苗药大乌泡叶提取物的体外抑菌作用考察

目的:考察苗药大乌泡叶提取物的体外抑菌作用。方法:将大乌泡叶煎煮水提物和80%醇提物均制备成质量浓度为200mg/m L的药液,并以氨苄青霉素和氟康唑为阳性对照(50 mg/m L),采用管碟法测定其对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、痢疾志贺菌、普通变形杆菌、白色念珠菌、新型隐球菌的抑菌作用。依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取80%醇提物,得到相应部位萃取物(50 mg/m L)后,采用管碟法考察其对上述7种菌株的抑菌作用;筛选出具有抑菌作用的部位及对药物敏感的试验菌株,并分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和琼脂培养基平板法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:大乌泡叶的水提物几乎无抑菌活性,80%醇提物对各菌株则表现出不同程度的抑制作用,对5种细菌的抑菌作用优于对2种真菌;大乌泡叶80%醇提物的乙酸乙酯及正丁醇萃取部位表现出良好的抑菌作用,石油醚和水层部位几乎没有抑菌作用,各萃取部位对真菌均未见抑制作用;大乌泡叶80%醇提物对5种细菌的MIC、MBC分别在6.25~12.5、12.5~25 mg/m L之间,其乙酸乙酯部位的MIC、MBC分别为3.13、6.25 mg/m L,其正丁醇部位的MIC、MBC分别在3.13~6.25、6.25~12.5 mg/m L之间。结论:苗药大乌泡叶的80%醇提物及其乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部位对细菌具有明显的体外抑菌作用。     

常春卫矛提取物体外及体内抑菌作用的试验研究

目的：研究常春卫矛水提物、醇提物及5种不同溶剂提取物的抑菌活性。方法体外抑菌试验采用试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板法,考察常春卫矛水提物、醇提物及5种不同溶剂（石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇）提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、铜绿假单胞菌的体外抑菌活性;体内抑菌试验以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌种,小鼠灌胃分别给予常春卫矛水提物、醇提物14凿,腹腔注射金黄色葡萄球菌,通过观察小鼠死亡率衡量常春卫矛提取物的体内抑菌活性。结果体外抑菌试验显示,常春卫矛水提物及醇提物均对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、铜绿假单胞菌有一定程度的抑制作用,5种不同溶剂提取物中,甲醇、正丁醇、乙醇乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、铜绿假单胞菌有一定程度的抑制作用,石油醚、氯仿提取物无明显抑制作用。体内抑菌试验显示,常春卫矛水提物低（16.0 g/kg）、高（32.0 g/kg）剂量组、醇提物高剂量组（32.0 g/kg）有明显降低金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠死亡率的作用（P＜0.05）。结论常春卫矛提取物具有一定程度的抑菌作用。     

枸骨不同部位不同溶剂萃取物的抗菌与抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究枸骨叶、茎枝、果实萃取物的抗菌与抗氧化活性。方法:采用纸片扩散法,分别测定枸骨叶、茎枝、果实的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、伤寒杆菌的抗菌活性;选取对3种菌的抑菌圈直径均不小于10 mm且相对较大的萃取物,采用倍比稀释法测量其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。采用分光光度法测定过氧化值(POV),比较猪油(空白对照)和不同溶剂萃取物加样16 d内的抗氧化作用。结果:除石油醚萃取物无抗菌活性、所有萃取物对伤寒杆菌无抗菌活性外,叶、茎枝、果实的抑菌圈直径分别为8~26、7~21、7~21 mm。针对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌,枸骨叶氯仿萃取物的MIC、MBC分别为0.125、0.5、0.5 mg/ml,0.25、1.0、0.5 mg/ml;枸骨叶乙酸乙酯萃取物的MIC、MBC分别为0.062 5、0.25、0.25 mg/ml,0.062 5、0.5、0.5 mg/ml。枸骨不同溶剂萃取物的POV曲线均在空白对照曲线的下方。结论:枸骨叶乙酸乙酯萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性最强,枸骨叶、茎枝、果实的萃取物均有抗氧化作用。     

板蓝根不同提取部位抗菌活性的实验性研究

目的研究并比较板蓝根不同提取部位的抗菌作用。方法以不同极性溶剂革取板蓝根．得水煎液总提取物、石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、氯仿提取物、正丁醇提取物及革取后物质等不同极性部位。以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为试验对象,采用试管稀释法比较板蓝根不同提取部位的抗菌作用。结果板蓝根水提部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、氯仿部位及石油醚部位均具有一定的抗菌作用．而革后部位没有抗菌作用。其活性比较：正丁醇部位〉乙酸乙酯部位〉氯仿部位〉水提部位〉石油醚部位。结论板蓝根能有效抑制金葡球菌和大肠埃希菌。具有广谱抗菌作用。板蓝根抗菌作用并不局限于一个部位,它是通过多种有效成分、多环节、多途径地发挥协同作用而表现出抗菌功效。     

肿痛安胶囊水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性

目的考察肿痛安胶囊水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂二倍稀释法,以万古霉素为阳性对照品、以金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213为质控菌,测定了2个批次的肿痛安提取物对甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、甲氧西林敏感表皮葡萄球菌(MSSE)、耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)共123株临床分离致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果结果表明:肿痛安胶囊水提物对51株MRSA、25株MSSA、33株MRSE的MICrange为12.5 mg/ml~>50 mg/ml,MIC50分别为12.5 mg/ml、25 mg/ml、12.5 mg/ml;对受试的14株MSSE的MICrange为12.5~50 mg/ml,MIC50为25 mg/ml。结论肿痛安胶囊水提物对MRSA、MSSA、MRSE、MSSE均有较好的体外抗菌活性。     

金樱根提取物体外抑菌活性的实验研究

目的比较金樱根不同极性溶剂的提取物的抑菌作用。方法用5种不同极性的溶剂提取金樱根,用倍比稀释法和抑菌圈测定其抑菌作用。结果金樱根水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC值分别为:10、40、10、40mg/ml,金樱根75%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC值分别为:10、10、10、20 mg/ml,金樱根乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为20 mg/ml,对痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌无明显抑制作用;石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物无抑菌作用。结论金樱根的水提取物和乙醇提取物有较好抑菌作用,其它溶剂提取物抑菌作用较差。     

藏药大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌活性

目的:研究并比较大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌作用。方法:以不同极性溶剂萃取大籽獐牙菜乙醇提取物,得石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物及萃取后物质等不同极性部位。以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌为试验对象,采用平皿打孔灌药法比较大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌作用。结果:大籽獐牙菜的石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位均具有一定的抗菌作用,而萃取后部位没有抗菌作用,其抗G+菌活性比较:乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位>正丁醇部位;抗G-菌作用:正丁醇部位>乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位;抗真菌活性比较:乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位>正丁醇部位。结论:大籽獐牙菜能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌,具有广谱抗菌作用。大籽獐牙菜的抗菌作用不限于一个部位,而是通过多种有效成分、多个环节、多种途径发挥协调作用产生抗菌功效。     

千根草粗取物体外抑菌活性部位的筛选研究

目的 以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变异链球菌、绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌为试验菌株研究千根草的体外抑菌活性.方法 通过K-B纸片扩散法及利用连续（试管）稀释法对70%醇提物,水层、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚相萃取物测定抑菌活性.结果 总提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为25.00g·L-1.粗分部位中,乙酸乙酯相萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌抑菌活性最好,其最低抑菌浓度分别为25、12.5、3.13、25g·L-1,水层无抑菌活性.结论 千根草的抑菌活性成分主要存在于乙酸乙酯萃取相中.     

清肺消炎丸体外抗菌活性研究

目的观察清肺消炎丸对9种肺炎常见病原菌的体外抗菌作用。方法采用琼脂稀释法,测定清肺消炎丸对9种药敏质控菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果清肺消炎丸对肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌的MIC分别为6.25、25、25、50mg/mL,相应的MBC分别为12.5、25、50、50mg/mL;对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌及白色念珠菌均无明显体外抑菌活性。结论清肺消炎丸对肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌具有体外抗菌作用,其中对链球菌的抗菌活性较高。     

虎射利咽方体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：研究虎射利咽方的体外抑菌作用。方法：采用管碟法和标准试管二倍稀释法测定虎射利咽方对供试菌的抑菌活性、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：虎射利咽方对金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型链球菌的最大抑菌圈直径分别为15、22mm;最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为200、25mg/ml;最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为500、50mg/ml,对大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌抑菌效果不明显。结论：虎射利咽方有抑菌作用。     

番薯藤提取物抗痤疮丙酸杆菌有效部位筛选研究

目的 研究番薯藤提取物对痤疮丙酸杆菌的体外抑菌作用,并对其有效部位进行筛选。方法 采用固体平板法、试管2倍比稀释法测定番薯藤水、醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌圈大小和最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）,采用系统溶剂法对番薯藤醇提物进行梯度提取,分别得到石油醚层、二氯甲烷层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和水层5个不同极性部位,并确定其有效部位及相应的MIC、最低杀菌浓度（minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC）。结果 番薯藤醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌有较强抑制作用,其MIC为50 mg·mL^-1。其中石油醚部位的抑菌作用最强,MIC为12.5 mg·mL^-1,MBC为25 mg·mL^-1;其次为正丁醇部位,MIC为25 mg·mL^-1,MBC为100 mg·mL^-1。结论 番薯藤醇提物对痤疮丙酸杆菌存在体外抑制作用,其有效成分主要集中于石油醚和正丁醇部位。     

复方白鲜皮洗剂抗菌实验

目的:探讨复方白鲜皮洗剂的体外抗菌作用.方法:以临床妇科常见致病菌为受试菌,采用连续倍比稀释法,观察复方白鲜皮洗剂的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度.结果:复方白鲜皮洗剂的MIC和MBC分别为白色念珠菌12.5%和25.0%(ml/ml),金黄色葡萄球菌12.5%和25.0%(ml/ml),绿脓杆菌均为6.25%(ml/ml).结论:复方白鲜皮洗剂对白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌有一定的抑菌和杀菌作用.     

Screening of Antibacterial Activity of South Brazilian Baccharis. Species

Abstract

South Brazilian Baccharis. species were studied for antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using disk diffusion and broth dilution assays. The results showed that the n.-BuOH fraction (100 µg) from Baccharis usterii. Heering exhibited inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus., Enterococcus faecalis., and Enterococcus faecium.. The n.-BuOH fraction of Baccharis spicata. (Lam.) Bailon (1000 µg) was effective against S. aureus., Escherichia coli., Enterococcus faecalis., and Enterococcus faecium.. The crude extract of Baccharis trimera. (Less) A. P. de Candolle (in doses of 1000 µ/disc) showed activity against S. aureus.. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) obtained from n.-BuOH fraction of B. spicata. were 50 mg/ml against S. aureus., E. coli., E. faecalis., and E. faecium.. From the crude extract of B. trimera., a MBC of 25 mg/ml was obtained against S. aureus.. The n.-BuOH fraction of B. usterii. showed a MBC of 25 mg/ml against S. aureus. and 50 mg/ml against E. faecalis. and E. faecium., while the crude extract of this plant showed a MBC of 12.5 mg/ml against S. aureus..     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives of amoxicillin

A number of 6-[2-(dihydro-5-substituted-6-thioxo-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-3( 4H)-yl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]penicillanic acids has been synthesized as prodrugs by incorporating the amine group of amoxicillin trihydrate into tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione ring. The compounds have been prepared by the reaction of various alkyl or aralkyl amines with potassium hydroxide, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde and amoxicillin trihydrate. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated by UV, IR, 1H-NMR spectra and elementary analysis. The in vitro activity of these compounds against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea, C. pseudotropicalis) was investigated by the tube dilution method and compared with the activity of amoxicillin trihydrate. By this way their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined. Compound I and Compound VII were significantly more effective than amoxicillin trihydrate against S. aureus (MBC: 6.25 micrograms/ml). Compound VI and Compound XI were effective against S. faecalis (MBC: 6.25 micrograms/ml) and Compound I and Compound VI were effective against E. coli (MBC: 12.5 micrograms/ml). All of the compounds and amoxicillin trihydrate were ineffective against P. aeruginosa (MIC: greater than 100 micrograms/ml). Compound IX and Compound X were the most active derivatives against yeast-like fungi; the MFC values for these compounds ranged between 6.25 and 37.5 micrograms/ml.     

Evaluation of antibacterial properties of Matricaria aurea on clinical isolates of periodontitis patients with special reference to red complex bacteria

BackgroundChronic periodontitis has an interplay between different species of bacteria found in dental biofilms act a crucial role in pathogenesis and disease progression. The existing antibacterial therapy is inadequate, associated with many side effects as well as evolving multidrug resistance. Hence, novel drugs development with minimum or no toxicity is an immediate priority.MethodsAntibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of Matricaria aurea was tested against clinical isolates, ie. Treponema denticol, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis from the patients with chronic periodontitis. Zone of inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were investigated by well diffusion method and micro broth dilution assay using alamar blue. Anti-virulence properties of the extract, which include adherence property and the biofilm formation, were investigated by adherence as well as biofilm formation assay.ResultsMatricaria aurea extract showed potent inhibitory effect against pathogenic periodontal bacteria with the significant inhibitory zone (13–23 mm), MIC (0.39–1.56 mg/ml) as well as MBC (1.56–6.25 mg/ml). The M. aurea extract was able to inhibit bacterial adhesion ranged from 30 to 45%, 35 to 63% and 55 to 80% of MIC at MIC × 0.5, MIC × 1 and MIC × 2 respectively. Significant inhibition was found in biofilm formation to all the tested periodontal bacterial strains after the treatment with various concentrations of M. aurea extract for 24 and 48hrs.ConclusionThese results reveal for the first time that the Matricaria aurea extract might be the source of various compounds to be applied for chronic periodontitis therapy, which might draw these valuable compounds to the subsequent phase of development of the drug.     

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Widely Used Among AIDS Patients in Thailand

Abstract

Antibacterial activity of 12 selected Thai medicinal plants used as self-medication by HIV/AIDS patients in Thailand was studied. Thirty-nine chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts from these plants were investigated for their antibacterial activity against important pathogenic bacteria commonly associated with AIDS infection. These included Staphylococcus aureus., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (MRSA), Streptococcus mutans., and Salmonella typhi.. Inhibition of growth was tested using paper disk agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by agar microdilution method and agar dilution method in Petri dishes with millipore filters. The Gram-positive bacteria were proved to be susceptible to the chloroform extracts of Alpinia galanga. (L.) Willd., Boesenbergia rotunda. Mansf. (L.), Piper betle. (L.), Spilanthes acmella. (L.) Murray, and Zingiber zerumbet. (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. and the methanol extract of Boesenbergia rotunda.. Chloroform extract of Alpinia galanga. demonstrated the greatest inhibition zones of 29.1 and 23.7 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. and MRSA, respectively. The MIC values of this extract against Staphylococcus aureus. and MRSA were 128 and 256 µg/ml and the MBC values were 256 and 256 µg/ml, respectively. An active compound, 1′-acetoxy-chavicol acetate, was identified with MIC values against MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus. of 64 and 128 µg/ml, respectively.     

13种中药材提取物体外抗菌活性筛选

目的:研究比较13种常见中药材80%乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)、大肠埃希菌(Escherichiacoli,EC)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans,CA)的抑制作用。方法:通过旋转蒸发仪减压蒸馏将13种常见中药材的80%乙醇冷浸提取物浓缩制备成干浸膏,琼脂打孔法测量其抑菌圈直径,微量液体培养基倍比稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration,MBC/MFC),测定这13种中药材粗提物对临床常见4种病原菌的体外抗菌活性。结果:鸡冠花、大狼毒、川明参、巴戟天、白茅根、一支箭对13株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的MIC/MBC值,除个别菌是12.5 mg·mL-1,其他MIC值都在0.09~6.25 mg·mL-1之间;鸡冠花、川明参、荜澄茄对一株标准EC有抑菌活性其MIC/MBC值均在6.25~12.5 mg·mL-1之间;大狼毒、鸡冠花、白茅根、没药、川明参、巴戟天、一支箭对10株耐药PA,其MIC/MBC值在0.78~6.25 mg·mL-1之间;川明参、巴戟天、大狼毒、对7株CA的耐药菌株,其MIC/MFC值在3.12~6.25 mg·mL-1之间。结论:鸡冠花、大狼毒、川明参、白茅根具有广谱抗菌活性,且抑菌活性强弱依次是SA>PA>EC>CA。     

清喉口含片动物体内、外抑菌实验研究

目的研究清喉口含片的体内、外抑菌作用。方法采用标准试管二倍稀释法测定清喉口含片的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并观察清喉口含片在小鼠体内对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。结果清喉口含片对金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌均有明显的体外抑制作用,其MIC、MBC分别为0.0625~0.50、0.125~1.0g/ml,对腹腔注射金黄色葡萄球菌的小鼠具有抑菌作用。结论清喉口含片具有体内、外抑菌作用。