不同厂家香丹注射液中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛含量的比较

目的：建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定香丹注射液中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛含量的方法,并比较不同厂家生产的香丹注射液中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛含量的差异,以控制香丹注射液的质量。方法：色谱柱为AlltimaC18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸（90∶10）,检测波长为280nm。结果：丹参素钠、原儿茶醛的进样量分别在0.26～1.58μg（r=0.9995）、0.12～0.73μg（r=0.9996）范围内与各自峰面积的积分值呈良好的线性关系;丹参素钠、原儿茶醛的平均回收率分别为99.8%、99.7%,RSD分别为0.4%（n=6）、0.4%（n=6）。共测定12家企业生产的16批香丹注射液,丹参素钠、原儿茶醛含量范围分别为1.02～2.08mg·mL^-1、0.24～0.51mg·mL^-1。结论：该方法简便、准确、无干扰,可用于同时测定香丹注射液中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛的含量;不同厂家生产的香丹注射液之间存在显著质量差异,建议厂家重视原药材质量,改善制剂工艺,提高产品质量。     

多波长高效液相色谱法同时测定丹红注射液中7种成分含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定丹红注射液中7种成分的含量。方法:采用Aglient zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.4%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL.min-1;尿苷、腺苷、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、香豆酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B的检测波长分别为260,260,280,280,310,320,286nm;柱温为30℃。结果:尿苷、腺苷、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、香豆酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B分别在1.56～58.4,0.57～21.2,15.7～590.0,6.8～255.2,1.69～63.2,4.2～156.0和13.7～514.4μg.mL-1范围内线性良好,其平均回收率分别为95.6%,96.5%,100.6%,100.6%,102.9%,99.5%和100.2%。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好,可用于丹红注射液中尿苷、腺苷、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、香豆酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B的同时测定。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定香丹注射液中5-羟甲基糠醛和酚酸类成分的含量

目的 建立同时测定香丹注射液中5-羟甲基糠醛、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B含量的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法.方法 采用Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 nun,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.05％三氟乙酸溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长288 nm,柱温30℃,流速0.8 mL-min-1.外标法计算含量.结果 5-羟甲基糠醛、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的进样量与峰面积分别在0.003～0.136 μg(r=l.0000)、0.275 ～ 13.740 μg(r=0.999 9)、0.035 ～1.732 μg(r=1.000 0)、0.054 ～2.680 μg(r=1.000 0)及0.105 ～5.265 μg(r=1.000 0)呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率依次为100.93％,101.36％,100.54％,105.14％,102.31％;RSD依次为1.00％,0.87％,0.52％,0.39％,1.91％.结论 该方法简便快速,重复性好,适合于同时测定香丹注射液中5-羟甲基糠醛、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸的含量.     

丹参注射剂中丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B的同时测定

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定丹参注射剂中丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B等4种有效成分的含量。方法:色谱柱为Hypersil C18(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm);流动相由甲醇(A)和5％冰醋酸(B)组成,进行梯度洗脱,在0～5 min,B体积分数为90％,5～10 min,B体积分数由90％线性改变至65％,10～20 min,维持B体积分数为65％,流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温30℃,检测波长为281 nm;对羟基苯甲酸作为内标物。结果:丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B浓度分别在3.95～47.4μg·mL-1(r=0.9996)、4.47～53.6μg·mL-1(r=0.9996)、5.14～61.7μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)和8.40～117μg·mL-1(r=0.9994)范围内呈良好线性关系,丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的平均回收率分别为99.45％(RSD=3.6％,n=6),97.57％(RSD=2.8％,n=6),100.2％(RSD=3.9％,n=6)和100.2％(RSD=3.2％,n=6)。测定了6批丹参注射液样品。结论:方法简便,分离效果好,能同时测定丹参注射剂中丹酚酸B、丹参素、原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸等4种水溶性成分的含量,结果准确可靠。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定丹红粉针中丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素A和丹酚酸B的含量

目的:建立 RP-HPLC 法测定丹红粉针中丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素 A 和丹酚酸 B 等4种有效成分的含量。方法:采用 Apollo-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;以1%冰醋酸-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min~(-1);柱温25℃;检测波长280 nm。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素 A 和丹酚酸 B 浓度分别在1.12～11.2,0.256～2.56,3.46～34.6,36.2～362μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r≥0.9995),方法平均回收率分别为99.5%、101.0%、98.8%和100.8%(RSD<3.0%,n=9)。结论:本方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于同时测定丹红注射剂中丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素 A 和丹酚酸 B 的含量。     

RP-HPLC同时测定冠心宁注射液中丹参素、原儿茶醛、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定冠心宁注射液中丹参素、原儿茶醛、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的含量。方法:采用Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(A)-0.05%三氟乙酸(B),梯度洗脱(0～65 min,2%A→30%A),流速0.8 mL.min-1,检测波长288 nm,柱温40℃。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B进样量分别在0.352～7.032μg(r=0.9999),0.080～1.594μg(r=0.9999),0.016～0.322μg(r=0.9999),0.057～1.133μg(r=0.9999),0.122～2.446μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈现良好的线性关系;平均回收率(n=6)分别为100.9%(RSD=1.5%),102.4%(RSD=0.9%),103.6%(RSD=0.9%),102.6%(RSD=2.0%),102.0%(RSD=2.1%);重复性试验,5个成分含量的RSD(n=6)均小于2.5%。结论:所建立的方法简便、准确,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,可用于冠心宁注射液的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定心可宁胶囊中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定心可宁胶囊中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的含量,以更好地控制丹参的质量。方法:采用Alltech C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸梯度洗脱,流量1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长280 nm。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B的线性范围分别为0.190 6～1.906 2μg(r=0.999 8)、0.021 3～0.213 1μg(r=1)、0.172 7～1.727 7μg(r=1);平均回收率(n=6)分别为97.6%(RSD=1.5%)、102.2%(RSD=1.2%)、99.5%(RSD=1.6%)。结论:本方法简便、灵敏、准确,重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定丹红注射液中4种水溶性成分的含量

目的 建立测定丹红注射液中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸4种水溶性成分含量的方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromasil C18;乙腈和0.05％磷酸溶液为流动相,进行梯度洗脱;流速为1 mL·min-1;检测波长为286 nm.结果 丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸4种成分进样量分别在0.321～3.531μg、0.144～0.865μg、0.359～1.796μg、0.134～0.668μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为100.75％(RSD=0.89％)、100.29％(RSD=1.43％)、99.23％(RSD=0.26％)和97.36％ (RSD=0.27％).结论 该方法简便、准确,可用于丹红注射液的质量控制.     

HPLC法同时测定丹参安神胶囊中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛的含量

目的建立用HPLC法同时测定丹参安神胶囊中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛含量的检测方法。方法研究丹参安神胶囊中丹参素钠和原儿茶醛的含量检测方法。ODS为固定项;甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸溶液(17?83)为流动相;检测波长280nm。结果丹参素钠在20～200μg.mL-1浓度范围内,浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),平均回收率为100.53%(RSD=0.796%);原儿茶醛在4～40μg.mL-1浓度范围内,浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),平均回收率为98.80%(RSD=1.287%)。结论本法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,重现性好,可以用于控制丹参安神胶囊的质量。     

多波长HPLC法同时测定心宁片中5种成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定心宁片中丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、芍药苷和阿魏酸含量的方法。方法:采用多波长高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.5%H3PO4溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μl,检测波长为280 nm(丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B)、230 nm(芍药苷)、320 nm(阿魏酸)。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、芍药苷、阿魏酸质量浓度分别在66.25~1 060.00、5.55~88.86、187.20~2 995.20、23.71~379.39、0.20~3.12μg/ml范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9、0.999 9、0.999 7、0.999 9、0.999 7);精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<2%;平均加样回收率分别为98.85%、97.95%、99.18%、98.14%、97.16%,RSD分别为0.12%、0.19%、0.37%、0.25%、1.36%(n=6)。结论:该方法分离效果好、操作简便,可用于测定心宁片中5种成分的含量。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

血管内皮生长因子的异常与子(癎)前期发病的关系

目的:研究血浆可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)浓度和胎盘组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)及其血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1,Flt-1)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sVEGFR1,sFlt-1)mRNA的表达与子前期的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测45例子前期患者和45例健康产妇血清sICAM-1的浓度,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测胎盘组织中VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的表达.结果:(1)子前期组sICAM-1水平为(218.45±29.93) μg/L,显著高于对照组的(168.84±19.39) μg/L(P < 0.01).(2)子前期患者胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于对照组(均P < 0.01).(3)血清sICAM-1浓度与胎盘组织中sFlt-1mRNA的相对表达量呈正相关(r = 0.90,P < 0.01).结论:子前期患者血清sICAM-1浓度升高,其胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量也升高.胎盘组织sFlt-1mRNA的高表达与子前期内皮损伤等有密切关系.     

Antiparasitic protozoan vaccines

Parasitic infections caused by pathogenic protozoa affect over 1 billion people worldwide and impose a substantial health and economic burden, particularly on inter-tropical less-developed countries where they are more prevalent. Despite encouraging progress in vaccine development, chemotherapy remains the single most effective, efficient and inexpensive means to control most parasitic infections [1]. However, day to day parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to drugs currently in use, such as Plasmodium towards chloroquine, lending to the start of a promising future for vaccines. Patent applications regarding vaccines for the prevention, control and diagnosis of parasitic protozoan infections are reviewed for the period December 1996 - October 2000. However, vaccines for some of the protozoan infections do not appear in the literature in the period reviewed; only, vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, pneumocystosis, eimeriosis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as well as Babesia microti infections have been found.     

Binding affinity in drug design: experimental and computational techniques

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In pharmaceutical design where future drugs are developed by targeting a specific chosen protein, the evaluation of ligand affinity is crucial. For this very purpose are a multitude of diverse methods which are continuously being improved, which, in turn, makes it difficult to choose which techniques to use in practice.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss both experimental and computational approaches for affinity evaluation. Basic principles, general limitations and advantages, as well as main areas of application in drug discovery, are overviewed for some of the most popular ligand binding assays. The authors further provide a guide to affinity predictions, collectively covering several techniques that are used in the first stages of rational drug design.

Expert opinion: All affinity estimation methods have limitations and advantages that partially overlap and complement one another. Some of the suggested best practices include cross-verification of data using at least two different techniques and careful data interpretation.