糖尿病肾病患者采用血液透析治疗的临床护理进展

目的:对糖尿病肾病患者在进行血液透析治疗后需要进行的临床护理工作以及其疗效情况进行分析。方法:对在我院进行血液透析治疗的糖尿病患者进行分析和研究,患者均是在2017年7月到2018年3月之间在我院进行治疗的,一共有144例,这些患者当中的一部分人分为对照组,另外一部分人分为护理组,每组当中的患者人数都是72例。对照组患者进行常规方式护理,护理组患者在进行常规护理的条件下,进行一定的综合护理。对两组患者的临床护理效果进行比对。结果:在对患者进行护理的过程中,护理组的总满意度达到了97.23%,和对照组相比明显较高,其组间差异在统计学方面具有意义,p小于0.05。结论:糖尿病肾病患者在进行临床血液透析治疗之后,如果及时进行一定的综合护理干预,能够让患者的心理状况大幅度改善,让患者的护理满意度提升,可以在临床阶段进行大规模的普及和推广。     

急腹症腹腔镜探查100例诊治体会

目的在外科急腹症的诊断和治疗中,采用腹腔镜进行探查,对其的应用价值进行分析和研究。方法我院在2011年11月至2013年3月期间,一共收治了100例急腹症患者,对这些患者采用腹腔镜进行探查和治疗,并对其的临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结。结果对这些患者进行腹腔镜探查,患者得到了明确的诊断,对80例患者进行腹腔镜手术治疗;16例患者进行中转开腹治疗;有4例患者再次进行手术治疗。结论在急腹症患者的诊断中,采用腹腔镜探查可以使患者得到及早的确诊,并给患者进行及时的治疗。对患者的适应证和禁忌证进行有效的把握,结合患者的病情对患者进行手术的选择,以便更好的对患者进行治疗。     

新生儿黄疸蓝光治疗及舒适安全护理体会

目的：对于新生儿在黄疸蓝光治疗方面进行科学护理,对护理效果进行观察。方法：我院对患有高胆红素血症新生儿进行蓝光治疗,随机分组,包括实验组和对照组。实验组除了进行常规的基本护理,还要对其进行针对性的治疗,在治疗的过程中,在各种护理治疗时,会出现一些问题,需要对其采取及时有效的措施;而对照组,仅按照新生儿光疗进行常规的护理治疗,对两组患儿护理结果进行效果对比。结果：我院对实验组进行护理时,患儿出现问题几率与对照组相比,明显下降30%左右。结论：我院对新生儿出现黄疸进行蓝光治疗时,存在着基本的护理问题,医护人员要及时对患儿进行科学治疗。     

剖宫产同时行子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床研究

目的本文研究的目的旨在探讨在进行剖宫产手术的同时,进行子宫肌瘤剔除方法的安全性以及可行性的问题,从而更好的为患者提供治疗方案。方法选取2006年5月至2011年6月,来我院进行剖宫产手术同时进行剔除子宫肌瘤术的90例患者当作观察组。同时,选取129例单纯进行剖宫产手术的同时期患者当作对照组。然后比较两组孕妇(一组在进行剖宫产手术的同时,进行子宫肌瘤剔除,一组单纯的剖宫产手术)的手术时间,出血量,血红蛋白的差异,肛门排气时间,住院时间,术后恶露干净时间。结果在进行剖宫产手术的同时进行子宫肌瘤的剔除,与单纯进行剖宫产手术相比较,除了手术时间稍微延长一些,手术中的出血量,手术之后的回复时间,住院时间长短,恶露干净的天数以及手术前后的血红蛋白差都没有明显的差别。结论在进行剖宫产手术的同时,进行子宫肌瘤的剔除,是可行和安全的。与此同时,还会减少因子宫肌瘤的存在造成的产后出血的风险,减少患者再次受到手术的痛苦,减少了患者的家庭负担。     

子宫下段剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠22例临床分析

目的对子宫下段剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的发病原因、诊断、治疗等临床资料进行分析。方法随机抽取2007年～2011年期间患子宫瘢痕妊娠的患者22例,对患者的临床资料进行分析。结果根据患者的身体情况以及疾病的程度,对患者进行相应的手术治疗。对其中9例患者进行子宫动脉栓塞手术治疗,栓塞后对患者进行清宫术,且患者术后的出血现象较小。对5例患者进行单纯的MTX保守手术治疗,对5例患者进行腹腔镜下的子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除手术治疗以及对患者进行子宫修补手术,对3例患者进行超声检测下的清宫术。且患者在相应的手术治疗后,均手术成功。结论根据患者的自身情况以及其疾病的程度,对患者及早的进行诊断并且进行相应的手术治疗,对患者的疾病治疗有一定的帮助,有一定的临床意义。     

消化道肿瘤患者口服替吉奥化疗的临床效果观察

目的对口服替吉奥进行化疗的患者进行观察,根据实际情况对其临床效果进行分析。方法将来我院治疗的消化道肿瘤患者进行选取,从中选取2014年2月至2015年2月的40例患者进行分析,将这些患者分为对比组和研究组。对比组中的20例患者进行常规药物的治疗;在研究组中,对20例患者进行常规治疗的同时,还需要为患者使用替吉奥进行化疗。对两组患者进行及时地观察,对相关的治疗效果进行记录,通过对记录进行分析。结果根据两组患者不同的记录情况可以分析出,研究组中消化道肿瘤患者的治疗效果明显优于对比组中消化道肿瘤患者的治疗效果,同时在研究分析中发现研究组的消化道肿瘤患者出现的不良反应主要包括:恶心呕吐和白细胞减少等,研究组的总体不良反应率是明显低于对比组的总体不良反应率。结论对消化道肿瘤患者使用口服替吉奥的方法进行化疗,这种方法的治疗效果是比较优良的,在治疗的过程中出现的不良反应相对较少,有利于提高患者的治疗效果,值得在此类患者的治疗中进行推广使用。     

膀胱癌患者术后行膀胱化疗药物灌注的护理

目的探究对膀胱癌患者术后进行膀胱化疗药物灌注的护理。方法选取2009～2011年在本院进行治疗的膀胱癌患者45例,患者均进行手术治疗,术后进行膀胱化疗药物的灌注,并对患者进行护理,并对治疗效果进行观察。结果从结果来看,患者在化疗药物灌注后,发生尿路刺激症状4例,发生率为8．89％,未见其他并发症。经随访有2例复发。结论对于膀胱癌术后的患者来说,在进行化疗药物膀胱内灌注时,进行细致的护理,提高护理的质量,对减少化疗药物的副作用和提高患者的生活质量有一定的作用。     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术分析

目的对结直肠癌患者用腹腔镜进行手术的效果进行分析研究。方法对近两年在本科用腹腔镜手术进行治疗的结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行分析。结果在本科进行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的26例患者,手术过程均顺利,手术后对患者进行随访,所有患者的胃肠功能均恢复正常,且无并发症发生。结论对结直肠癌患者进行治疗时用腹腔镜手术疗效好,而且患者也不易产生并发症,安全性高,应该在以后的治疗中推广此种手术方法。     

120例老年人胆囊手术临床分析

目的：探究120例老年人胆囊手术临床分析。方法120例老年胆囊疾病患者,进行手术治疗,观察其治疗情况和并发症情况。结果120例老年胆囊手术中65例患者进行胆囊切除手术,占总观察患者的54.17%,55例老年胆囊患者进行部分切除手术,占总观察患者的45.83%。在实施胆囊手术之后,有20例患者出现并发症,经过医务人员的精心护理和对症治疗,120例老年人胆囊患者都康复出院,等待复查。结论对老年胆囊患者进行积极治疗,手术之前进行准备,手术当中进行观察,依据不同情况进行部分切除和全部切除,同时辅以及时的优质护理,可确保大部分老年患者都能够顺利康复出院,及时进行治疗,术后进行系统护理以及防范并发症的发生,可以很大程度的降低老年胆囊患者的并发症发生率和死亡率。     

人性化理念提升心内科患者护理满意度的效果研究

目的:对人性化管理的理念进行分析,进一步提升心内科患者在护理过程中的满意度。方法:对2016年9月到2018年1月在我院心内科进行治疗的150例患者进行分析和研究,对照组当中有75例患者。观察组当中有75例患者,对照组通过常规护理的方式进行护理,观察组通过人性化护理的方式进行护理,对两组患者的护理满意度进行对比。结果:和对照组的82.7%进行比较可以发现,观察组的护理满意度达到97.3%,具有明显差距,P0.05。结论:心内科患者进行人性化护理具有非常显著的效果,值得在临床上进行全面推广。     

微生物来源的抗真菌抗生素的研究进展

近年来,随着真菌感染性问题的日趋严重,研究开发安全、新型和有效的抗真菌药物显得尤为重要.抗真菌药物根据其作用靶位分为抑制真菌细胞膜、细胞壁、蛋白质和核酸合成及抑制电子传递等5种类型.现从这5个方面对微生物来源的抗真菌抗生素研究进展作一概述.     

Novel antitumor antibiotics, CI-940 (PD 114,720) and PD 114,721. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity

The novel, broad-spectrum antitumor antibiotics, CI-940 (PD 114,720) and PD 114,721 are components of bioactive compounds produced by a novel actinomycete (ATCC 39366). The organism is unique in that whole cell analysis revealed LL-diaminopimelic acid and major amounts of arabinose. These new antibiotics exhibit potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo versus an array of tumors and possess strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. The above antibiotics are produced in 7,570-liter fermentors at yields of 5 approximately 8 micrograms/ml.     

Novel antifungal antibiotics octacosamicins A and B. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities

Two antifungal antibiotics octacosamicins A and B were isolated from the culture broth of a strain of actinomycetes, which was identified as a strain of Amycolatopsis. These antibiotics were isolated by resin adsorption and purified by column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Both antibiotics were found to be new substances from their physico-chemical properties. They showed broad antifungal spectra.     

Novel antifungal antibiotics maniwamycins A and B. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological properties

Two antifungal antibiotics maniwamycins A and B were isolated from the culture broth of a strain of actinomycetes, which were classified as Streptomyces prasinopilosus. These antibiotics were isolated by resin absorption and extraction with EtOAc and purified by column chromatography. Both antibiotics were found to be new azoxy substances from their physico-chemical properties. They showed broad antifungal spectra.     

Identification of antibiotics of iturin group in various strains of Bacillus subtilis.

Thirty eight strains of B. subtilis were tested for the presence of antifungal antibiotics of the iturin group. The characterization of these antibiotics was made on the basis of: antifungal activity against P. chrysogenum, isolation and purification of the active substance, quantitative analysis of alpha-aminoacids and identification of the liposoluble dipeptide obtained by partial hydrolysis. The only antibiotics of the iturin group found were: iturin A, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin L.     

Antifungal activity upon Saccharomyces cerevisiae of iturin A, mycosubtilin, bacillomycin L and of their derivatives; inhibition of this antifungal activity by lipid antagonists.

The antifungal activity of three antibiotics of the iturin group: iturin A, mycosubtilin, bacillomycin L and of eleven methylated and acetylated derivatives of these antibiotics was tested upon Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The lowest MIC values were found for natural antibiotics. The substitution of polar groups diminished the antifungal activity. Various lipids, sterols, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters and phospholipids were tested as inhibitors of the antifungal activity of iturin A, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin L. Cholesterol was the strongest inhibitor upon the three antibiotics; ergosterol, oleic acid and cis-vaccenic acid were less potent inhibitors. Among phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline inhibited bacillomycin L and iturin A while diphosphatidyl glycerol inhibited bacillomycin L and mycosubtilin. The inhibitory effect appeared to be dependent on the nature of both the hydrophilic group and the fatty acid part of phospholipids.     

Section Review: Anti-infectives: The potential of novel antifungal drugs for the treatment of disease in the immunocompromised host

There is a growing need for new antifungal drugs to complement those already in clinical use. Analogues and new formulations of existing drugs continue to give improvements in chemotherapy, but this account concentrates on possible new areas of development. These have been inspired chiefly by results from screening for new natural products. The most promising are three groups of antibiotics targeting the fungal cell walls. The echinocandins and related lipopeptides and their semisynthetic derivatives, and the papulacandin glycolipids are potent specific inhibitors of β-(1–3)-glucan synthesis. Pradimicins and benanomicins bind to mannan in the cell wall, but then target the cell membrane, disrupting its function. A wide range of other novel antifungal natural products, some with very unusual structures, are currently under critical investigation. The possible selective antifungal activity of members of the families of immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporins and rapamycins, is worthy of further study. In a different approach, much current research in the metabolism and molecular biology of pathogenic fungi is directed ultimately at rational design of specific antifungal agents, but at present this is a hope for the future.     

住院患者抗真菌药应用调查分析

目的:研究用药流行趋势及医师处方习惯。方法:调查我院住院患者抗真菌药的应用情况,采用WHO推荐的"限定日剂量"方法及Ghodse教授建议的"药物利用指数"方法,对抗真菌药物进行可回顾性分析。结果:抗真菌药使用基本合理,但真菌感染与广谱抗生素的滥用有相当密切的关系,抗菌谱广而不良反应小的抗真菌药将取代不良反应大的药物。结论:应提倡合理应用抗生素以减少真菌感染的发病率。真菌感染的诊断和治愈应以临床和真菌检验为依据,使抗真菌药的使用更趋向合理性。     

抗真菌药物研究进展

综述近年来抗真菌药物的研究进展,包括抗真菌抗生素与合成抗真菌药.还概述了开发中的新药.     

Empirical antimicrobial treatment for chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia

Febrile neutropenia in immunocompromised hosts is associated with a high mortality. Empirical treatment in such cases is instituted to cover the common pathogens. Generally, combination antibiotic treatment is used early in the febrile neutropenia phase. Recent studies demonstrate that monotherapy with certain beta-lactam antibiotics can be equally effective. Glycopeptide antibiotics are used in the absence of an adequate response to the initial antibiotics. Empirical antifungal therapy may be given if fever does not settle in 72-96 h despite antibiotics. Newer antifungal agents have increased the available options for initial antifungal agents though more data are needed before any conclusive recommendation can be made. Recent changes in the epidemiology of multiresistant organisms necessitate local microbiological input into empiric policies with increasing need to consider cover for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, glycopeptide intermediate S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Gram-negative bacilli that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii.