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1.
目的探讨自身抗原诱导免疫耐受防治1型糖尿病(IDDM)的方法及机制。方法将32只8周龄BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、模型对照组、皮下注射给药组和灌胃给药组,各8只。各组小鼠每日腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)40 mg.kg-1,连续5 d,建立IDDM模型。皮下注射给药组于造模前1 d每只皮下注射胰岛素100μg,以后每周给药1次,连续4周。灌胃给药组于造模前1 d每只灌胃给予胰岛素150μg,以后每周给药2次,连续4周。每周测定血糖值。6周后处死小鼠,取胰腺组织HE染色观察胰岛组织变化,四唑盐比色法(MTT法)测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。另取脾细胞采用荧光激活细胞分类技术(FACS)分析CD4+CD2+5T细胞亚群比例。结果与模型对照组比较,皮下注射给药组血糖值明显降低(P<0.05),而灌胃给药组则差异无显著性。胰腺HE染色发现模型对照组胰腺有明显的炎性细胞浸润,而皮下注射给药组胰岛基本无浸润。与空白对照组和模型对照组比较,皮下注射给药组脾淋巴细胞增殖能力降低(P<0.05)。FACS显示皮下注射给药组CD4+CD2+5T细胞亚群比例明显高于空白对照组和模型对照组。结论皮下注射自身抗原胰岛素可以诱导免疫耐受防治糖尿病,其机制与促进体内CD4+CD2+5T细胞亚群产生相关。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨人工虫草(蝙蝠蛾拟青霉人工发酵菌丝培养物,PHC)对小鼠1型糖尿病的降糖作用及机制。方法:采用少量多次腹腔注射STZ的方法建立1型糖尿病模型,观察药物对胰腺组织、血糖、肝脏SOD、LPO含量、血清IL-2和IL-10分泌以及小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果:低剂量PHC能明显降低糖尿病高血糖,升高血清SOD活力,降低LPO含量,且明显降低IL-2水平,抑制脾T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论:低剂量PHC对STZ所致小鼠1型糖尿病有明显降糖作用,降糖机制与抑制T细胞应答或细胞因子对胰岛β细胞的破坏,以及清除自由基有关。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨低分子质量姬松茸多糖ABP-AW1对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫增强作用。方法 ICR小鼠ip给予环磷酰胺80 mg·kg~(-1),连续3 d,制备免疫功能低下小鼠模型;随后分别ig给予ABP-AW1 125,250和500 mg·kg~(-1),每天1次,连续7 d。治疗结束后处死小鼠,检测小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数,碳廓清实验检测小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,ELISA法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌白细胞介素2(IL-2)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)水平,流式细胞术检测小鼠脾T淋巴细胞亚群CD4~+/CD8~+比值。结果与正常对照组比较,免疫低下模型小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数以及巨噬细胞吞噬指数均降低(P<0.05);ABPAW1 250和500 mg·kg~(-1)可显著提高免疫低下模型小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数(P<0.05),升高巨噬细胞吞噬指数(P<0.05)。与正常对照组比较,模型小鼠伴刀豆凝集素A(Con A)和脂多糖(LPS)分别诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖反应和B淋巴细胞增殖反应降低,脾细胞分泌IL-2和IFN-γ水平降低,脾细胞CD4~+/CD8~+比值下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,ABP-AW1 250和500 mg·kg~(-1)可促进免疫低下模型小鼠Con A和LPS分别诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖反应和B淋巴细胞增殖反应(P<0.05),显著增加脾细胞IL-2和IFN-γ水平(P<0.05),明显逆转免疫低下小鼠脾细胞CD4~+/CD8~+比值的下降(P<0.05)。结论 ABP-AW1对免疫功能低下小鼠具有一定的免疫增强作用。  相似文献   

4.
目的从细胞和整体动物水平研究新型膦酸酯类化合物DHBMGP2免疫抑制活性。方法分离正常BALB/c小鼠脾淋巴细胞,与DHBMGP2共培养72 h,用[3H]TdR掺入法测定淋巴细胞增殖反应;染料排斥法检测24 h细胞存活率,观察淋巴细胞毒性。雄性BALB/c小鼠用二硝基氯苯(DNCB)皮肤致敏2次(间隔1周),制备小鼠迟发型超敏反应模型,初次致敏当天开始ig给药,每天1次,连续10 d,第11天处死动物测定耳肿胀度。雌性BALB/c小鼠足跖sc注射鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)免疫2次(间隔2周),制备致敏模型,首次免疫当天开始ig给药,每天1次,连续4周,每周眼球后静脉丛采血,ELISA法检测血清OVA特异性IgG,IgG1和IgG2a抗体水平,[3H]TdR掺入法检测OVA抗原特异性T细胞反应。结果 DHBMGP2 1~100μmol.L-1体外应用可明显抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,对脾淋巴细胞24 h存活率无明显影响。DHBMGP2 20,40和80 mg.kg-1可以减轻DTH模型小鼠耳肿胀度,耳肿胀度由模型组的(8.1±3.4)mg分别降低为(5.2±2.1)(,5.1±1.0)和(5.4±1.3)mg,抑制其迟发型超敏反应。ig给予DHBMGP2 40和80 mg.kg-1可以明显抑制OVA致敏小鼠抗原特异性T细胞反应,[3H]TdR掺入值由模型组的(975±46)cpm分别降低为(769±30)和(601±45)cpm,但对血清OVA特异性抗体水平无明显影响。结论 DHBMGP2体内外应用对细胞免疫反应具有抑制作用,对体液免疫反应无明显影响。  相似文献   

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目的探讨MTT法检测卵蛋白(OVA)刺激哮喘小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的最佳实验条件。方法制备OVA诱导哮喘小鼠模型,分离脾淋巴细胞。接种不同浓度的脾淋巴细胞,在不同培养时间点测定吸光度(A)值,确定最佳细胞浓度和检测时间。观察不同浓度OVA对脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果最佳脾淋巴细胞接种浓度为2×106~4×106cells/ml,最佳检测时间为48 h。培养24和48 h时,细胞浓度为1×106~4×106cells/ml,A值与细胞浓度呈线性关系(r0.99)。10μg/ml OVA可诱导脾淋巴细胞显著增殖,100μg/ml OVA反而抑制脾淋巴细胞增殖。结论 MTT法可用于检测哮喘小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖,细胞浓度与A值呈线性关系。OVA浓度是影响脾淋巴细胞增殖的重要因素。  相似文献   

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儿茶素对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠迟发性超敏反应的影响*   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨宇清  魏伟 《中国新药杂志》2007,16(23):1940-1943
目的:研究儿茶素对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠迟发性超敏反应的影响。方法:以2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导小鼠迟发性超敏反应(DTH),致敏后立即腹腔注射(ip)环磷酰胺(Cy)125 mg.kg-1和致敏前3 d ip Cy 250mg.kg-1分别诱导小鼠降低和增强的DTH反应,用耳肿胀度、胸腺指数和脾指数作为主要检测指标。以ConA诱导胸腺T淋巴细胞,观察不同剂量或浓度的儿茶素体内外对胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2生成的影响。MTT法检测胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖,ConA诱导的胸腺T淋巴细胞培养上清中IL-2活性检测采用活化的小鼠胸腺细胞MTT比色法。结果:于致敏前3 d灌胃儿茶素30,60,120 mg.kg-1.d-1,连续7 d,在Cy诱导的DTH反应降低小鼠模型,儿茶素在60,120 mg.kg-1剂量可显著上调其低下的耳肿胀度、胸腺和脾指数,并上调胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应以及产生的IL-2水平;在Cy诱导的DTH反应增强小鼠模型,儿茶素60,120 mg.kg-1可显著下调其增高的耳肿胀、胸腺和脾指数,儿茶素30,60,120 mg.kg-1可显著抑制其增强的胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应以及产生的IL-2水平。儿茶素体外在25~200 mg.L-1浓度时能增强Cy诱导的DTH反应降低的小鼠胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2水平;儿茶素在12.5~200 mg.L-1浓度时能降低Cy诱导的DTH反应增强的小鼠胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2水平。结论:儿茶素对小鼠的细胞免疫具有调节作用。  相似文献   

7.
苏木提取物对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的免疫干预作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘雪芹  于湄  白凤楼 《医药导报》2009,28(4):433-436
目的 研究苏木提取物对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病发病的免疫干预作用,并初步探讨其作用机制. 方法 采用4周龄NOD小鼠,不同剂量的苏木乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物分别灌胃给药,连续观察对NOD小鼠糖尿病发病率的影响. 28周龄时处死小鼠,取胰腺组织做苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,行胰岛炎评分. 分离脾脏淋巴细胞,噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,ELISA法测定脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中细胞因子干扰素(IFN)-γ和白细胞介素(IL)-10含量. 结果 不同剂量的两种苏木提取物均可剂量依赖性地降低NOD小鼠的发病率,并显著改善小鼠体内胰岛炎的严重程度. 体外实验发现,与模型对照组相比,苏木提取物可显著抑制脾脏淋巴细胞增殖能力,并抑制Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ的产生,促进Th2型细胞因子IL-10的分泌. 结论 苏木提取物免疫干预后可显著降低NOD小鼠的糖尿病发病率,其机制与改善体内Th型细胞因子失衡状态并抑制淋巴细胞增殖有关.  相似文献   

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淋巴细胞活性染色质诱导系统性红斑狼疮样小鼠模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的建立活性染色质诱导系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)样小鼠模型。方法从ConA活化的BALB/c小鼠脾淋巴细胞中提取活性染色质,分别于d 0、d 14、d 21和d 28以染色质100μg在BALB/c小鼠尾根部及背部皮内注射免疫4次,诱导SLE样小鼠模型。目测半定量尿蛋白试纸法检测动物的尿蛋白变化,HE染色法检查动物的肾脏、脾脏病理改变,计算动物的胸腺和脾脏指数,MTT法检测ConA和LPS诱导的T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应,全自动生化分析仪检测血清中Crea和BUN水平,ELISA法检测小鼠血清中ANA、抗dsDNA、IgG1、IgG2a、IL-10、IFN-γ水平,流式细胞术检测脾脏T、B淋巴细胞亚群变化。结果诱导模型小鼠尿蛋白水平升高,出现肾小球肾炎、脾脏增生等病理改变;脾脏指数明显升高,LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖反应增强;血清Crea、BUN、ANA、抗dsDNA、IgG1、IgG2a、IL-10和IFN-γ水平明显升高;脾脏CD19+、CD19+CD21+、CD19+CD23+、CD19+IgD+B淋巴细胞亚群百分比明显升高,CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞百分比明显下降。结论 ConA活化淋巴细胞的染色质免疫同系BALB/c小鼠成功诱导了SLE样小鼠模型,其血清学、组织病理学及免疫学方面特征与人类SLE临床特征表现相似。  相似文献   

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目的:通过建立小鼠T1DN模型,观察对照组、T1DN组及PDTC组的实验结果,研究吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)二者表达的影响,探讨PDTC在糖尿病早期使用对糖尿病肾病(DN)的发展影响。方法:36只SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠,适应性喂养后随机分为对照组,T1DN组及PDTC组,每组12只,将STZ用柠檬酸缓冲液配制为20mg/mL的STZ注射液,以0.1mL/10g对T1DN组、PDTC组小鼠进行一次性腹腔注射制作1型糖尿病模型,对照组给予盐水注射,成膜后(空腹血糖≥16.7mmol/L,C肽≤0.8ng/mL),PDTC组腹腔注射PDTC 60mg/kg隔日一次,持续2周,另外两组同体积生理盐水腹腔注射。T1DN组、PDTC组连续4周出现尿微量白蛋白,C肽≤0.8ng/mL,考虑1型糖尿病肾病成膜。小鼠记录体质量后麻醉,拔眼球采血分离血清检测BUN,Cr、HbA1c, FINS,随后处死并观察肾脏,胰腺病理改变,免疫组化检测VEGF、PEDF表达水平。结果:T1DN组、PDTC组小鼠BUN,Cr、FINS及β细胞功能指...  相似文献   

10.
商陆多糖Ⅰ(Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharides Ⅰ,PAP-Ⅰ)体外能显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,促进丝裂原诱导的淋巴细胞转化及双向混合淋巴细胞反应。检测PAP-Ⅰ和小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清液发现PAP-Ⅰ可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白细胞介素2(IL-2)及集落刺激因子(colony stimulating factor,CSF)。PAP-Ⅰ和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清液中也存在CSF活性及促进重组粒单系集落刺激因子诱导骨髓细胞增殖的细胞因子。PAP-Ⅰ,ip可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及IL-2产生。  相似文献   

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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
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This article assesses pain within the context of the dose response. A substantial number of studies indicate that the dose response for pain-related endpoints is commonly biphasic, being independent of the type of biological model employed, endpoint measured, or agent tested. The quantitative features of the dose response are also remarkably consistent regardless of the receptor pathway that mediates the nociceptive response, indicating a likely downstream message convergence. These findings have important implications for drug discovery, development, and clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

19.
Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.  相似文献   

20.
The current USP National Formulary contains 65 Monographs for drug formulations containing neomycin. All 65 Monographs prescribe a bioassay for neomycin assay. This bioassay, based on cell culture, is labor intensive, has poor precision, and cannot be adapted for purity or identification. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-IPAD), a liquid chromatography technique, has been shown to be suitable for neomycin purity analysis and neomycin assay of an over-the-counter first aid cream (Hanko and Rohrer [17]). Here we propose that an HPAE-IPAD assay can replace the bioassay in the 65 neomycin-containing Monographs. We applied the HPAE-IPAD assay to four neomycin-containing drug products representing the four classes of formulations found in the 65 Monographs, liquid, solid, suspension, and cream. Each drug was analyzed with two chromatography systems, and on 3 separate days. For all products, HPAE-IPAD measurements were precise and accurate with respect to the label concentrations. There was also high accuracy for spike recovery of neomycin from the four drug products throughout 70–150% of the labeled concentration. These results suggest that an HPAE-IPAD assay would be an accurate assay for neomycin, and would be faster and more precise than the current bioassay.  相似文献   

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