首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 111 毫秒
1.
细胞色素P450(CYP450s)为肠道主要I相代谢酶,目前发现有CYP1A1、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2J2、CYP2D6、CYP3A4、CYP3A5 7种同工酶。肠道CYP在药物代谢及药物相互作用中发挥重要作用,与药物疗效及不良反应密切相关。基因多态性及个体差异均影响药物代谢,导致临床疗效差别。该文就肠道CYP各亚型相关研究进展做一综述。  相似文献   

2.
CYP450酶广泛参与药物的I相代谢过程,CYP450酶活性受到基因、性别、年龄、疾病等多种因素的影响,CYP450酶活性直接影响经CYP450酶代谢药物的体内代谢过程。测定CYP450酶活性有助于了解药物在体内的代谢情况,预测药物疗效和不良反应。测定CYP450酶活性的方法主要有外源性探针药物法和内源性生物标志物法,前者广泛应用于临床,但需要服用探针药物,后者无需额外服用药物,安全性和依从性更高。本文综述了CYP1A2、CYP2A6、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1和CYP3A等6种重要CYP450酶亚型内源性生物标志物的研究进展。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨细胞色素P450酶介导的表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)与其他药物的相互作用。方法查阅文献,统计国家药品监督管理局批准用于治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的7个EGFR-TKIs与P450酶相关的药物相互作用。结果7个EGFR-TKIs中,阿法替尼的代谢不经过P450酶途径,也并非CYP酶系的诱导剂或抑制剂;其余EGFR-TKIs主要经CYP3A4酶、CYP2D6酶及CYP1A2酶代谢,并可明显抑制CYP2D6酶、CYP3A4酶、CYP2C8/9酶的活性,药物相互作用较多。结论EGFR-TKIs类药物中,除阿法替尼与P450酶底物发生相互作用的概率较低外,其余药物对P450酶均可产生明显的抑制作用,临床医师应结合患者病情合理选用该类药物,避免不合理合用。  相似文献   

4.
细胞色素P450(CYP450)遗传多态性研究进展   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
近年来对CYP450基因型和表型相关性的研究越来越受到重视,从临床合理用药方面来说,人们希望利用基因型分析来了解个体中药物代谢酶的活性,期望既能提高药物治疗水平同时又降低不良反应的发生;从新药研发角度来说,研究药物的代谢酶CYP450的功能能够指导新药的设计、筛选及优化。该文通过查阅国内外相关文献综述了近年来关于CYP450遗传多态性研究的进展,分别介绍了CYP2C19、CYP2C9、CYP3A4、CYP2D6、CYP1A2和CYP2E1这6种主要的药物代谢酶。研究CYP450对新药设计、筛选、评价及优化有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
非甾体抗炎药药物代谢酶多态性的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
非甾体抗炎药(NAIDs)是一类具有解热、镇痛和抗炎作用的药物,临床上用于治疗骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎等疾病,疗效确切但常伴有胃肠道不适等不良反应,其产生与其药物代谢酶的遗传多态性有关.参与NSAIDs氧化代谢的细胞色素P450酶系,主要有CYP2C9、CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4,本文就NSAIDs的药物代谢酶及其多态性和P450代谢的部分NSAIDs(双氯芬酸、布洛芬、氟比洛芬、萘普生和醋氨芬)等作一综述.  相似文献   

6.
细胞色素P450酶与维生素A的代谢   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
维生素A是人体必不可少的一种脂溶性维生素,在体内可以代谢为生物活性更高的视黄醛和视黄酸。细胞色素P450酶是重要的药物Ⅰ相代谢酶,在人体内有广泛的分布。它不仅参与了外源性物质的代谢,在内源性物质的代谢中也有重要的作用。CYP450酶在维生素A的代谢中扮演了重要的角色。人体内参与维生素A代谢的CYP450酶主要是CYP1,CYP2C,CYP2E,CYP3A和CYP26家族。同时其代谢物视黄酸可以与核受体(维生素A酸受体,视黄醇类X受体)相结合,诱导CYP450酶的表达和活性。本文通过对近几年来维生素A代谢的研究进展做一综述,阐述了CYP1、CYP2C、CYP2E、CYP3A和CYP26家族在维生素A代谢中的作用以及视黄酸诱导CYP450酶的分子机制。  相似文献   

7.
细胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450,CYP)主要存在于肝微粒体中,在外源性化合物(包括药物和毒物)的生物转化中起着重要的作用,它的活性决定药物的代谢速率,与药物的清除率有着直接关系,因而又称药物代谢酶.主要有CYP1、CYP2和CYP3三大家族,其中成员CYP2D6参与降压药物、抗心律失常药物、抗精神病药物、抗抑郁药物等50多种临床常用药物的代谢[1].本文以CYP2D6为对象,利用基因克隆得到CYP2D6酶的微粒体,为后续深入研究提供工具.  相似文献   

8.
细胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450,CYP)主要存在于肝微粒体中,在外源性化合物(包括药物和毒物)的生物转化中起着重要的作用,它的活性决定药物的代谢速率,与药物的清除率有着直接关系,因而又称药物代谢酶。主要有CYP1、CYP2和CYP3三大家族,其中成员CYP2D6参与降压药物、  相似文献   

9.
中药对细胞色素P450代谢影响的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
细胞色素P450(CYP)是微粒体混合功能氧化酶中最重要的一族,在外源性物质和内源性物质的代谢中起着极其重要的作用。本文通过查阅国内外相关文献,对近几年关于中药对CYP酶影响的研究进展作一综述,分别介绍了CYP1A1、CYP1A2、CYP2A6、CYP2C、CYP2D6、CYP2E1、CYP3A4和CYP3A4这几种主要的药物代谢酶。研究CYP酶对新药筛选、给药个体化等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
目的:体外研究大鼠肝微粒体中CH330331代谢的酶促动力学,并利用"Cocktail"探针药物模型,研究CH330331对主要CYP450亚型的体外抑制作用。方法:优化CH330331在大鼠肝微粒体中孵育的条件,并进行酶促动力学研究;探讨体外"Cocktail"探针药物模型的组成,并研究CH330331对CYP450亚型的体外抑制作用。结果:CH330331代谢的酶促动力学参数:最大反应速率(Vmax)为2.08μmol/(min.mgpro-tein),米氏常数(Km)为18.96μmol/L。CH330331对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2C9和CYP2D6有弱抑制作用,对大鼠CYP2C19、CYP2E1和CYP3A4没有抑制作用。结论:临床使用中CH330331可以增加主要通过CYPCYP1A2,CYP2C9和CYP2D6代谢的药物浓度。  相似文献   

11.
RATIONALE: Perazine (PER) is a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug frequently used in Germany that undergoes extensive metabolism. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To anticipate metabolic drug interactions and to explore the relevance of polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes, perazine-N-demethylation and perazine-N-oxidation were investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes and cDNA expressed enzymes. RESULTS: CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were identified as the major enzymes mediating PER-N-demethylation. At 10 microM PER, a concentration consistent with anticipated in vivo liver concentrations, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 contributed 50% and 35%, respectively, to PER-N-demethylation. With increasing PER concentrations, contribution of CYP2C9 decreased and CYP3A4 became more important. In human liver microsomes, PER-N-demethylation was inhibited by ketoconazole (>40%) and sulfaphenazole (16%). Allelic variants of recombinant CYP2C9 showed differences in PER-N-demethylase activity. The wild type allele CYP2C9*1 was the most active variant. Maximal activities of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 were 88% and 18%, respectively, compared to the wild type activity. Perazine-N-oxidation was mainly mediated by FMO3. In the absence of NADPH, heat treatment of microsomes abolished PER-N-oxidase activity. Methimazole inhibited PER-N-oxidation, while CYP specific inhibitors had no inhibitory effect. Perazine is a potent inhibitor of dextromethorphan-O-demethylase, S-mephenytoin-hydroxylase, alprazolam-4-hydroxylase, phenacetin-O-deethylase and tolbutamide-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in the activity of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and FMO3 through genetic polymorphisms, enzyme induction or inhibition bear the potential to cause clinically significant changes in perazine clearance. PER may alter the clearance of coadministered compounds metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2.  相似文献   

12.
Fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, was metabolized by human liver microsomes to 5-hydroxy-, 6-hydroxy-, and N-deisopropyl-fluvastatin. Total metabolite formation was biphasic with apparent Km values of 0.2 to 0.7 and 7.9 to 50 microM and intrinsic metabolic clearance rates of 1.4 to 4 and 0.3 to 1.5 ml/h/mg microsomal protein for the high and low Km components, respectively. Several enzymes, but mainly CYP2C9, catalyzed fluvastatin metabolism. Only CYP2C9 inhibitors such as sulfaphenazole inhibited the formation of both 6-hydroxy- and N-deisopropyl-fluvastatin. 5-Hydroxy-fluvastatin formation was reduced by compounds that are inhibitors of CYP2C9, CYP3A, or CYP2C8. Fluvastatin in turn inhibited CYP2C9-catalyzed tolbutamide and diclofenac hydroxylation with Ki values of 0.3 and 0.5 microM, respectively. For CYP2C8-catalyzed 6alpha-hydroxy-paclitaxel formation the IC50 was 20 microM and for CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A catalyzed reactions, no IC50 could be determined up to 100 microM fluvastatin. All three fluvastatin metabolites were also formed by recombinant CYP2C9, whereas CYP1A1, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 produced only 5-hydroxy-fluvastatin. Km values were approximately 1, 2.8, and 7.1 microM for CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A, respectively. No difference in fluvastatin metabolism was found between the CYP2C9R144 and CYP2C9C144 alleles, suggesting the absence of polymorphic fluvastatin metabolism by these alleles. CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A5 did not produce detectable amounts of any metabolite. This data indicates that several human cytochrome P-450 enzymes metabolize fluvastatin with CYP2C9 contributing 50-80%. Any coadministered drug would therefore only partially reduce the metabolic clearance of fluvastatin; therefore, the likelihood for serious metabolic drug interactions is expected to be minimal.  相似文献   

13.
目的 探讨细胞色素P450(CYP450)与药物相互作用的关系.方法 检索国内外数据库中与药物相互作用的相关文献,并查阅相关书籍,总结CYP450酶与药物相互作用的关系.结果 CYP450与药物相互作用关系最密切的是酶系统,凡参与代谢的酶都与药物相互作用有关,其中最主要的是CYP1 A2,2C9,2C19,2D6,3A4.结论 充分了解药物的药理及药代动力学特点,当与可能发生相互作用的药物合用时,应密切监测患者的情况,必要时进行药物剂量调整或换用其他药物.  相似文献   

14.
  1. The potential for mirabegron, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist for the treatment of overactive bladder, to cause drug–drug interactions via inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was investigated in vitro.

  2. Mirabegron was shown to be a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP2D6 in the presence of NADPH as the IC50 value in human liver microsomes decreased from 13 to 4.3 μM after 30-min pre-incubation. Further evaluation indicated that mirabegron may act partly as an irreversible or quasi-irreversible metabolism-dependent inhibitor of CYP2D6. Therefore, the potential of mirabegron to inhibit the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates in vivo cannot be excluded. Mirabegron was predicted not to cause clinically significant metabolic drug–drug interactions via inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4/5 because the IC50 values for these enzymes both with and without pre-incubation were >100 μM (370 times maximum human plasma concentration [Cmax]).

  3. Whereas positive controls (100 µM omeprazole and 10 µM rifampin) caused the anticipated CYP induction, the highest concentration of mirabegron (10 µM; 37 times plasma Cmax) had minimal effect on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4/5 activity, and CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 mRNA levels in freshly isolated human hepatocytes, suggesting that mirabegron is not an inducer of these enzymes.

  相似文献   

15.
Among the various possible causes for drug interactions, pharmacokinetic factors such as inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes, especially cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, are regarded as the most frequent and clinically important. Gypenosides is widely used as functional food and over-the-counter drug in East Asia. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of gypenosides on the major human CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) activities in human liver microsomes were examined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Gypenosides showed the strongest inhibition of CYP2D6, followed by CYP2C8, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. The IC50 values were 1.61 μg/mL, 20.06 μg/mL, 34.76 μg/mL (CYP3A4/midazolam), 46.73 μg/mL (CYP3A4/testosterone), and 54.52 μg/mL, respectively. Gypenosides exhibited competitive inhibition of CYP2D6 (Ki = 1.18). In conclusion, Gypenosides might cause herb–drug interactions via inhibition of CYP2D6. An in vivo study is needed to examine this further.  相似文献   

16.
1.Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, a famous Chinese medicine used for many years to treat cardiovascular disorders. However, the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the metabolism of STS was unclear. In this study, we screened the main CYPs for the metabolism of STS and studied their interactions in vitro.

2.Seven CYPs were screened for the metabolism of STS by human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP isoforms. To determine the potential of STS to affect CYP-mediated phase I metabolism in humans, phenacetin (CYP1A2), coumarin (CYP2A6), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), metoprolol (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), S-Mephenytoin (CYP2C19), and midazolam (CYP3A4) were used as the respective probe substrates. Enzyme kinetic studies were performed to investigate the mode of inhibition of the enzyme–substrate interactions.

3.STS inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner in the HLMs and CYP3A4 isoform. Other CYP isoforms, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP2C19, showed minimal or no effect on the metabolism of STS.

4.The results suggested that STS primarily inhibits the activities of CYP3A4 in vitro, and STS has the potential to perpetrate drug–drug interactions with other CYP3A4 substrates.  相似文献   

17.
阿片类物质已经被证实在临床上能与多种药物发生相互作用,多数是药代动力学上的相互作用,也有部分药物是在药效学方面发生的相互作用。药代动力学上的相互作用包括对肝药酶P450的抑制或诱导。药效学上的相互作用包括对中枢神经系统附加的抑制作用。抑制肝药酶活性的药物能引起血浆中药物浓度的增高,易导致过量或中毒。诱导肝药酶活性的药物能加速药物的代谢,降低血浆中药物浓度和药物有效性;对阿片物质来说,可能导致戒断症状。药效学的相互作用发生在同时使用抑制呼吸的药物(如苯二氮卓艹类药物)和丁丙诺啡或美沙酮的情况下,两者共同滥用可导致死亡。本文还讨论了HIV和阿片治疗之间相互作用的例子,这种相互作用可导致依从性降低以及较差的临床结局。苯二氮卓艹类药物与可加强心血管效应的药物之间的相互作用也需要被考虑到。  相似文献   

18.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyse phase I metabolic reactions of psychotropic drugs. The main isoenzymes responsible for this biotransformation are CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A and those of the subfamily CYP2C. Although these enzymes are present in the human brain, their specific role in this tissue remains unclear. However, because CYP enzymatic activities have been reported in the human brain and because brain microsomes have been shown to metabolise the same probe substrates used to assess specific hepatic CYP activities and substrates of known hepatic CYPs, local drug metabolism is believed to be likely. There are also indications that CYP2D6 is involved in the metabolism of endogenous substrates in the brain. This, along with the fact that several neurotransmitters modulate CYP enzyme activities in human liver microsomes, indicates that CYP enzymes present in brain could be under various regulatory mechanisms and that those mechanisms could influence drug pharmacokinetics and, hence, drug response.In this paper we review the presence of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A in brain, as well as the possible existence of local brain metabolism, and discuss the putative implications of endogenous modulation of these isoenzymes by neurotransmitters.  相似文献   

19.
1.?The metabolism of selexipag has been studied in vivo in man and the main excreted metabolites were identified. Also, metabolites circulating in human plasma have been structurally identified and quantified.

2.?The main metabolic pathway of selexipag in man is the formation of the active metabolite ACT-333679. Other metabolic pathways include oxidation and dealkylation reactions. All primary metabolites undergo subsequent hydrolysis of the sulphonamide moiety to their corresponding acids. ACT-333679 undergoes conjugation with glucuronic acid and aromatic hydroxylation to P10, the main metabolite detected in human faeces.

3.?The formation of the active metabolite ACT-333679 is catalysed by carboxylesterases, while the oxidation and dealkylation reactions are metabolized by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. CYP2C8 is the only P450 isoform catalysing the aromatic hydroxylation to P10. CYP2C8 together with CYP3A4 are also involved in the formation of several minor ACT-333679 metabolites. UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 catalyse the glucuronidation of ACT-333679.

4.?The potential of selexipag to inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzymes or drug transport proteins was studied in vitro. Selexipag is an inhibitor of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 and induces CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in vitro. Also, selexipag inhibits the transporters OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, and BCRP. However, due to its low dose and relatively low unbound exposure, selexipag has a low potential for causing drug–drug interactions.  相似文献   

20.
Genetic polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450 (CYP), is an important cause of adverse drug reactions. Multiple gene mutations in CYP have been shown to be phenotype. The occurrence of genetic polymorphism has been seen in genes for CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A5. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of two genetic polymorphisms, debrisoquine/sparteine (CYP2D6) coumarin (CYP2A6) polymorphisms. In addition, elucidation of gene mutations of CYP2D6 and CYP2A6 in Japanese will be discussed.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号