion stimulated by carbachol even when the toxin was removed from the incubation medium. The toxin suppressed catecholamine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in carbachol-stimulated cells. In addition, sea urchin toxin inhibited [3H]phencyclidine binding to adrenal medullary cells whereas it did not alter cyclic GMP accumulation caused by muscarine. Further purified fractions from sea urchin toxin by concanavalin A affinity column chromatography also inhibited carbachol-evoked secretion of catecholamines. These results suggest that sea urchin toxin inhibits carbachol-enhanced secretion and synthesis of catecholamines by suppression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated Na+ influx and subsequent Ca2+ influx in cultured adrenal medullary cells.  相似文献   

12.
The present study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of nepetin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside, compounds isolated from the aerial parts of Eupatorium ballotaefolium. The antimitotic activity was determined as the ability to inhibit sea urchin eggs development and five tumor cells lines growth. Moreover, the activities of these compounds were compared to quercetin in the same models. Nepetin inhibited the proliferation of the five tumor cell lines, once quercetin-3-O-glucoside did not present any activity even at the highest tested concentration and quercetin only inhibited proliferation of the B16 cell line. On the sea urchin assay, nepetin and quercetin induced a dose-dependent inhibition on egg development, while quercetin-3-O-glucoside did not modify normalegg cleavage, even at the highest tested concentration (100 microg/ml).  相似文献   

13.
The present study was carried out to examine possible differential silver distribution among several tissues of three marine invertebrate species: the shrimp Penaeus duorarum, the sea hare Aplysia californica, and the sea urchin Diadema antillarum. Animals were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of silver (1 or 10 microg/L) in seawater for 48 h. In gill-breathing species (shrimp and sea hare), higher silver accumulation in gills were associated with higher hemolymph silver levels. Furthermore, sea urchin showed lower hemolymph silver concentrations than shrimp and sea hare. These findings suggest that gills are an important route for silver uptake in marine invertebrates. In both sea hare and shrimp, hepatopancreas silver accumulation was concentration-dependent and this organ accumulated the most silver after 48 h of exposure, suggesting a possible involvement of the hepatopancreas in both silver accumulation and detoxification in marine invertebrates. In shrimp and sea hare, substantial silver accumulation in nervous tissues was detected, suggesting the need for further studies on possible behavioral effects of silver in these invertebrate species. In sea urchin, egg mass accumulated more silver than other tissues analyzed, indicating the need for future studies on possible reproductive effects of silver in sea urchin. In all three species, the lowest silver concentrations were observed in muscle, suggesting a low potential of this tissue for trophic transfer of silver.  相似文献   

14.
Echinoderms are known to readily incorporate metals in their calcified endoskeleton. It is currently unclear if this has an impact on the skeleton function or if this can be considered as a detoxification mechanism. In the present work, populations of the sea urchin Echinus acutus and the starfish Asterias rubens were studied in stations distributed along a metal contamination gradient in a Norwegian fjord (S?rfjord). Ossicles involved in major mechanical functions - sea urchin spine and starfish ambulacral plate - were analyzed for their metal concentration (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and their biometric and mechanical properties. Starfish plates were more contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn than sea urchin spines. Cu concentrations were at background levels. In E. acutus, metals principally affected size. In A. rubens, material stiffness and toughness were decreased in the most contaminated station. This reduction is attributed either to the direct incorporation of metals in the calcite lattice and/or to deleterious effects of metals during skeleton ontogenesis. The contrasting incorporation of metals in the skeleton of the two investigated species accounts for the different impact of the metals, including in terms of fitness. The present results clearly indicate that, at least in A. rubens, incorporation of metals in the skeleton cannot be considered as a detoxification mechanism.  相似文献   

15.
海参多糖是1种富含硫酸基团的杂多糖,结构复杂,具有多种生物活性,其生物活性与海参多糖本身的化学组成、相对分子质量、硫酸化模式等结构特征息息相关。为了更好地研究海参多糖的生物活性,全面总结海参多糖结构的分析方法,综述海参中性聚糖、海参岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素和海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的结构特征,以期为海参多糖的生物活性及构效关系等后续研究提供理论基础。  相似文献   

16.
A series of 4-azapodophyllotoxin derivatives with modified rings B and E have been synthesized using allylpolyalkoxybenzenes from parsley seed oil. The targeted molecules were evaluated in vivo in a phenotypic sea urchin embryo assay for antimitotic and tubulin destabilizing activity. The most active compounds identified by the in vivo sea urchin embryo assay featured myristicin-derived ring E. These molecules were determined to be more potent than podophyllotoxin. Cytotoxic effects of selected molecules were further confirmed and evaluated by conventional assays with A549 and Jurkat human leukemic T-cell lines including cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, cellular microtubule disruption, and induction of apoptosis. The ring B modification yielded 6-OMe substituted molecule as the most active compound. Finally, in Jurkat cells, compound induced caspase-dependent apoptosis mediated by the apical caspases-2 and -9 and not caspase-8, implying the involvement of the intrinsic caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway.  相似文献   

17.
Of the 600 species of sea urchins, approximately 80 may be venomous to humans. The long spined or black sea urchin, Diadema setosum may cause damage by the breaking off of its brittle spines after they penetrate the skin. Synovitis followed by arthritis may be an unusual but apparently not a rare sequel to such injury, when implantation occurs near a joint. In this case report, osseous changes were not seen by plain x-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to expose the more salient features of both soft tissue and bone changes of black sea urchin puncture injury 30 months after penetration. In all likelihood, this type of injury may be more common than the existing literature at present suggests. It is believed to be the first reported case in this part of the world as well as the first MRI study describing this type of joint pathology. Local and systemic reactions to puncture injuries from sea urchin spines have been described previously. These may range from mild, local irritation lasting a few days to granuloma formation, infection and on occasions systemic illness. The sea urchin spines are composed of calcium carbonate with proteinaceous covering. The covering tends to cause immune reactions of variable presentation. There are only a handful of reported cases with sea urchin stings on record, none of them from the Red Sea. However, this condition is probably more common than is thought and can present difficulty in diagnosis. In this case report, the inflammation responded well to heat treatment, mobilization and manipulation of the joint in its post acute and chronic stages. As some subtle changes in soft tissues and the changes in bone were not seen either on plain x-rays or ultrasound scan, gadolinium-enhanced MRI was used to unveil the marked changes in the joint.  相似文献   

18.
Screening for the Developmental Toxicity of Retinoids: Use ofthe Sea Urchin Model.KAHN, T. A., BLUMER, J., SILVERMAN, R.A., AND BICKERS, D. R. (1988). Fundam Appl. Toxicoi. 11, 1 511-518.Retinoids are being used increasingly in dermatologic practice.Fetal malformation is a major form of toxicity associated withcertain retinoids. In this study, the developmental toxicityof isotretinoin, its metabolites, and a structurally relatedanalog, tretinoin, were evaluated using the sea urchin model.The American sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, completes its majordevelopmental stages within 24 hr and has been previously utilizedfor screening human teratogens. The parent compound, isotretinoin,induced dose-dependent delayed rather than dysmorphic developmentof the sea urchin embryo. In contrast, its metabolites, 4-oxo-isotreti-noinand 4-oxo-tretinoin, and the analog tretinoin induced strikinglydysmorphic development This may indicate that the metabolitesof isotretinoin, rather than the parent compound, may 3 be responsiblefor the fetal abnormalities observed in the "isotretinoin teratogensyndrome." Therefore, the sea urchin model might serve as adiscriminating and rapid screening test for identifying otherpotential developmentally toxic retinoids.  相似文献   

19.
Two abietane diterpenes were isolated from a hexane extract of Hyptis martiusii roots and identified as carnasol 11,14-dihidroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one. These compounds were tested for their antiproliferative effects on tumor cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and on the sea urchin egg development. Both compounds displayed cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines, but only carnasol was able to inhibit the sea urchin egg cleavages.  相似文献   

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