难溶性药物的制剂增溶技术及应用

目的：综述难溶性药物增溶和提高生物利用度的制剂技术及应用。方法：查阅国内外相关文献进行总结、归纳。结果：难溶性药物随着制剂技术的改进及新剂型的应用,可通过环糊精包合或复合、固体分散体、微粉化、加增溶剂或助溶剂、成盐处理等多种途径来提高药物的溶出速率和生物利用度。结论：随着药学领域中新制剂技术的发展、新材料的应用,难溶性药物的吸收差、生物利用度低这一限制已逐渐被克服,难溶性药物也可获得较好的吸收和生物利用度。     

难溶性药物增溶研究进展

如何增加难溶性药物的溶解度,改善其生物利用度,一直是药剂学研究的重要内容。该文就近年来应用广泛的纳米混悬剂、渗透泵、自微乳化技术、固体分散体、固体脂质纳米粒、液固压缩技术等一些新方法新技术在增加难溶性药物溶解度及改善生物利用度方面的应用进行综述。     

难溶性药物凝胶制剂研究进展

凝胶制剂作为透皮给药系统(transdermal drug delivery system,TDDS)的一种新型制剂,经皮肤给药发挥全身或局部治疗作用,有使用方便、安全性好、释药平缓持久等优势,成为近年来药物制剂研发的重点之一.但现有的大多数化合物均为难溶性药物,在凝胶制剂方面的应用受限.近年来,许多新型药物载体包括纳...     

液体制剂中难溶性药物的增溶

综述了液体制剂开发中难溶性药物的增溶方法,包括调节溶液pH值,应用表面活性剂,潜溶剂及包合等方法.     

制剂新技术在水难溶性药物中的应用研究进展

目的:了解制剂新技术在水难溶性药物中的应用研究进展。方法:根据文献,综述了水难溶性药物的增溶新技术、缓/控释制剂新技术、增溶-缓释制剂新技术等方面的研究现状。结果:增溶新技术包括合成水溶性前体药物、主药分子结构中导入亲水基团、合成磷脂复合物、加入嵌段共聚物增溶剂、制成微乳等;缓/控释制剂新技术包括骨架型制剂和渗透泵型制剂;增溶-缓释制剂新技术包括固体分散体制剂、包合物制剂和固体脂质纳米粒制剂。结论:增溶新技术、缓/控释制剂新技术、增溶-缓释制剂新技术的应用较好地改善了水难溶性药物吸收差、生物利用度低的不足,发展前景良好。     

难溶性抗肿瘤药物注射剂的制剂研究

综述近几年来难溶性抗肿瘤药物注射剂的研究进展，分类介绍脂质体、混合胶束、微球和毫微粒、固体脂质纳米粒及IDD技术的特性和效用。     

聚合物胶束提高难溶性药物生物利用度的研究进展

目的:介绍聚合物胶束用于提高难溶性药物生物利用度的情况。方法:以"Polymeric micelle""Indissolvable drug""Bioavailability"等为关键词,在Pub Med、Elsevier Science Direct、Springer Link等数据库中查询1989-2014年的文献,综述聚合物胶束作为难溶性药物载体提高生物利用度的原理、不同性质胶束的应用以及聚合物胶束在口服给药系统中的前景和研究方向。结果与结论:共查阅文献138篇,其中有效文献28篇。聚合物胶束以其特异稳定性、控释性、生物黏附性以及抑制外排泵活性,在提高难溶性药物生物利用度方面具有巨大的应用前景;同时,赋予聚合物胶束多种特性可实现多功能化聚合物胶束的制备,使其更加有效地递送药物,这必将成为提高药物生物利用度的一个新的研究方向。     

固体分散体在缓控释制剂中的应用

固体分散体应用于难溶性药物的增溶及其缓控释制剂的研究是当前药剂学研究的热点。本文综述了固体分散体载体的分类、释药机制及其在缓控释制剂中的应用。     

中药液体制剂的关键技术——难溶性成分的增溶方法

液体制剂是剂型按物态分类的一大类制剂,即药物分散在液体介质中形成可供内服或外用的液态制剂。与固体制剂相比,液体药剂具有分散度大、刺激性小,便于分剂量、易于服用、能深入腔道,吸收快、作用迅速等特点。中药液体制剂大多是复合组方,其成分比较复杂,其中未知的非定量成     

缓控释制剂的研究进展

为进一步提高药物的生物利用度，使药物更利于某些特殊患者的服用，提高患者的依存性，现已在普通制剂的基础上开发了一系列新型制剂。国内外近来已开发上市或正在研制的新型制剂重点以缓释、控释制剂为主，并根据其制备工艺的不同，可进一步分为骨架片、薄膜包衣缓控释制剂、渗透泵片、缓控释固体分散体制剂、缓控释微囊和微球、包合物缓控释制剂、胃内漂浮片等型缓、控释制剂。     

缓控释系统药物释放的数学模型研究进展

目的概括各类骨架型缓控释系统的药物释放数学模型研究进展。方法对整块骨架系统、溶蚀型骨架系统和溶胀型骨架系统的药物释放数学方程进行阐述，同时根据其释药原理的不同进行划分和比较。结果为今后缓控释给药系统的深入研究提供了科学依据。结论目前的数学模型无法完全模拟药物从骨架中释放的实际情况，应建立更切合实际的模型。     

聚酰胺-胺树状大分子作为药物载体的体外增溶、缓释试验

目的:考察以聚酰胺-胺树状大分子(PAMAM)作为喹诺酮类药物载体在增溶、缓释方面的作用。方法:根据文献合成PAMAM,并作结构分析;以巴洛沙星为模型药物,检测不同代数不同浓度的PAMAM对巴洛沙星的增溶作用;同时用不同代数的PAMAM与巴洛沙星复合,检测PAMAM对巴洛沙星体外释放的影响,以及在水及模拟肠液中的释放情况。结果:巴洛沙星在水中溶解度约为1.5g·L-1,完全释药时间约为4h。随着PAMAM代数和浓度的增加巴洛沙星溶解度增加(2～5.25g·L-1),PAMAM与巴洛沙星复合物在水中24h释放80%,在模拟肠液中72h释放73%。结论:PAMAM对巴洛沙星具有增溶、缓释作用,有可能促进其制成具有缓释作用的溶液剂或注射剂。     

Effect of Destruction Force on Drug Release from Multiple Unit Controlled Release Dosage Forms in Humans

Purpose. This study examined the effects of mechanical destructive forces on drug release from controlled release (CR) multiple unit dosage forms in vitro and in vivo and their colonic release, using two CR granules of acetaminophen, AG and BG, which differed in hardness (AG was hard and BG was soft), but which did not depend on agitation speed or pH for their release. Methods. In vitro release rates were determined using several official methods and the rotating dialysis cell method. Granules were administered to healthy volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. Results. Both granules showed similar release rates under mild destructive conditions in official dissolution tests, but BG showed a faster release rate in the rotating dialysis cell method. In the fasting state, the drug absorption-time profiles of AG and BG were almost equal. In the fed state, the drug release rate of BG increases whereas that of AG is almost equal to the fasted state. The food effect on BG could be caused by an increase in the mechanical stress of the GI tract due to food intake judging from the findings in vitro and in dogs. The colonic release from multiple unit CR products was larger than that from single unit ones. Conclusions. In vivo release of drug from a multiple unit CR product that is structurally weak is affected by mechanical stresses, which differ among human subjects but are increased by food ingestion. Colonic release from multiple unit CR products is larger than that from single unit products.     

Influence of Plasticizer Level on the Drug Release from Sustained Release Film Coated and Hot-Melt Extruded Dosage Forms

In the current study, the influence of plasticizer level on drug release was investigated for solid dosage forms prepared by hot-melt extrusion and film coating. The properties of two highly water-soluble compounds, diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), and a poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin (IDM), were investigated in the melt extrudates containing either Eudragit® RSPO or Eudragit® RD 100 and triethyl citrate (TEC) as the plasticizer. In addition, pellets containing DTZ were film coated with Eudragit® RS 30D and varying levels of TEC using a fluidized bed coating unit. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that both CPM and IDM exhibited a plasticization effect on the acrylic polymers, whereas no plasticizing effect by DTZ on Eudragit® RSPO was observed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability of the DTZ, Eudragit® RSPO and TEC at 140 °C, the maximum temperature used in the hot-melt extrusion process. The chemical stability of DTZ and IDM in the extrudate following hot-melt processing was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Drug release rates of both DTZ and CPM from hot-melt extrudates increased with an increase in the TEC level in the formulations, while the release rate of DTZ from the Eudragit® RS 30D–coated pellets decreased with an increase in TEC in the coating dispersion. This phenomenon was due to the formation of a reservoir polymeric structure as a result of the thermal stress and shear stress involved in the hot-melt extrusion process regardless of the TEC level. In contrast, coalescence of the polymer particles in the film coating process was enhanced with higher levels of TEC, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of TEC (0% to 8%) in the IDM hot-melt extrudate formulation had no influence on the drug release rate as the drug release rate was controlled by drug diffusion through the inside of the polymeric materials rather than between the polymer particles.     

Quantification of Swelling and Erosion in the Controlled Release of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Using Synchrotron X-ray Computed Microtomography

The hydration layer plays a key role in the controlled drug release of gel-forming matrix tablets. For poorly water-soluble drugs, matrix erosion is considered as the rate limiting step for drug release. However, few investigations have reported on the quantification of the relative importance of swelling and erosion in the release of poorly soluble drugs, and three-dimensional (3D) structures of the hydration layer are poorly understood. Here, we employed synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography with 9-μm resolution to investigate the hydration dynamics and to quantify the relative importance of swelling and erosion on felodipine release by a statistical model. The 3D structures of the hydration layer were revealed by the reconstructed 3D rendering of tablets. Twenty-three structural parameters related to the volume, the surface area (SA), and the specific surface area (SSA) for the hydration layer and the tablet core were calculated. Three dominating parameters, including SA and SSA of the hydration layer (SA _{hydration layer} and SSA _{hydration layer} ) and SA of the glassy core (SA _{glassy core} ), were identified to establish the statistical model. The significance order of independent variables was SA _{hydration layer} > SSA _{hydration layer} > SA _{glassy core} , which quantitatively indicated that the release of felodipine was dominated by a combination of erosion and swelling. The 3D reconstruction and structural parameter calculation methods in our study, which are not available from conventional methods, are efficient tools to quantify the relative importance of swelling and erosion in the controlled release of poorly soluble drugs from a structural point of view.     

马来酸氟吡汀缓释片的研制及体外释放特性考察

目的：采用羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC）作为亲水凝胶骨架材料,制备马来酸氟吡汀缓释片,并考察其体外释放特性。方法：通过单因素试验,分剐考察了HPMC、乳糖用量对马来酸氟吡汀缓释片释放速率的影响;以体外释放度为评价指标优选处方的最佳组成和比例。结果：马来酸氟吡汀缓释片的释放速度随处方中HPMC含量增加而减慢,随乳糖用量增多而加快;释放介质对马来酸氟吡汀的释放速率也有明显影响,而释放度测定方法、转速对马来酸氟吡汀缓释片的释放速率无明显影响。结论：本品处方组成合理,制备工艺稳定。制备的马来酸氟吡汀缓释片,体外释药曲线显示有明显的缓释作用,属于零级释放。     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Poorly Water Soluble Drug Rosiglitazone Using Hydrotropic Solubilization technique

In the present investigation, hydrotropic solution of urea was employed as a solubilizing agent for spectrophotometric determination of poorly water-soluble drug rosiglitazone maleate. In solubility determination study, it was found that there was more than 14-folds enhancement in solubility of rosiglitazone maleate in a 6M solution of urea. Rosiglitazone maleate obeys Beer's law in concentration range of 5-300 μg/ml. Linearity of rosiglitazone maleate was found in the range of 80-120% of the label claim. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of the cited drug in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision. The method herein described is new, simple, eco-friendly, economic, and accurate and can be utilized in routine analysis of rosiglitazone maleate in bulk drug and tablet dosage form.     

制剂增溶技术中高分子聚合物对难溶性药物释放性能的影响

目的 综述制剂增溶技术中高分子聚合物对难溶性药物释放度的影响,为实际应用提供参考。 方法 在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对制剂技术中高分子聚合物的加入对难溶性药物释放的影响进行分析和总结。 结果 高分子聚合物的类型、性质、药物在聚合物中的存在状态、结合方式以及聚合物与其他辅料的配伍等因素均能影响难溶性药物在制剂中的释放。 结论 高分子聚合物与难溶性药物从制剂中的释放有必然的联系。     

依托度酸缓释片释放度研究

依托度酸缓释片以ｐＨ７．５磷酸盐缓冲液（ＵＳＰ２３版）为释放介质,采用桨法,转速１００ｒ／ｍｉｎ进行释放度测定。紫外分光光度法以２７８为检测波长,本法线性关系良好。     

固体分散技术在缓控释制剂中的应用

综述了近年来固体分散技术的发展概况及其在缓控释制剂中的应用，包括固体分散体的载体材料，稳定性以及在缓控释制剂中的应用情况。