RP-HPLC测定盐酸奈必洛尔含量和有关物质

目的建立反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸奈必洛尔含量和有关物质。方法采用的色谱柱为ODS色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以甲醇为溶剂,进样浓度:0.5 g.L-1,0.05 mol.L-1的磷酸盐缓冲液(2%三乙胺,pH=3.5)∶乙腈∶甲醇=200∶115∶40为流动相;检测波长为280 nm。结果盐酸奈必洛尔峰与杂质峰分离良好,盐酸奈必洛尔浓度在31.71～158.55 mg.L-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),最低检检测限为5 ng。方法精密度RSD为0.35%。结论采用反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸奈必洛尔含量及其有关物质方法快速简便,结果准确。也可用于该品制剂中有关物质和含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸艾司洛尔的含量及其有关物质

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定盐酸艾司洛尔原料、注射液的含量和有关物质的方法。方法:采用HypersilCN(4.6mm×200mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-冰醋酸-0.1mol.L-1醋酸钠溶液(45∶1∶54)为流动相,紫外检测波长:274nm,流速:1.0mL.m in-1,柱温:室温,进样量:20μL。结果:本方法能分离原料和注射液中盐酸艾司洛尔及其有关物质,盐酸艾司洛尔在80~320mg.L-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9(n=7)。平均回收率为(100.3±1.2)%(n=9)。结论:本方法简便快速、稳定可靠,可用于盐酸艾司洛尔含量及其有关物质的测定。     

RPHPLC法测定盐酸曲美他嗪片的含量和有关物质

目的建立测定盐酸曲美他嗪片的含量和有关物质的RP HPLC法。方法色谱柱为Diamon-silTMC18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇0.03 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(体积比为15∶85,pH=3.0)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为225 nm。结果盐酸曲美他嗪在5~50 mg.L-1内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;平均回收率为100.4%,RSD为1.6%;检出限为25μg.L-1;有关物质各杂质峰与主峰之间的分离良好。结论该测定方法可作为盐酸曲美他嗪的含量测定方法,以控制其原料及制剂的质量。     

HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液的含量和有关物质

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液的含量和有关物质的方法。方法采用Welchrom-C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.01 mol.L-1磷酸氢二铵溶液(用磷酸调pH值至7.0)-乙腈(50∶50),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为248 nm。结果盐酸氨溴索在0.091～0.212 mg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.60%(n=9)。结论采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氨溴索注射液的含量和有关物质,方法简便,结果准确可靠。     

HPLC测定盐酸替罗非班的含量和有关物质

目的 采用HPLC法测定盐酸替罗非班的含量及有关物质.方法 采用Venusil XBD C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(磷酸调pH2.3)-乙腈(72:28),流速1.0 mL· min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长227 nm.结果 主成分与各杂质峰的分离度良好,盐酸替罗非班10.0～ 100.0 μg· mL-1与峰面积有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.4％,RSD=1.3％ (n =9),检测限和定量限分别为0.3、1.0 ng.结论 所用方法专属性强、灵敏度高,适用于盐酸替罗非班的含量和有关物质的测定.     

HPLC测定肾上腺色腙注射液的含量及有关物质

目的测定肾上腺色腙注射液的含量及有关物质。方法采用HPLC法,用Zorbax C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);甲醇-0.01 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,磷酸调pH3.8)(25:75)为流动相;流速1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长355 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μl。结果在该色谱条件下,肾上腺色腙与其相邻杂质峰能完全分离,在10~100μg.ml-1线性关系良好(r2=0.9999)。结论所建方法简便、准确、专属性好,可作为肾上腺色腙注射液中主药的测定及有关物质检查。     

HPLC测定注射用盐酸雷莫司琼中主药和有关物质的含量

目的测定注射用盐酸雷莫司琼中主药及有关物质的含量。方法采用HPLC法,用Krom asil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.01 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾(磷酸调pH4.0)(20:80)为流动相,流速1.0 m l.m in-1,检测波长220 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μl。结果在该色谱条件下,盐酸雷莫司琼与其相邻杂质峰能完全分离,在0.0587~0.2056 mg.m l-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999)。结论该法简便、准确、专属性好,可以作为本品的含量测定及有关物质检查。     

RP-HPLC梯度洗脱法测定盐酸伊托必利的有关物质

目的:建立RP-HPLC梯度洗脱法测定盐酸伊托必利的有关物质。方法:Alltima C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为0.05 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(调节pH至4.0)-乙腈进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL.min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长258nm,进样量20μL。结果:本文色谱条件中盐酸伊托必利与杂质有较好分离,盐酸伊托必利浓度在1～10μg.mL-1范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=5),最低检测限为6 ng。结论:本法简便、专属,重复性好,可用于测定盐酸伊托必利的有关物质。     

HPLC整体柱测定利福平注射液的含量及有关物质

目的建立一种更快速灵敏可重现的使用整体柱测定利福平注射液含量和有关物质的HPLC法。方法色谱柱:Chromolith performance RP-18e(100 mm×4.6 mm,流动相:[乙腈-0.075 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液-1.0 mol.L-1枸橼酸溶液-四氢呋喃(体积比为40∶90∶10∶3)]-甲醇(体积比为3∶2),流速:2.0 mL.min-1,检测波长:254 nm。结果在选定色谱条件下,有关物质与主药分离良好,利福平在6~240 mg.L-1内质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为100.0%(n=9)。结论该方法可用于利福平注射液中利福平的含量及有关物质的测定。     

HPLC测定盐酸阿扎司琼氯化钠注射液的含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定盐酸阿扎司琼氯化钠注射液含量及有关物质的方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Luna C18柱,流动相为0.03 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液-甲醇(63:37,磷酸调pH3),检测波长330nm.结果 盐酸阿扎司琼5～140μg·ml-1与峰面积的线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.9%,RSD=0.47%(n=6),有关物质检查限度为1.0%.结论 所建方法准确、简便、快速,适用于盐酸阿扎司琼氯化钠注射液的质量控制.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.