20(S)-原人参二醇氨基酸衍生物的合成

目的 对20(S)-原人参二醇进行结构修饰,合成其氨基酸衍生物,从而提高药物的水溶性。方法 以二环己基碳化二亚胺为催化剂、吡啶为溶剂进行反应,合成20(S)-原人参二醇的氨基酸衍生物。结果 得到20(S)-原人参二醇的氨基酸衍生物14个,其结构通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR图谱进行确证,同时总结了20(S)-原人参二醇的氨基酸衍生物的合成规律。结论 本方法合成工艺简单易行,操作简便,适合工业化生产,所得产物的水溶性较合成前有所提高,有利于提高生物利用度。     

两个新的20（S）-原人参二醇油酸酯衍生物

由20（S）-原人参二醇制得两个未见文献报道的新的20（S）-原人参二醇油酸酯衍生物，命名为12-油酰基-20(S)-原人参二醇（1）和3，12-二油酰基-20(S)-原人参二醇（2）。     

三七芦头总皂苷酸降解产物中稀有活性苷元的化学研究

目的研究三七[Panaz notoginseng（Burk．）F．H．Chen]芦头总皂苷酸降解产物的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱、重结晶等方法进行分离纯化，并根据化合物的理化常数和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从三七芦头总皂苷酸降解产物中分离得到7个化合物，分别鉴定为20（S）－人参二醇（PD，I）、20（R）－原人参二醇（PPD，Ⅱ）、20（S）－人参三醇（PT，Ⅲ）、20（S）－25－甲氧基－达玛烷－3β，12β，20－三醇[20（S）－25－OCH3－PPD，Ⅳ]、20（R）－原人参三醇（PPT，V）、20（R）－达玛烷－3β，12β，20，25－四醇（25－OH—PPD，Ⅵ）、20（R）－达玛烷－3β，6a，12β，20，25－五醇（Ⅶ）。结论化合物I～Ⅶ均为从三七芦头总皂苷酸降解产物中首次分得。     

用含人参提取物或人参皂苷的制剂治疗癌症、过敏性疾病等

本品由人参提取物或其皂苷[人参炔三醇，人参环氧炔醇，人参炔醇，人参皂苷Rc、Rb1，20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3，20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3，20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2，20(R)-人参皂苷Rh2，20(R)-原人参萜二醇，20(S)-原人参萜三醇，20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1和20(S)-原人参萜三醇]及载体组成。     

人参皂苷元25-OH-PPD的修饰及结构研究

目的设计合成3β,12β,20,25-四羟基-达玛烷(25-OH-PPD)的衍生物,并确定其结构。方法以25-OH-PPD为原料,以DCC、DMAP为催化剂,在室温下与饱和脂肪酸进行酯化反应得到一系列不同位置取代的25-OH-PPD酯类衍生物,经IR、13C-NMR、HR-MS确证其结构。结果与结论设计并合成了8个未见文献报道的人参皂苷元25-OH-PPD衍生物。该工艺条件温和,易于操作,为原人参二醇型衍生物的构效关系研究奠定基础。     

人参叶中微量新成分的研究

自人参叶中除得到九个已知的化合物外，还得到一个新的化合物，命名为人参皂甙－F5，经光谱和化学方法鉴定，其结构为20（S）－原人参三醇－20－0－α－L－阿拉伯呋喃糖基（1→6）-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。     

原人参二醇及其衍生物的化学与抗癌活性研究进展

大量实验研究表明,原人参二醇具有广泛的生理活性,原人参二醇在抗肿瘤方面作用尤为显著。该文参考国内外大量文献资料,综述了有关原人参二醇化学结构、性质、制备方法及其衍生物的制备和抗癌活性、构效关系的研究进展,以期为开发利用原人参二醇提供有用的参考。     

人参和人参皂苷的抗过敏作用

曾有研究显示,某些人参皂苷对大鼠嗜碱性白血病细胞株RBL-2H3有抗过敏作用,但尚未进行详细研究。作者研究了人参、人参皂苷及原人参萜二醇人肠道细菌代谢物20-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-20(S)-原人参萜二醇(K)的抗过敏作用。     

西洋参茎叶总皂苷氧化裂解的一侧链环合产物

目的研究西洋参茎叶总皂苷的氧化碱解产物。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,并根据理化常数和光谱数据鉴定其化学结构。结果从西洋参茎叶总皂苷氧化碱解产物中分离鉴定了4个主要水解产物,分别为:20(S)原人参二醇(1)、24(R)-ocotillol(2)、20(S)原人参三醇(3),dammar-20S,24R-epoxy-3β,12β,25-triol(4)。结论化合物4为首次从氧化碱解产物中分离得到,探讨其产生机理,可能是在高温通氧的条件下,使原人参二醇的侧链发生了环合。     

西洋参茎叶总皂苷氧化裂解的一侧链环合产物

目的 研究西洋参茎叶总皂苷的氧化碱解产物.方法 采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,并根据理化常数和光谱数据鉴定其化学结构.结果 从西洋参茎叶总皂苷氧化碱解产物中分离鉴定了4个主要水解产物,分别为:20(S)原人参二醇(1)、24(R)-ocotillol(2)、20(S)原人参三醇(3),dammar-20S,24 R-epoxy-3β,12β,25-triol(4).结论 化合物4为首次从氧化碱解产物中分离得到,探讨其产生机理,可能是在高温通氧的条件下,使原人参二醇的侧链发生了环合.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Andrographolide Derivatives as Potent Hepatoprotective Agents

Poor water solubility limits the clinical use of andrographolide and its derivatives. In an attempt to develop potent hepatoprotective drugs, a strategy was proposed to improve the aqueous solubility of andrographolide. Ten andrographolide derivatives were designed, synthesized, evaluated for aqueous solubility and in vivo hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄‐induced liver injury in mice. As expected, the aqueous solubility of synthetic derivatives was effectively improved. All compounds demonstrated the effect of different degrees in improving the liver enzyme (ALT and AST) activity, especially the most promising compound 9d significantly improved liver enzyme activity, with high potency to be a new lead.     

香豆素衍生物的合成及其活性与相对亲脂水性的关系

4-甲基-7-羟基-6-或-8-烯丙基香豆素是一类新的辐射防护剂,但由于其脂、水溶性都很小,影响药物在体内的吸收及口服效果。为改善其溶解度,从增加有效基本结构的亲水或亲脂性的角度,合成了14个香豆素衍生物,测定抗辐射活性并研究了亲水,亲脂性与活性之间的关系,获得一定的结果。5a和6a能在油酸乙酯中溶解,后者在水中也有一定的溶解性,且二者都保持了活性。     

硝硫氰胺水溶性衍生物的合成

目的 将脂溶性抗血吸虫病药物硝硫氟胺转化为水溶性衍生物，简化血吸虫患畜治疗的给药方式。方法 通过化学手段引入水溶性基团进行结构改造。结果 合成数全水溶性衍生物。结论 硝硫氰胺的氨基酸衍生物的钠盐水溶性良好。     

两亲性壳聚糖衍生物在药物递送中的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种来源丰富的碱性多糖,具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,但是其差的溶解性限制了壳聚糖在医药领域的应用。为了提高壳聚糖的溶解性,研究者对壳聚糖进行两亲性改性,通过选择不同的亲水、疏水基团,设计合成了两亲性壳聚糖衍生物。并利用其在水溶液中的自组装性能,形成两亲性壳聚糖纳米粒,用于多种药物的递送,以达到增加药物溶解性、稳定性、降低药物毒性和提高生物利用度等目的。本文综述了两亲性壳聚糖衍生物的合成方法,以及其在药物递送系统中的应用。     

Synthesis and antifungal activities of pradimicin derivatives, modification at C4'-position.

The 4'-N-alkyl(1 approximately 10) and 4'-N-acyl derivatives (11 approximately 21) of pradimicins (PRMs) were synthesized by trimethylsilylation of PRMs A, C and FA-1 followed by condensation with appropriate alkylating and acylating agents. The 4'-hydroxy derivatives (23 and 24) were synthesized from PRM FA-2 in a 3-step sequence. Among these compounds, the 4'-N-carboxyl substituted alkyl (1, 5, 8 and 10), 4'-N-formyl (11) and 4'-axial-hydroxy (23) derivatives retained the antifungal activity of the parent compounds and showed great improvement in water solubility.     

Self-assembled drug delivery systems 2. Cholesteryl derivatives of antiviral nucleoside analogues: synthesis, properties and the vesicle formation

Self-assembled drug delivery systems (SADDS) are defined as the self-aggregates of amphiphilic prodrugs. Prodrug, molecular self-assembly and nanotechnology are involved in SADDS manufacturing. But the knowledge of the self-assembly of amphiphilic prodrugs and the formation rules of SADDS is very limited. In this paper, five cholesteryl derivatives of antiviral nucleoside analogues were synthesized, involving antiviral acyclovir, didanosine and zidovudine, and the different acyl linkers, succinyl, adipoyl and phosphoryl. The derivatives are typical amphiphiles with nucleosides as polar heads and long-chained lipids as hydrophobic tails. The derivatives showed the similar soluble behavior, and the solubility highly depended on the types of solvents. Two forces, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction in alcohol solutions could improve the derivatives dissolving. However, the molecular self-assembly of derivatives could prefer to happen in the noncompetitive solvents including chloroform and tetrahydrofuran (THF) based on the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between nucleobase moieties, which could greatly increase their solubility. The derivatives formed nanosized vesicles based on hydrophobic interaction after injecting their THF solutions into water. The volume ratios of polar heads and hydrophobic tails of amphiphiles could determine the vesicle size, and the amphiphiles with large ratios would prefer to form small vesicles. The self-assembled vesicles would likely become SADDS.     

甲氨蝶呤-聚乙二醇偶联物的合成及其体外抗肿瘤活性

为了改善甲氨蝶呤的溶解性能和生物学性能，本工作在合成甲氨蝶呤-聚乙二醇偶联物的基础上，考察了该偶联物的溶解性和体外抗肿瘤活性。通过采用微波催化与化学催化相结合的方法，制备了新型甲氨蝶呤-聚乙二醇偶联物，其结构得到了紫外、红外和核磁共振谱的确证。测定了偶联物在水中的溶解度及其在辛醇/水中的分配系数，测得偶联物的水溶性和脂溶性均有明显增加，在纯水中的溶解度提高了128倍，分配系数提高了近5倍。以小鼠L1210白血病细胞作为研究对象，测定该偶联物的体外抗肿瘤活性，结果表明，偶联物的抗肿瘤活性与甲氨蝶呤基本接近。与文献相比，该甲氨蝶呤的聚乙二醇修饰方法具有快捷、方便的特点。     

Synthesis and antimalarial activity of ethylene glycol oligomeric ethers of artemisinin

Objectives The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of ethylene glycol ether derivatives of the antimalarial drug artemisinin, determine their values for selected physicochemical properties and evaluate their antimalarial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum strains. Methods The ethers were synthesized in a one‐step process by coupling ethylene glycol moieties of various chain lengths to carbon C‐10 of artemisinin. The aqueous solubility and log D values were determined in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). The derivatives were screened for antimalarial activity alongside artemether and chloroquine against chloroquine‐sensitive (D10) and moderately chloroquine‐resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum. Key findings The aqueous solubility within each series increased as the ethylene glycol chain lengthened. The IC50 values revealed that all the derivatives were active against both D10 and Dd2 strains. All were less potent than artemether irrespective of the strain. However, they proved to be more potent than chloroquine against the resistant strain. Compound 8 , featuring three ethylene oxide units, was the most active of all the synthesized ethers. Conclusions The conjugation of dihydroartemisinin to ethylene glycol units of various chain lengths through etheral linkage led to water‐soluble derivatives. The strategy did not result in an increase of antimalarial activity compared with artemether. It is nevertheless a promising approach to further investigate and synthesize water‐soluble derivatives of artemisinin that may be more active than artemether by increasing the ethylene glycol chain length.     

mPEG-PLA的合成及吡喹酮聚合物胶束的制备

目的 合成聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸(mPEG-PLA)嵌段共聚物,制备吡喹酮mPEG-PLA嵌段共聚物胶束,提高吡喹酮在水中的溶解度.方法 采用开环聚合反应合成mPEG-PLA嵌段共聚物,并通过IR、1H-HMR确证其结构;采用溶剂蒸发法制备共聚物胶束,分别用扫描电镜观察其形态,激光散射法测定其粒径,HPLC法测定其载药量、包封率及饱和溶解度.结果 制备了3种不同嵌段组成的共聚物胶束,扫描电镜下观察为近球形;共聚物胶束的粒径和载药量受有机溶剂种类和用量、共聚物嵌段比例等因素的影响;通过筛选得到有机溶剂为丙酮,油水比为1:4,共聚物嵌段组成为mPEG2000-PLA5000为最适条件;得到胶束的平均粒径为(34.5±5.1) nm,载药量为(19.6±1.8)％,包封率为(74.2±1.6)％.结论 mPEG-PIA聚合物胶束可作为疏水性药物吡喹酮的载体,具有较高的载药性能,能一定程度提高吡喹酮在水中的溶解度.