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1.
分子生物学的发展已引领现代医学进入分子医学时代,其中病毒载体的研制成功从根本上推动了基因治疗的发展。本文浅析了逆转录病毒载体、腺病毒载体、慢病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体近年的基础研究、临床应用及前景。随着载体学研究的深入,病毒载体的应用范畴将不断拓展。  相似文献   

2.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

3.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

4.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

5.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

6.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

7.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

8.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

9.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

10.
现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of carriers, the drug:carrier ratio and a 1 month storage period of a formulation in permeable polystyrene tube at 40 degrees C/75% RH on the in vitro pulmonary deposition of model drugs from dry powder inhaler (DPI) were evaluated. Budesonide (hydrophobic) and salbutamol sulphate (hydrophilic) were used as model drugs. Mannitol and glucose were used as the carriers. In addition, lactose 110M was used as the carrier for budesonide. The novel multiple dose Taifun was used as a DPI; Taifun is a breath-actuated inhaler that contains the powder formulation in a reservoir chamber. The respirable fractions (RF%) values of the drugs were determined by the "Andersen" sampler. The RF% values of salbutamol sulphate increased with an increase in the drug:carrier ratio before storage, whereas the drug:carrier ratio did not affect the RF% values after storage. In the case of budesonide, the drug:carrier ratio did not affect the RF% values before storage, instead the RF% values of budesonide increased with an increase in the drug:carrier ratio after storage. The RF% values of salbutamol sulphate decreased after storage of the formulation, this was not dependent on the carrier and the drug:carrier ratio. However, with budesonide the effect of the storage on its RF% values was dependent on which carrier was used and also the drug:carrier ratio. Overall, storage had less effect on the RF% values of budesonide than those of salbutamol sulphate. The highest RF% values of budesonide were obtained when mannitol was used as the carrier. Furthermore, the RF% values of salbutamol sulphate tended to be higher when mannitol was used as the carrier instead of glucose.  相似文献   

12.
目的综述以纳米颗粒作为基因载体进行基因治疗的发展概况。方法依据国内外刊物公开发表的文献,对有关以纳米颗粒作为基因递送载体进行基因治疗的研究进行分类、归纳与整理。结果纳米颗粒转运系统能够保护被转运的基因,有较高的转染效率,具有良好的靶向性,并且提高了药物的生物利用度,显示出一定的缓控释作用。结论纳米颗粒作为基因递送载体具有广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

13.
To gain insights into complex interactions in carrier-based dry powder inhalation mixtures, we studied the relationships between the carrier microstructural characteristics and performance. We used mercury intrusion porosimetry to measure the microstructural characteristics and to also derive the air permeability of eight carriers. We evaluated the performances of inhalation mixtures of each of these carriers and fluticasone propionate after aerosolization from an Aerolizer®. We did not observe a simple relationship between the carrier total porosity and the performance. Classification of the porosity according to pore size, however, provided interesting insights. The carrier nanoporosity, which refers to pores smaller than micronized drug particles, has a positive influence on the performance. Nanopores reduce the carrier effective contact area and the magnitude of interparticulate adhesion forces in inhalation mixtures. The carrier microporosity, which refers to pores similar in size to drug particles, also has a positive influence on the performance. During mixing, micropores increase the effectiveness of frictional and press-on forces, which are responsible for breaking up of cohesive drug agglomerates and for distribution of drug particles over the carrier surface. On the other hand, the carrier macroporosity, which refers to pores larger than drug particles, apparently has a negative influence on the performance. This influence is likely mediated via the effects of macropores on the powder bed tensile strength and fluidization behavior. The air permeability better represents these effects. The inhalation mixture performance improved as the carrier air permeability decreased. Interestingly, as the carrier fine particle content increased, the carrier microporosity increased and the carrier air permeability decreased. This proposes a new mechanism for the positive effect of fine excipient materials on the performance of carrier-based inhalation mixtures. Fine excipient materials apparently adhere to the surface of coarse carrier particles creating projections and micropores, which increase the effectiveness of mixing. The data also support the mechanism of powder fluidization enforcement by fine excipient materials. The current study clearly demonstrates that the microporosity and the air permeability are key dry powder inhalation carrier performance determinants. Mercury intrusion porosimetry is a useful tool in the dry powder inhalation field; it successfully allowed resolution of carrier pores which contribute differently to the performance.  相似文献   

14.
超声微泡造影剂在肿瘤治疗方面的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
微泡载体技术是应用一定的技术手段将微泡与基因或药物结合在一起的一种新方法.超声造影剂结合超声技术可实现药物局部靶向释药.微泡载体技术和超声造影剂的联合使用在肿瘤诊断和治疗中发挥作用,尤其是在治疗肿瘤方面具有巨大的潜力.现简单介绍了超声造影剂和微泡载体技术,以及在肿瘤治疗中作为基因、药物的载体和在栓塞治疗中的研究进展.  相似文献   

15.
The effect of carrier payload and mixing time on the redispersion of drug particles from adhesive mixtures during inhalation for two different drugs (budesonide and disodium cromoglycate) has been investigated. A special test inhaler which retains carrier crystals during inhalation was used at 30 and 60 l/min. The special inhaler enabled the analysis of residual drug on the carrier yielding so called carrier residue (CR) values. Mixtures with carrier size fractions of 32-45; 150-200 and 250-355 microm, derived from marketed lactose brands, with increasing carrier payload (0.4-6.0% w/w of drug) were prepared. It was found that with increasing carrier payload, the CR increases for the coarse carrier fraction, decreases for the fine fraction and remains roughly constant for the intermediate fraction at 30 l/min. At 60 l/min, the CR decreased for all carrier fractions with increasing payload. The effect of powder bulk properties on the adhesive forces between drug and carrier (during mixing) as well as changes in the balance between adhesion and separation forces (during inhalation) explain the results found. An improved understanding of the different effects is obtained through the recently introduced force distribution concept. The ratio of (mean) separation force to (mean) adhesion force increases with the flow rate. The adhesive forces (during mixing) increase with increasing carrier diameter (higher press-on and kneading forces) and longer mixing time.  相似文献   

16.
目的:制备复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体,提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法:采用溶剂法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP VA64)和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物(Soluplus)为复合载体,制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,以累积溶出度为评价指标,考察不同载体比例,药物与载体比例,筛选最佳工艺。通过差式扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、粉末X 射线衍射(XRPD)等技术手段对其表征,并考察其溶出度。结果:Soluplus和PVP VA64复合载体比例为3∶2,药物与载体比例为1∶7,制备固体分散体,在45 min时累积溶出度为92.43%,DSC、SEM、XRPD、FTIR等表征结果显示药物以无定形状态存在于固体分散体中,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。结论:Soluplus和PVP VA64作为复合载体材料,联合应用可显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。  相似文献   

17.
The actinomycetes produce antibiotics as well as spore pigments during their life cycle by using Type II polyketide synthases (PKSs). Each PKS minimally consists of a ketosynthase heterodimer and an acyl carrier protein. The acyl carrier protein has been shown to be interchangeable among different antibiotic producing Type II PKSs. Surprisingly, we have discovered a fundamental incompatibility between the ketosynthases and acyl carrier proteins from antibiotic producing pathways and those from spore pigment pathways. Although antibiotic PKSs can interact with acyl carrier proteins from spore pigment pathways, spore pigment PKSs are unable to recognize acyl carrier proteins from polyketide antibiotic pathways. This observation provides an insight into a critical mechanism by which natural product biosynthetic specificity is exercised by members of this bacterial family.  相似文献   

18.
Previous studies have reported that carrier:drug ratio and carrier size influence the aerosol performance of dry powder inhalation systems. These previous studies were complicated by the heterogeneous nature of the carriers used, making it difficult to define an explicit relationship between parameters and performance. Here, the authors studied the influence of drug loading and carrier size on drug aerosol performance using homogeneous spherical model carriers. Different formulations containing drug (salbutamol sulphate) and carriers (polystyrene beads with median diameters of 82.8 μm, 277.5 μm and 582.9 μm, respectively) were prepared by varying the ratio of carrier to drug (from ∼5:1 to ∼85:1). The surface morphology of the carrier particles and force of adhesion were investigated using atomic force microscopy, while the aerosol performance was evaluated using a multi-stage liquid impinger. The carrier surface morphology for all carrier sizes was homogenous with root-mean square roughness values ≤112 nm. No significant difference in the force of adhesion between salbutamol sulphate and the three carrier sizes was observed. Significant differences in aerosol performance of salbutamol sulphate (measured as fine particle dose (FPD) and fraction (FPF) ≤ 5 μm) from the carriers were observed. Specifically, as carrier size increased FPF decreased. In comparison, as drug loading increased there was no change in FPF until a critical threshold was exceeded. Such observations suggest that: (A) aerosolisation performance is governed by carrier collisions and (B) when homogeneous carriers are used, the aerosol performance remains constant with respect to drug concentration, until the formulation transitions from an ordered mix to an agglomerated and/or segregated powder bed.  相似文献   

19.
Effervescent dry powder for respiratory drug delivery.   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The objective of this work was to develop a new type of respiratory drug delivery carrier particle that incorporates an active release mechanism. Spray drying was used to manufacture inhalable powders containing polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin as model substances for pulmonary delivery. The carrier particles incorporated effervescent technology, thereby adding an active release mechanism to their pulmonary route of administration. Effervescent activity of the carrier particles was observed when the carrier particles were exposed to humidity. Gas bubbles caused by the effervescent reaction were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The images showed that nanoparticles were distributed throughout the gas bubble. For the effervescent formulation the average mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was 2.17 microm+/-0.42, fine particle fraction (FPF(<=5.6 microm)) was 46.47%+/-15 and the GSD was 2.00+/-0.06. The results also showed that the effervescent carrier particles released 56+/-8% ciprofloxacin into solution compared with 32+/-3% when lactose carrier particles were used. The mean nanoparticle size did not significantly change upon release when the nanoparticles were incorporated into an effervescent formulation. However, the mean size significantly increased upon release when only lactose was used as carrier particle matrix. In conclusion, effervescent carrier particles can be synthesized with an adequate particle size for deep lung deposition. This opens the door for future research to explore this technology for delivery of a large range of substances to the lungs with possible improved release compared to conventional carrier particles.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of the present work is to examine the viability of using large hollow nanoparticulate aggregates as the therapeutic carrier particles in dry powder inhaler delivery of nanoparticulate drugs. The large hollow carrier particles are manufactured by spray drying of nanoparticulate suspensions of biocompatible acrylic polymer with loaded drugs. The size and concentration of the nanoparticles, as well as the phospholipids inclusion, have been known to influence the resulting morphology (i.e. size and degree of hollowness) of the spray-dried carrier particles. The effects of the resulting morphology of the carrier particles on the drug release rate are therefore investigated by varying the above three variables. The results of the drug release study are presented using aspirin and salbutamol sulfate as the model drugs with a varying degree of water solubility. The results indicate that the drug release rate is governed by the degree of hollowness of the carrier particles, and to a lesser extent by the nanoparticles size, as a result of the variation in the drug loading capacity of nanoparticles of different sizes.  相似文献   

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