三七高效液相色谱数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立三七HPLC数字化指纹图谱。方法采用RP-HPLC法,CenturySIL C18BDS(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速0.9 mL.min-1。紫外检测波长203 nm,柱温(40.0±0.15)℃,进样量5μL。以"中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统"软件进行评价。结果以人参皂苷Rb1峰为参照物峰,确定20个共有峰,建立了三七HPLC数字化指纹图谱。应用色谱指纹图谱指数F等参数对不同批次三七的HPLC指纹图谱的超信息特征进行了数字化评价。结论所建立的HPLC数字化指纹图谱具有较好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,适用于三七药材的质量控制。     

附子HPLC数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立附子HPLC数字化指纹图谱。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法,以Century SILC18 AQ色谱柱,0.1mol.L-1NaH2PO4水溶液-甲醇为流动相,低压线性梯度洗脱,流速：1.0mL·min^-1,柱温：（30±0.15）℃,检测波长：280nm。用＂中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0＂软件从分离度、信息量、定性定量相似度等6个方面对不同批次的附子HPLC指纹图谱进行潜信息特征数字化评价。结果以鸟苷峰为参照物峰,确定了41个共有峰,建立了四川江油地区附子的HPLC数字化指纹图谱。应用色谱指纹图谱指数F等参数对不同产地附子HPLC指纹图谱的超信息特征进行了数字化评价,获得了判别附子质量的重要数字信息,以双定性双定量相似度法评价附子批间质量稳定性。结论所建立的HPLC指纹图谱具有较好的精密度和重现性,适用于附子药材的信息质量控制。     

柴胡舒肝丸高效液相色谱数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立柴胡舒肝丸（Chaihushugan Pills,CHSGPs）HPLC数字化指纹图谱。方法采用RP-HPLC法,以色谱指纹图谱分离量指数RF为目标函数优化选择指纹图谱条件,以宏定性相似度Sm和宏定量相似度Pm评价CHSGPs质量。用＂中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0＂软件计算CHSGP-HPLC指纹图谱的50个参数并进行超信息特征数字化评价,同时计算统一化指纹图谱技术的定点指数和定信号指数并进行评价。结果以黄芩苷峰为参照物峰,确定57个共有指纹峰,建立了CHSGP-HPLC数字化指纹图谱。通过聚类分析确定用其中13批生成对照指纹图谱（RFP）,以此RFP为标准,用系统指纹定量法鉴别评价20批柴胡舒肝丸的质量。鉴别出10批质量合格,7批化学成分数量和分布比例不合格,其余3批含量明显偏低。结论数字化指纹图谱可揭示中药质量控制的多维有效信息,结合系统指纹定量法可有效控制CHSGPs质量。     

附子理中丸数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立附子理中丸HPLC数字化指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用Century SIL C18 BDS色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为1%冰醋酸水-1%冰醋酸甲醇低压梯度洗脱,检测波长：280nm,柱温：30℃,进样量：5μL。用“中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0”软件从分离度、信息量、相似度等6个方面对不同批次的附子理中丸指纹图谱进行潜信息特征数字化评价。同时以双参照物体系标定指纹峰的峰位、洗脱动量数ε、折合相对积分φ。结果建立了附子理中丸HPLC数字化指纹图谱,以5-羟甲基糠醛峰为参照物峰,确定31个共有峰,获得了判别附子理中丸质量的重要数字信息,以双定性双定量相似度法评价附子理中丸批间质量稳定。结论所建立HPLC数字化指纹图谱具有较好的精密度和重现性,适用于附子理中丸的质量控制。     

牛黄解毒片HPLC数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立牛黄解毒片（Niuhuangjiedu Tablets,NHJDT）HPLC数字化指纹图谱,为牛黄解毒片质量控制提供依据。方法采用RP-HPLC法,用＂中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0＂软件计算牛黄解毒片HPLC指纹图谱的46个参数并进行潜信息特征数字化评价。以双参照物体系标定指纹峰的洗脱动量数δ、折合相对积分φ。结果以黄芩苷峰为参照物峰,确定51个指纹峰,建立了NHJDT-HPLC数字化指纹图谱。以双定性双定量相似度法评价不同批次牛黄解毒片质量。结论所建立的HPLC数字化指纹图谱具有较好的精密度和重现性,适用于牛黄解毒片质量控制。     

苦参HPLC数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立苦参药材HPLC数字化指纹图谱。方法选用反相BDS色谱柱,以1％醋酸水与1％醋酸乙睛为流动相线性梯度洗脱,在265nm紫外波长检测,洗脱时间90min,流速1．0mL·min^-1,柱温（30±0．15）℃,使用“中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3．0”软件进行评价分析。结果测定了10批不同产地苦参药材HPLC指纹图谱,以苦参新醇O为参照物峰,确定35个共有峰,建立了苦参药材的HPLC指纹图谱,并运用超信息特征及双定性双定量相似度等参数对不同产地苦参指纹图谱进行了数字化评价。结论本研究所建立的分析方法具有较好的精密度和重复性,为苦参药材质量控制提供了新方法。     

银黄片高效液相色谱数字化定量指纹图谱研究

目的 建立银黄片(Yinhuang tablet,YHT)数字化定量指纹图谱.方法 采用RP-HPLC法,以Agilent Poroshell 120 SB C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150 mm,2.7 μm),0.2％磷酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相,线性梯度洗脱,流速为0.5 mL·min-1,柱温(35±0.15)℃,紫外检测波长为278 nm,进样量为5μL.用“中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统4.0”软件计算13批银黄片的色谱指纹图谱指数等46个参数进行潜信息特征数字化评价.结果 以黄芩苷(BCL)为参照物峰,确定29个共有指纹峰,建立了YHT-HPLC数字化定量指纹图谱.用系统指纹定量法鉴定13批YHT中1批质量极好,3批质量很好,1批质量好,其余质量劣.结论 本法可清晰定量化揭示银黄片HPLC指纹图谱的超信息特征,为银黄片质量控制提供新参考.     

HPLC数字化指纹图谱控制甘草质量

目的建立了不同产地甘草HPLC数字化指纹图谱的质量控制方法。方法采用反相HPLC法以色谱指纹图谱指数F为目标函数优化选择指纹图谱检测条件,用“中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3．0”软件评价并建立其数字化指纹图谱。结果以甘草酸（Glycyrrhizin,GHIA）为参照物峰,确定52个指纹峰,获得了判别其质量的重要数字化信息,并以双定性双定量相似度法评价不同产地甘草质量稳定性。结论所建立HPLC数字化指纹图谱可清晰反映甘草药材的质量。     

苦苣菜HPLC数字化指纹图谱研究

目的 建立苦苣菜的HPLC数字化指纹图谱。方法 用CenturySIL DS色谱柱（200mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为1％醋酸水和1％醋酸甲醇，梯度洗脱，流速为1．0mL·min^-1检测波长为265nm，柱温为（30±0．15）℃，进样量为5μL。用“中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3．0”软件计算10批苦苣菜HPLC指纹图谱的色谱指纹图谱指数F和色谱指纹图分离量指数RF等42个参数进行潜信息特征数字化评价。以双参照物体系结合定量结构-性质相关（QSPR）原理标定指纹峰的表观分子量、峰位、洗脱动量数δ、折合相对积分函。结果以绿原酸为参照物峰，确定32个共有峰，建立了10批苦苣菜HPLC数字化指纹图谱，并以双定性双定量相似度评价10批苦苣菜的质量。结论本方法可清晰地揭示苦苣菜HPLC指纹图谱的超信息特征，为苦苣菜质量控制提供了参考依据。     

柏子养心丸的高效液相色谱数字化指纹图谱研究

目的建立柏子养心丸(Baizi Yangxin Wan,BZYXW)HPLC数字化指纹图谱,从整体化学指纹角度定量控制其质量。方法 采用RP-HPLC法,以Century SIL C18BDS柱(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱;流动相A为0.1%磷酸-水溶液,B为0.1%磷酸-乙腈溶液;梯度洗脱;紫外检测波长228nm;柱温(35.0±0.15)℃。用"中药色谱指纹图谱超信息特征数字化评价系统3.0"软件对BZYXW-HPLC数字化指纹图谱进行评价。结果以绿原酸为参照物峰,确定56个共有指纹峰,建立了BZYXW-HPLC数字化指纹图谱。以46个数字化参数评价指纹图谱和其代表的质量情况,用16个数字化指数鉴别出1批样品不合格,用系统指纹定量法鉴定12批BZYXW中2批质量极好,6批质量很好,2批质量好,1批质量中,1批质量为劣。结论所建立的BZYXW-HPLC数字化指纹图谱能准确反映BZYXW质量变化,是全面控制其质量的可靠方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.