粤东土茯苓水煎液体外抑菌效应试验

目的：研究粤东土茯苓水煎液体外抑菌效应。方法：用水解蛋白冻肉汤测定药物对金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠杆菌，肺炎克雷伯菌等5种细菌的抑菌试验。结果：粤东土挟苓水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌．白色念珠菌作用较强，其中的金黄色葡萄球菌MIC7．81mg／L，白色念珠菌的MIC15．63m／L。结论：粤东土茯苓水煎液对白色念珠菌，金黄色葡萄球菌有较强抑菌作用．可供开发此品种作参考。     

佛手抗菌活性及其药效成分橙皮苷对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用机制研究

摘要：目的 探究佛手的抗菌活性和机制,为佛手抗菌药物的开发和中药的抗菌机制研究提供参考依据。方法 采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定板蓝根水煎液、佛手水煎液、佛手挥发油和橙皮苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并通过菌体的生长曲线、胞外可溶性蛋白质含量和胞外核酸相对含量的测定研究橙皮苷对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机制。结果 佛手水煎液、佛手挥发油和橙皮苷对这4种菌的抗菌效果均强于板蓝根水煎液,其中以橙皮苷对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果最好,MIC为0.05mg/mL,MBC为0.2mg/mL;橙皮苷作用下金黄色葡萄球菌菌体生长显著缓慢,胞外可溶性蛋白质含量和胞外核酸相对含量增加。结论 佛手对4种致病菌具有较好的抗菌活性,可通过改变金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞膜通透性来影响细菌的生长,从而达到抑菌效果。     

金蝉口服液的抗菌活性实验研究

目的研究金蝉口服液的抗菌活性并测定其对某些细菌的最小抑菌浓度。方法采用液体试管法测定金蝉口服液的最小抑菌浓度。结果金蝉口服液对流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌均具有较好的抗菌效果,其对这5种细菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.125,0.25,1.0,1.0,0.25 mL.mL 1。结论金蝉口服液制备简单,疗效确切,对儿科临床常见致病菌具有较好的抗菌活性。     

复方大青叶注射液体外抑菌作用及抗内毒素作用的研究

目的研究复方大青叶注射液体外抑菌作用及抗内毒素作用。方法体外抑菌作用采用液体培养基连续稀释法测定复方大青叶的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);抗内毒素作用采用细菌内毒素检查法。结果体外抑菌实验结果表明复方大青叶注射液对被测微生物的最小抑菌浓度为:金黄色葡萄球菌,MIC62 g.L-1;藤黄微球菌,MIC62 g.L-1;枯草芽孢杆菌,MIC62 g.L-1;大肠埃希菌,MIC125 g.L-1;变形杆菌,MIC125 g.L-1;新型隐球菌,MIC62 g.L-1;白假丝酵母菌,MIC125 g.L-1;啤酒酵母菌,MIC125 g.L-1。抗内毒素结果:复方大青叶注射液62 g.L-1即具有抗内毒素作用。结论复方大青叶注射液体外具有广谱抗菌作用,不仅对革兰阳性细菌有较强的抑菌作用,而且对某些真菌也有较强的抑菌作用;复方大青叶注射液有较强的抗内毒素活性。     

番石榴叶提取物对常见细菌的体外抗菌作用

目的观察番石榴叶提取物对常见细菌的抗菌作用。方法应用琼脂打孔扩散实验和试管稀释法，分别测定番石榴叶提取物对11种常见细菌的抑菌效果， 对3种常见细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC），并与鱼腥草注射液进行抑菌效果比较。结果1 g·mL^-1番石榴叶提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、脑膜炎双球菌、白念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性较强，抑菌圈＞15.5 mm;对枯草芽孢杆菌痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、变形杆菌及乙型链球菌有一定的抑菌作用， 抑菌圈＞11.0 mm。氯仿、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等4种溶剂萃取番石榴叶的提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白念珠菌的MIC分别为0.125～0.250，0.125～0.25，0.0625～0.25，0.25～0.5 g·mL^-1，MBC分别为0.062 5～0.125，0.062 5～0.125，0.031 25～0.125，0.125～0.25 g·mL^-1。相同浓度的番石榴叶提取物比鱼腥草注射液抑菌效果强。结论番石榴叶的提取液具有较强的广谱抗菌作用。     

复方奥硝唑栓剂的体外抗菌活性研究

目的:测定复方奥硝唑栓剂的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用液体连续稀释法测定复方奥硝唑栓剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌及脆弱拟杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),以氧氟沙星栓剂和替硝唑栓剂作为对照。结果:复方奥硝唑栓剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌及脆弱拟杆菌均显示很强的抗菌活性,其MIC值分别为0.061,0.015,0.490,0.031μg/mL;MBC值分别为0.120,0.031,0.980,0.031μg/mL。无论是标准菌株还是临床分离的菌株,其MIC及MBC均明显低于氧氟沙星及替硝唑栓剂。结论:复方奥硝唑栓剂对治疗妇科炎症具有明显的临床意义,值得临床推广应用。     

慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对7种致病菌体外抗菌作用的初步研究

目的 观察慢性盆腔炎灌肠液的体外抗菌作用。方法 用平皿二倍稀释法测定慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门杆菌、福氏志贺杆菌7种细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较明显的抑菌活性,对化脓性链球菌、伤寒沙门杆菌、福氏志贺杆菌有一定的抑菌活性,对铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的体外抑菌活性不明显。结论 慢性盆腔炎灌肠液具有一定的体外抑菌活性,现时的药物浓度为最适合的药物浓度。     

野菊花两种提取方式对5种常见细菌的抑菌效果的比较

目的:观察野菊花两种提取方式对5种常见细菌的杀菌效果的分析。方法:分别用50%的乙醇和水煮提取野菊花的有效成份,用琼脂稀释法制备含野菊花不同药物浓度的MH平板,在平板上点种不同的标准菌株,培养24h观察平板上的细菌生长情况。结果水煮提取野菊花对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为25%,对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50%;50%的乙醇提取野菊花对大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度均为50%,对铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度均为25%,对粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度最低,均为3.12%。结论:两种提取方法对革兰阳性球菌的抑菌效果有明显不同,相反,对革兰阴性杆菌及白色念珠菌的抑菌效果无明显差别。     

大蒜素的提取及体外抗菌活性观察

目的：了解大蒜素的体外抗菌活性。方法采用溶剂提取法提取大蒜素,滤纸片法测定抑菌效果,二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果大蒜素对所试验的9种细菌和真菌均有抗菌作用;最小抑菌浓度：金黄色葡萄球菌12.5mg· mL^-1,大肠杆菌25mg· mL^-1,痢疾志贺菌25mg· mL^-1,肺炎克雷伯杆菌50mg· mL^-1,产气肠杆菌50mg· mL^-1,普通变形杆菌50mg· mL^-1,枯草芽胞杆菌25mg· mL^-1,铜绿假单胞菌50mg· mL^-1,白色念珠菌12.5mg· mL^-1。结论大蒜素具有广谱的抗菌活性,对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌都具有一定的抗菌效果。     

复方奥硝唑栓的体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究复方奥硝唑栓的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用试管二倍稀释法测定复方奥硝唑栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌及脆弱拟杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并以氧氟沙星栓和替硝唑栓进行对照。结果:复方奥硝唑栓对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌及脆弱拟杆菌显示很强的抗菌活性,其MIC值分别为0.061、0.015、0.49、0.031μg/ml,MBC值分别为0.12、0.031、0.98、0.031μg/ml。无论是对标准菌株还是临床分离菌株,复方奥硝唑栓MIC、MBC值均明显低于氧氟沙星栓及替硝唑栓,其组方中2组分具有良好的协同作用。结论:复方奥硝唑栓对妇科炎症具有广谱、高效、低毒的特点。     

In vitro bactericidal activities of new oral penem, faropenem against the various clinical isolates]

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of faropenem (FRPM) more compared with those of various oral beta-lactams against 15 isolates each of 6 species of microorganism. FRPM possessed potent in vitro antibacterial activity against both aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria tested. FRPM showed the same activity as new oral cephems such as cefdinir, cefditoren and cefcapene against all Gram-negative bacteria, but K. pneumoniae strains were less susceptible. The MBC of FRPM against S. pneumoniae and the other strains tested equal and were within 1 dilution the MIC of that, respectively. These results suggest that FRPM has excellent in vitro bactericidal activity against clinical isolates and is a clinically useful for the chemotherapy of bacterial infections.     

Antibacterial Activity of Jordanian Medicinal Plants

The antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of 15 plant species used in the traditional medicine in Jordan and other Middle East countries were tested. Extracts of certain parts of these plants were tested in vitro against 14 pathogenic bacterial species and strains using the agar diffusion method. Results evaluated as the diameter of inhibition zone of bacterial growth showed that 25 mg/well of 12 plant extracts have antibacterial activity on one or more of the tested bacteria. Three plants exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity: Punica granatum L., Quercus infectoria Olive., and Rhus coriaria L. The most susceptible bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 12351), and the most resistant species were Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and clinical isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysentriae (ATCC 49345), and Yersinia enterocolitica (ATCC 9610). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of active extracts ranged from 4-32 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were exerted at higher doses 8-62 mg/ml.     

消炎止痛栓体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究消炎止痛栓(主要成分为盐酸小檗碱、冰片、土霉素、盐酸丁卡因)的体外抗菌活性。方法:运用试管稀释法测定并分析消炎止痛栓在体外对标准菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:消炎止痛栓对上述3种标准菌株的MIC分别为0.195、0.0488、0.0975mg.mL-1,MBC分别为0.390、0.0975、0.390mg.mL-1。结论:消炎止痛栓在体外对上述3种标准菌株具有良好的抗菌活性。     

虎射利咽方体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：研究虎射利咽方的体外抑菌作用。方法：采用管碟法和标准试管二倍稀释法测定虎射利咽方对供试菌的抑菌活性、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：虎射利咽方对金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型链球菌的最大抑菌圈直径分别为15、22mm;最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为200、25mg/ml;最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为500、50mg/ml,对大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌抑菌效果不明显。结论：虎射利咽方有抑菌作用。     

Q-marker思路下的黄连花薹抗菌作用及机制研究

摘要：目的 基于Q-marker思路探究黄连花薹的抗菌活性和机制,在此基础上探讨中药质量标志物与药物整体的作用机制的 异同的确定原则。方法 采用二倍稀释法测定黄连花薹提取物和盐酸小檗碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和枯草芽胞杆菌的最 小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并通过菌体的胞外可溶性蛋白质含量、胞外核酸相对含量和电导率的测定研究其抗菌 机制。结果 黄连花薹和盐酸小檗碱对3种细菌抗菌作用有差异,其中黄连花薹提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果最好,MIC为 12.5 mg/mL,MBC为25 mg/mL;盐酸小檗碱对枯草芽胞杆菌的抗菌效果最好,MIC为0.25 mg/mL,MBC为2.0 mg/mL。在盐酸小 檗碱和黄连花薹提取物的作用下胞外可溶性蛋白质含量、胞外核酸相对含量及电导率增加。结论 黄连花薹及盐酸小檗碱对3 种致病菌具有较好的抗菌活性,其作用机制相同,均通过对细菌细胞膜造成损伤增加其通透性,使菌体物质大量外渗,从而达 到其抗菌活性。     

香叶醇体外抗MRSA活性研究

目的 通过体外抑菌实验,评价香叶醇单独使用以及与3种β-内酰胺类抗生素(阿莫西林、头孢氨苄及头孢吡肟)联合使用对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)的抑制效果。方法 采用微量稀释法测定香叶醇与3种β-内酰胺类抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC);微量棋盘法测定香叶醇与3种β-内酰胺类抗生素的分级抑菌浓度指数(fractional inhibitory concentration, FIC)。结果与结论 香叶醇具有明显的体外抗MRSA活性,MIC和MBC分别为0.34~0.69mg/mL和0.69~10.76mg/mL。联合药敏试验发现香叶醇与3种β-内酰胺类抗生素联合使用FIC指数集中分布在≤0.5和0.5~1;能够增强β-内酰胺类抗生素的活性,降低其用量,使其MIC50和MIC90降低为单独用药的1/8~1/4和1/4~1/2。     

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the ethanol extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry buds

In the present study, the essential oil isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 55 compounds representing 93.71% of the oil were identified. The oil significantly inhibited the growth of food spoilage (FS), food-borne (FB), skin pathogens (SP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria (MARB). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oil against the tested microorganisms were found in the range of 1-20muL/mL. Whereas the ethanol extract exhibited potential antibacterial activity against the entire tested Gram positive bacteria and one food spoilage Gram negative bacterium P. aeruginosa. The MIC and MBC values of ethanol extract against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 0.25-32mg/mL. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies demonstrated potential detrimental effect of the essential oil on the morphology of MRSA-P249 and VRE-B2332 at the used MIC values, along with the potential effect on cell viabilities of the tested bacteria. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity and the scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals of the essential oil and the ethanol extract were also evaluated.     

海洋低温溶菌酶的体外抗菌活性

采用微量稀释法测定了海洋低温溶菌酶对临床分离致病菌的最低抑菌浓度，稀释法测定了最低杀菌浓度，同时测定了该酶的时间-杀菌曲线。结果表明：溶菌酶对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌、痢疾杆菌、溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌及金葡菌的抗菌活性相一致，对上述菌的杀菌活性也较强。时间杀菌曲线显示，海洋低温溶菌酶对金葡球菌及大肠杆菌的杀菌速度较快。结果提示：海洋低温溶菌酶对临床分离的致病菌具有很强的抑菌和杀菌活性，这一实验结果为该酶的推广应用提供了依据。     

Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of amblyone isolated from Amorphophallus campanulatus

Objective:

To assess the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of amblyone, a triterpenoid isolated from Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb).

Methods:

Disc diffusion technique was used for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening. Cytotoxicity was determined against brine shrimp nauplii. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using serial dilution technique to determine the antibacterial potency.

Results:

Large zones of inhibition were observed in disc diffusion antibacterial screening against four Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and six Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi). The MIC values against these bacteria ranged from 8 to 64 μg/ml. In antifungal screening, the compound showed small zones of inhibition against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus aryzae. Candida albicans was resistant against the compound. In the cytotoxicity determination, LC₅₀ of the compound against brine shrimp nauplii was 13.25 μg/ml.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the compound has good antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, moderate cytotoxicity against brine shrimp nauplii and insignificant antifungal activity against the tested fungi.