Ro31—8220对纤维蛋白原降解产物诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究纤维蛋白原降解产物的致有丝分裂原活性及一种新型ＰＫＣ抑制剂Ｒｏ３１－８２２０（Ｒｏ）的作用。方法：大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖采用结晶紫染色法测定。结果：纤维蛋白原降解产物促进大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖，Ｒｏ（０．０１￣１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１）剂量依赖地抑制增殖。结论：Ｒｏ抑制纤维蛋白原降解产物诱导的平滑肌细胞的增殖。     

Ro31—8220抑制纤维蛋白原降解产物诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放？…

目的 研究纤维蛋白原降解产物体外诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放白细胞介素－１（ＩＬ－１）及白细胞介素－６（ＩＬ－６）的作用及一种新型蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂Ｒｏ３１－８２２０（Ｒｏ）的影响,方法 胸腺细胞增殖法和Ｂ９细胞增殖ＭＴＴ法测定了ＩＬ－１和ＩＬ－６活性。结果纤维蛋白原降解产物促进小鼠腹腔巨噬释放ＩＬ－１及ＩＬ－６,Ｒｏ（０．０１－１μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１）明显抑制ＩＬ－１及ＩＬ－６的释放,结论：Ｒ     

苦参碱对纤维蛋白纤维蛋白原降解产物诱导血管细胞损伤、增殖及腹腔巨噬细胞释放IL-1的影响

目的：研究苦参碱（Ｍａｔ）对纤维蛋白纤维蛋白原降解产物（ＦＦＤＰ）作用的影响。方法：大鼠主动脉内皮细胞损伤以乳酸脱氢酶释放测定;大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖采用结晶紫染色法测定;白细胞介素１活性采用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法测定。结果：ＦＦＤＰ能促进大鼠主动脉内皮细胞释放乳酸脱氢酶,诱导大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖,并促使小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌ＩＬ１增加。结论：Ｍａｔ可抑制ＦＦＤＰ的作用。对动脉粥样硬化的防治可能有一定意义。     

间尼索地平对血管钙超负荷大鼠主动脉钙积累的作用

目的：组织和细胞水平探讨间尼索地平（ｍ－Ｎｉｓ）对血管钙超负荷（ＶＣＯ）大鼠主动脉钙积累的作用。方法：建立大鼠ＶＣＯ模型，用原子吸收分光光度法和电子探针微分析法分别测定主动脉总钙和动脉平滑肌亚细胞钙。结果：ｍ－Ｎｉｓ（１－１５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１）对ＶＣＯ大鼠主动脉总钙升高的作用弱，且量效关系呈钟罩形，ｍ－Ｎｉｓ２．５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１对总钙升高抑制为２４％，维拉帕米１２．５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１疗效略优于ｍ     

Effects of heparin on growth factor-induced mitogenic and proliferative responses of rat pulmonary a

目的：探讨肝素是否能抑制生长因子诱导的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）分裂和增殖．方法：应用含１０％ＦＢＳ的Ｍ１９９培养液培养大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ．细胞分裂及细胞增殖分别用［ｍｅｔｈｙｌ３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ和细胞计数监测．结果：ＦＢＳ（１０％），以及ＦＢＳ（１％）与ＰＤＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），ＦＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），或ＩＬ１α（１００ｎｇ·Ｌ－１）联合应用均能增加大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ分裂．肝素（１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）抑制１０％ＦＢＳ诱导的大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖（２８％±６％）和胸腺嘧啶摄取反应（２７％±７％），抑制ＦＢＳ（１％）与ＰＤＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），ＦＧＦ（５０μｇ·Ｌ－１），或ＩＬ１α（１００ｎｇ·Ｌ－１）联用诱导的大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖（２５％±６％，２７％±７％，２０％±４％），以及胸腺嘧啶摄取反应（２３％±７％，２６％±６％，２０％±６％）．结论：肝素抑制生长因子诱导的大鼠ＰＡＳＭＣ的分裂与增殖．     

苦参碱对纤维蛋白纤维蛋白原降解产物诱导血管细胞损伤、增殖及腹腔巨噬细胞释放IL-1的影响

目的：研究苦参碱(Mat)对纤维蛋白纤维蛋白原降解产物(FFDP)作用的影响。 方法：大鼠主动脉内皮细胞损伤以乳酸脱氢酶释放测定;大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖采用结晶紫染色法测定;白细胞介素-1活性采用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法测定。结果：FFDP能促进大鼠主动脉内皮细胞释放乳酸脱氢酶,诱导大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖,并促使小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1增加。结论：Mat可抑制FFDP的作用。对动脉粥样硬化的防治可能有一定意义。     

萘甲异喹对大鼠主动脉平滑肌~（45）Ca转运的影响

萘甲异喹（ＮＩ１，１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）和硝苯吡啶（Ｎｉｆ０．５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对大鼠主动脉平滑肌４５Ｃａ溢流无影响，ＮＩ（１～３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）能浓度依赖地抑制高钾和苯肾上腺素引起的大鼠主动脉平滑肌４５Ｃａ内流，抑制率分别为２７％～８１％和１７％～７７％，ＮＩ（１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）尚可明显抑制由苯肾上腺素引起的４５Ｃａ外溢。这些结果提示ＮＩ能抑制平滑肌细胞膜ＰＤＣ和ＲＯＣ两类钙通道及细胞内钙释放。     

Inhibitory effect of antisense basic fibroblast growth factor oligonucleotides on proliferation of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in SHR rats

目的：研究转染反义碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）对培养的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）主动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）生长的影响．方法：用脂质体介导法将反义ｂＦＧＦＯＤＮ转入ＳＭＣ内，用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测ｂＦＧＦ基因表达，并测定［３Ｈ］ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ掺入和细胞计数．结果：转染反义ｂＦＧＦＯＤＮ（５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）几乎完全抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ，１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）诱导增高的ｂＦＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达和明显抑制ＳＭＣ增殖，在基础状态和ＡｎｇⅡ刺激条件下，［３Ｈ］ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ掺入分别被抑制２６５％（Ｐ＜００１）和４２０％（Ｐ＜００１），细胞数分别被抑制１７３％（Ｐ＜００１）和２２２％（Ｐ＜００１）．结论：反义ｂＦＧＦＯＤＮ能有效抑制ＡｎｇⅡ诱导的ｂＦＧＦ基因表达和ＳＭＣ增殖．     

降钙素基因相关肽对大鼠主动脉损伤后血管壁细胞增殖的影响

在球囊剥脱大鼠主动脉内皮造成的血管壁细胞过度增殖模型上．观察到用ＣＧＲＰ（８μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）治疗可有效地抑制血管壁细胞计数的增加，减轻其ＤＮＡ合成（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入反映）和蛋白质合成（３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕ参入反映）的增加程度．表现了明显的抗血管壁细胞增殖作用。实验结果提示：ＣＧＲＰ作为血管成型术的辅佐剂．对于防治再狭窄可能具有临床应用前景。     

牛磺酸对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

观察了牛磺酸对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ大鼠（ＷＫＹ）动脉血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的影响．结果显示牛磺酸（１．０ｍｍｏｌＬ－１）虽然抑制ＷＫＹ的ＶＳＭＣ的增殖，对ＳＨＲ的ＶＳＭＣ的生长却无影响，同时发现牛磺酸（１０ｍｍｏｌＬ－１）也不能减低小牛血清所致的ＳＨＲ的ＶＳＭＣ内肌醇磷脂量的异常增加．提示牛磺酸虽然可以通过抑制ＷＫＹ的ＶＳＭＣ增殖进而在防治某些血管性病变中发挥作用，但是对于ＳＨＲ这一遗传性高血压大鼠，牛磺酸既不能抑制ＶＳＭＣ的异常增殖也未能阻止肌醇磷脂量的增加．     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.