广西壮族自治区妊娠期糖尿病与人类白细胞抗原Ⅱ类基因多态性的关系

目的探讨广西壮族自治区人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-Ⅱ类基因多态性与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性。方法选取妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇100例作为试验组,100例糖耐量正常的孕妇作为对照组,采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR)对2组孕妇的HLA-Ⅱ类基因进行检测和分析。结果 2组孕妇经基因检测后,GDM组等位基因DQA1*0301、DRB1*0301和DRB1*1302的频率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);DQA1*0103、DQA1*0501和DQB1*0601等位基因的频率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DQB1*0201、DQB1*0302、DQB1*0602等位基因的频率高于对照组,但差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在广西壮族自治地区,HLA-Ⅱ类等位基因与GDM的发病存在相关的联系,等位基因DRB1*0301、DRB1*1302和DQA1*0301是妊娠期糖尿病的易感基因。     

中国汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮HLA-DQ基因多态性的Meta分析

目的综合评价中国汉族人群HLA-DQ基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的关联性。方法以系统性红斑狼疮病例组和健康对照组的各HLA-DQ等位基因频数分布的OR值为统计量,全面检索相关文献,应用M eta分析软件包Revm an 4.2,在基因分型水平上,对各研究的结果进行一致性检验和数据合并,并评估发表偏倚。结果等位基因DQA1*0102、DQB1*0601是中国汉族人群SLE患者的危险基因(均P<0.05),它们的合并OR值分别为:1.82,1.95;等位基因DQA1*0301、DQA1*0302、DQA1*0601、DQB1*0301、DQB1*0302、DQB1*0401和DQB1*0503是中国汉族人群SLE患者的保护基因(均P<0.05),它们合并OR值分别为:,0.72,0.43,0.36,0.40,0.39,0.24,0.41。结论中国汉族人群SLE与HLA-DQ的某些等位基因具有关联性,且存在区别于其他人群的特殊性。     

Graves病低钾血症与HLA—DQA1等位基因的关联

目的:探讨天津地区汉族人Graves病(GD)低钾血症与HLA-DQA1等位基因多态性的关系.方法:采用PCR-限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析法(RFLP)测定GD患者及正常对照者的HLA-DQA1等位基因型,计算并比较GD和正常对照组的基因型频率;GD中周期性麻痹患者、非周期性麻痹低血钾患者和正常血钾患者的基因型频率.结果:GD患者HLA-DQA1*0301基因频率明显高于正常对照组(RR=1.577,P<0.05);而HLA-DQA1*0201和HLA-DQA1*0401基因频率明显低于正常对照组(RR=0.395,P<0.05;RR=0.113,P<0.01).GD中周期性麻痹患者、非周期性麻痹低血钾患者与正常血钾患者相比,HLA-DQA1等位基因的基因频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:HLA-DQA1*0301可能是天津地区汉族人群GD甲亢的易感基因,而HLA-DQA1*0201和HLA-DQA1*0401可能是天津地区汉族人GD甲亢的保护基因;但未发现GD低钾血症与HLA-DQA1基因有关.     

山西汉族人群HLA-DQ基因多态性分析

目的 分析山西汉族人群HLA-DQA1、HLA-DQB1基因多态性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)法对100例山西汉族健康人进行HLA-DQA1、HIA-DQB1基因分型,并与国内部分地区汉族人群进行比较.结果 ①共检出9种HLA-DQA1等位基因型别,分别是:HLA-DQA1*0301/2(24.5%)、*0102(14.0%)、*0103(12.5%)、*0201(12.O%)、*0501(12.O%)、*0104(8.5%)、*0401(8.O%)、*0601(4.5%)、*0101(4.0%).②在100个健康人中共检出13种HIA-DQB1等位基因型别,分别是:HLA-DQB1*0301/4(21.0%)、*0201(18.5%)、*0303(14.5%)、*0302(12%)、*0603/8(9.0%)、*0501(5.5%)、*0401(4.5%)、*0602(4.5%)、*0604(3.5%)、*0503(2.5%)、*0601(2.0%)、*0502(1.5%)、*0402(1.0%).③山西汉族HLA-DQ等位基因分布与北方汉族接近,又有其自身特征.结论 山西汉族人群HLA-DQ基因具有丰富的多态性.其分布特征与北方汉族人群接近,但又有其独特性.     

50例脑梗死患者抗心磷脂抗体分析

目的分析脑梗死与抗心磷脂抗体的关系。方法对50例脑梗死患者和对照组40例进行抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)检查，对检查结果进行分析。结果脑梗死组ACA阳性率(14例，27％)明显高于对照组，其中14例ACA阳性患者的平均年龄比ACA阴性患者的平均年龄轻。结论ACA与脑梗死有一定的关系。     

Graves病甲亢白细胞减少与HLA-DQA1基因多态性的关联性

目的：研究天津地区汉族Graves病甲状腺功能亢进症（GD甲亢）白细胞减少与HLA-DQA1基因多态性的关联。方法：采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应（PCR-RFLP）法检测60例GD甲亢白细胞减少患者、60例GD甲亢白细胞正常患者、100例正常对照者的HLA-DQA1基因型，计算和比较3组的HLA-DQA1等位基因频率。结果：（1）GD甲亢患者DQA1^＊0301频率高于对照组（P〈0．05，OR=1．528），而DQAI^＊0201频率和DQAI^＊0401频率低于对照组（P〈0．05，0R=0．474；P〈0．05，OR=0．333）。（2）GD甲亢白细胞减少组DAQI^＊0301高于对照组（P〈0．05，0R=1．737）。而DQAI^＊0201和DQAI^＊0401低于对照组（P〈0．05，OR=0．310；P〈0．05，OR=0．132）。GD甲亢白细胞正常组与对照组差别无统计学意义。结论：HLA-DQAI^＊0301等位基因可能是天津地区汉族人GD甲亢的易感基因，但并非GD甲亢白细胞减少的易感基因；HLA-DQAI^＊0201和HLA-DQAI^＊0401可能是天津地区汉族人GD甲亢的保护基因，但并非GD甲亢白细胞减少的保护基因。     

HLA-DQA1等位基因与儿童GD的相关性研究

目的研究人类白细胞抗原-DQA1(HLA-DQA1)等位基因与儿童Graves病(GD)的相关性.方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)基因分型技术对24例GD患儿及51例正常儿童对照进行了HLA-DQA1基因分型并分析其相关性.结果GD组HLA-DQA1 0201等位基因频率(GF)明显低于正常对照组(RR=0.09,P＜0.01).结论HLA DQA1 0201可能是儿童GD的一个保护等位基因.     

习惯性流产与人类白细胞抗原DQB1基因多态性的相关性

目的探讨习惯性流产（HA）与人类白细胞抗原DQB1（HLA-DQB1）基因多态性的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法分析60例HA患者和60例正常生育妇女的DQB1基因型。结果 HA组患者的DQB1＊0303等位基因的频率为31.67%,明显高于正常妇女组10.00%的等位基因的频率,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.54,P〈0.01）。结论 DQB1＊0303单元型可能与HA的发病密切相关。     

抗HLA-I/II抗体、抗心磷脂抗体和抗β2糖蛋白1抗体与不孕和流产的关系

目的探讨抗HLA-I/II抗体、抗心磷脂抗体（ACA）和抗β2糖蛋白1（β2GP1）抗体与不孕和流产的关系。方法选取2011～2012年在本院就诊的不孕症患者550例、复发性流产患者1650例和正常分娩者150例。对各组分别进行抗HLA-I/II抗体、抗心磷脂抗体和抗β2GP1抗体检测,并将阳性率进行比较。结果不孕组抗HLA-I/II阴性率、ACA和抗β2GP1阳性率分别为76.0%、19.3%和17.5%;RSA组抗HLA-I/II阴性率、ACA和抗β2GP1阳性率分别为85.0%、23.5%和22.7%;均显著高于对照组,P〈0.05。结论抗HLA-I/II抗体、抗心磷脂抗体和抗β2GP1抗体是引起不孕和复发性流产的重要因素。     

K562白血病细胞系HLA-II等位基因型

目的:测定K562白血病细胞系HLA -II等位基因型。方法:采用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片断长度多态性技术对K562白血病细胞系HLA -II类抗原基因进行DNA分型。结果:K562细胞系的HLA -II基因型均为纯合子型 ,等位基因分别是 :DRB1*0301/*0301,DQB1*0201/*0201,DPB1*0402/*0402。结论:提高对K562白血病细胞系HLA -II基因型的认识,可为髓系白血病分子免疫遗传学基因型研究提供初步的检测资料     

内皮素-1与内皮素-1受体拮抗剂

内皮素－1（ET－1）是一种内源性的具有强缩血管活性的肽类物质，参与多种心血管疾病的病理生理过程。ET－1经与ET－1受体结合而发挥作用，多种不同结构类型的ET－1受体拮抗剂对某些心血管疾病均有良好的疗效。本文综述了近年来在ET－1及其受体拮抗剂等方面的研究进展。     

Vascular sphingosine-1-phosphate S1P1 and S1P3 receptors

The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts on five subtypes of G-protein- coupled receptors, termed S1P(1) (formerly endothelial differentiation gene-1 [Edg-1]), S1P(2) (Edg-5), S1P(3) (Edg-3), S1P(4) (Edg-6) and S1P(5) (Edg-8), and possibly several other "orphan" receptors, such as GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12. These receptors are coupled to different intracellular second messenger systems, including adenylate cyclase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as Rho- and Ras-dependent pathways. Consistently with this receptor multiplicity and pleiotropic signaling mechanisms, S1P influences numerous cell functions. S1P(1)1, S1P(2) and S1P(3) receptors are the major S1P receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system, where they mediate the effects of S1P released from platelets, and possibly other tissues (such as brain). Thus S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors enhance endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, playing a key role in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. In contrast, S1P(2) receptors inhibit migration of these cell types, probably because of their unique stimulatory effect on a GTPase-activating protein inhibiting the activity of Rac. S1P receptors can also cause relaxation and constriction of blood vessels. The former effect is mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive receptors (possibly S1P(1)) located on the endothelium and stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The vasoconstricting effect of S1P is likely to be mediated by S1P(2) and/or S1P(3) receptors, via Rho-Rho-kinase, and is more potent in coronary and cerebral blood vessels. Finally, S1P also protects endothelial cells from apoptosis through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/eNOS via S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors. The variety of these effects, taken together with the existence of multiple receptor subtypes, provides an abundance of therapeutic targets that currently still await the development of selective agents.     

Association between glutathione S-transferase A1, M1 and T1 polymorphisms and hypertension

The importance of oxidative stress in hypertension has recently received increasing attention. The association between the incidence of hypertension and a super family of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST)A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1, polymorphisms was investigated in 468 Japanese participants in a health screening program. The frequency of the GSTA1*B allele carriers was significantly higher in hypertensive patients than normotensive participants [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.9]. The risk of hypertension was significantly increased in the GSTA1*B allele carriers having also the GSTM1 null genotype or both the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes (adjusted OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.9; adjusted OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.0-9.5, respectively). This is the first report identifying the GSTA1*B allele as a genetic risk factor for hypertension. The determination of the GST genotypes may help in identifying individuals at high-risk for hypertension.     

Preferential induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in CCSP-positive cells.

Both benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are potent ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR). Although animal studies indicate that both compounds induce pathological changes in the peripheral lung, the specific cell type involved remains unclear. Clara cells, expressing Clara cell specific protein (CCSP) and abundant in cytochrome P450, are nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells in the peripheral lung. Here we explore the hypothesis that CCSP-positive Clara cells are highly responsive to AhR ligands and are the primary cell type involved in BaP- and TCDD-induced toxicities. The responsiveness to AhR ligands was evaluated by measuring the respective mRNA and protein levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and 1B1 (CYP1B1) using real-time RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry assays. Two in vitro models were used: primary cultures of human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells and rat lung slice cultures. In the presence of calcium, human SAE cells differentiated into CCSP-positive cells. BaP- and TCDD-induced mRNA and protein levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 levels were significantly elevated in CCSP-positive cell cultures. Similarly, AhR mRNA and protein levels were increased in CCSP-positive cell cultures, as determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. When rat lung slice cultures were treated with BaP or TCDD for 24 h, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins were strongly induced in Clara cells. These results indicate that, in the peripheral lung of both rats and humans, CCSP-positive cells (Clara cells) may be more sensitive to AhR ligands than other cell types.     

Metabolism of the soyabean isoflavone daidzein by CYP1A2 and the extra-hepatic CYPs 1A1 and 1B1 affects biological activity

Metabolism of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, which may protect against some cancers, was studied using human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP isoforms. The detection of three, more polar metabolites of each isoflavone by RP-HPLC required NADPH, consistent with CYP-mediated metabolism. For different liver preparations, metabolite generation from daidzein showed a significant linear correlation with metabolite generation from genistein, indicating metabolism by the same CYP(s). The lowest rate of metabolism of both isoflavones was by the preparation with the lowest CYP1A2 activity. Metabolite peak areas were substantially and significantly reduced by the CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline and to a lesser extent by the CYP2E1 inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole. Recombinant CYP1A2, but not CYP2E1, generated the metabolites of daidzein and genistein and recombinant CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, expressed at sites including the breast and prostate, were also active. The effects of two CYP-derived metabolites of daidzein, 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone and 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, were studied in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line at a concentration (50 microM) at which daidzein induces an antiproliferative response. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone reduced total cell numbers to a greater extent than 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone or daidzein and increased cell death. Together, these data demonstrate proof of principle that CYP-mediated metabolism of daidzein can be an activation pathway. We conclude that CYP1A2 makes the major contribution to the hepatic metabolism of both daidzein and genistein and along with metabolism at sites of hormone-dependent tumours may enhance a cancer-protective effect of daidzein if sufficiently high concentrations are reached in target tissues.