复方石韦片中生物碱的分离测定

目的:建立了复方石韦片中槐果碱和苦参碱的分离测定方法。方法:采用高效毛细管电泳法进行测定。运行电压27kV;运行缓冲液为0.2 mol·L~(-1) Tris-40 mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠-5％异丙醇,磷酸调pH 5.75;进样方式:真空进样;进样时间:5s;检测波长:205nm。结果:槐果碱和苦参碱的线性范围分别为0.5～5.76μg·mL~(-1)和0.66～13.2μg·mL~(-1),相关系数分别为0.9991和0.999 3,平均回收率分别为99.5％和99.3%,RSD分别小于4％和2％(n=3)。结论;本法简便、快速、重现性好。     

毛细管区带电泳法测定马钱子药材及其制剂中士的宁和马钱子碱的含量

目的:建立了测定马钱子药材及其制剂中土的宁和马钱子碱含量的毛细管区带电泳法。方法:选择25mmol·L~(-1)醋酸钠含0.01％冰醋酸(pH3.86)溶液为运行缓冲液,无涂层毛细管柱(57cm×75μm,有效长度50cm),采用5kPa,5s压力进样,运行电压30.0 kV,温度20℃,DAD检测波长203nm。实验以盐酸麻黄碱为内标物质。结果:士的宁和马钱子碱的浓度分别在6.93～138.20μg·mL~(-1)和6.51～130.20μg·mL~(-1)范围内时,具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r分别为0.9997和0.9994(n=6);马钱子药材中士的宁和马钱子碱的加样回收率分别为101.3％和99.42％;RSD分别为2.5％和2.2％(n=6)。士的宁和马钱子碱的最低检测限分别为0.05μg·mL~(-1)和0.06μg·mL~(-1)。结论:马钱子药材及其制剂中的其它组分与士的宁和马钱子碱可产生良好分离,本法简便、快速、准确、可靠。     

佐米曲普坦与其左旋对映体的毛细管电泳分离方法研究

目的:建立佐米曲普坦(佐米格)与其左旋对映体的毛细管电泳手性分离方法。方法:对电泳缓冲溶液的离子强度、手性选择剂的浓度、pH进行了选择。电泳条件为:石英毛细管柱内径50μm,总长80.5 cm,有效长度72.0 cm,操作电压30 kV,柱箱温度35℃,进样压力1kPa,进样时间4 s,UV-vis检测,检测波长223 nm。结果:在缓冲溶液条件为:β-环糊精30mmol·L~(-1),磷酸二氢钠20mmol·L~(-1),pH2.34时,佐米格与其对映体有较好的分离。文中讨论了实验结果。结论:本方法可进一步用于曲坦类药物的纯度鉴定。     

高效毛细管电泳测定赤土茯苓中的赤土茯苓苷

目的:建立高效毛细管电泳测定赤土茯苓中赤土茯苓苷的方法。方法:采用胶束电动毛细管电泳法。运行缓冲液为44mmol·L~(-1)硼酸-19mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-6％甲醇(pH8.22);操作电压20kV;检测波长208nm。结果:赤士茯苓在0.399～39.9μg·mL~(-1)范围内,浓度与峰面积呈良好的线形关系,r=0.9999。平均加样回收率为100.58％。测得赤土茯苓中赤土茯苓苷的含量为0. 63％。结论:本法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可用于赤土茯苓药材及制剂的含量测定及质量控制。     

离子对—HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍含量及有关物质

目的:建立离子对-HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍含量及有关物质的方法。方法:采用Inertsil C_(18)色谱柱(5μm,4.6mm×150mm);以甲醇-5mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾溶液(含有10mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基磺酸钠,用磷酸调节pH至3.5±0.05),(64:36)为流动相;流速1.0mL·min~(-1);紫外检测波长:233nm用于含量测定,218nm用于有关物质检测;柱温:室温。结果:离子对-HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍的线性范围为5～500μg·mL~(-1);相关系数r=0.999 9;日内精密度RSD=0.82％,日间精密度RSD=1.9％(n=5);双氰胺的线性范围为0.08～0.80μg·mL~(-1);相关系数r=0.9999;日内精密度RSD=0.68％,日间精密度RSD=2.3％(n=5);盐酸二甲双胍含量测定高、中、低3种浓度的回收率分别为99.24％,99.53％,99.18％;RSD分别为0.15％,0.18％,0.22％。结论:本法简便、快速、准确、专属性好。     

HPLC法测定盐酸多培沙明含量及有关物质

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸多培沙明含量及有关物质。方法:色谱柱为VP-ODS C_(18)柱(150 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),流动相为50 mmol·L~(-1)枸橼酸溶液(含50 mmol·L~(-1)枸橼酸钠)-乙腈(90:10),流速为1 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为280 nm。结果:盐酸多培沙明的线性范围为4～600μg·mL~(-1)(r=0．999 98),平均回收率为99．92％(RSD为0．26％);各杂质峰与主峰达到基线分离。结论:本方法简便、快速,结果准确,重复性好。     

左舒必利的毛细管电泳手性分离与纯度检查

目的:建立手性分离方法并检查左舒必利光学纯度。方法:通过手性拆分剂的种类及浓度、缓冲液的pH及浓度、温度及电压的优化,选择最佳的手性分离条件。结果:最佳分离条件缓冲液为100 mmol·L~(-1)磷酸盐缓冲液(用磷酸调pH4．0,内含18 mmol·L~(-1)β-环糊精硫酸钠盐);检测波长为254 nm;电压为15 kV;温度为22℃,基线分离了舒必利2个对映体。结论:建立的毛细管电泳法可用于左舒必利的质量控制和稳定性研究。     

毛细管电泳法测定元胡止痛片和元胡止痛口服液中延胡索乙素的含量

目的:建立毛细管区带电泳法测定元胡止痛片和元胡止痛口服液中延胡索乙素的含量。方法:0.2mol·L~(-1)Tris-45mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠(磷酸调pH 5.30)-40％异丙醇为缓冲液,分离电压为29 kV,检测波长200nm,50cm×50μm,末涂层石英毛细管,每次进样前分别用0.1 mol·L~(-1)的盐酸、氢氧化钠和缓冲液冲洗5 min; 进样方式:压力进样2s。操作温度:25℃。结果:延胡索乙素在0.04～1.60mg·mL~(-1)范围呈线性,RSD小于2.9％,回收率大于97％。结论:实验结果表明,该方法简便、快速、结果准确可靠,有较好的重复性。     

高效毛细管电泳法研究盐酸司来吉兰的手性分离

目的 :采用高效毛细管电泳法分离盐酸司来吉兰的对映体。方法 :对影响分离的手性选择剂、运行缓冲液等进行了系统的研究。结果 :用含 2 0mmol·L-1羟丙基 - β -环糊精 (HP - β -CD) ,5 0mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH4 7)作运行缓冲液 ,使盐酸司来吉兰对映体获得基线分离。 结论 :本法可应用于测定盐酸司来吉兰片中左旋异构体含量。     

RP-HPLC测定小儿麻甘冲剂水煎液中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的含量

目的:应用RP-HPLC检测了小儿麻甘冲剂水煎液中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱的含量.方法:样品经超声提取,色谱柱用pherisorb CN,流动相用0.001 mol·L-1二丁胺磷酸水溶液(pH3.5),检测波长214 nm.结果:麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱浓度分别在20.32～325.12 μg·ml-1和6.88～110.0 μg·ml-1范围内线性良好,回收率分别为87.5%～89.8%和88.8%～90.2%.结论:该法可适用于含麻黄制剂中麻黄碱,伪麻黄碱的含量测定.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

血管内皮生长因子的异常与子(癎)前期发病的关系

目的:研究血浆可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)浓度和胎盘组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)及其血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1,Flt-1)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sVEGFR1,sFlt-1)mRNA的表达与子前期的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测45例子前期患者和45例健康产妇血清sICAM-1的浓度,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测胎盘组织中VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的表达.结果:(1)子前期组sICAM-1水平为(218.45±29.93) μg/L,显著高于对照组的(168.84±19.39) μg/L(P < 0.01).(2)子前期患者胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于对照组(均P < 0.01).(3)血清sICAM-1浓度与胎盘组织中sFlt-1mRNA的相对表达量呈正相关(r = 0.90,P < 0.01).结论:子前期患者血清sICAM-1浓度升高,其胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量也升高.胎盘组织sFlt-1mRNA的高表达与子前期内皮损伤等有密切关系.     

Antiparasitic protozoan vaccines

Parasitic infections caused by pathogenic protozoa affect over 1 billion people worldwide and impose a substantial health and economic burden, particularly on inter-tropical less-developed countries where they are more prevalent. Despite encouraging progress in vaccine development, chemotherapy remains the single most effective, efficient and inexpensive means to control most parasitic infections [1]. However, day to day parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to drugs currently in use, such as Plasmodium towards chloroquine, lending to the start of a promising future for vaccines. Patent applications regarding vaccines for the prevention, control and diagnosis of parasitic protozoan infections are reviewed for the period December 1996 - October 2000. However, vaccines for some of the protozoan infections do not appear in the literature in the period reviewed; only, vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, pneumocystosis, eimeriosis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as well as Babesia microti infections have been found.     

Binding affinity in drug design: experimental and computational techniques

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In pharmaceutical design where future drugs are developed by targeting a specific chosen protein, the evaluation of ligand affinity is crucial. For this very purpose are a multitude of diverse methods which are continuously being improved, which, in turn, makes it difficult to choose which techniques to use in practice.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss both experimental and computational approaches for affinity evaluation. Basic principles, general limitations and advantages, as well as main areas of application in drug discovery, are overviewed for some of the most popular ligand binding assays. The authors further provide a guide to affinity predictions, collectively covering several techniques that are used in the first stages of rational drug design.

Expert opinion: All affinity estimation methods have limitations and advantages that partially overlap and complement one another. Some of the suggested best practices include cross-verification of data using at least two different techniques and careful data interpretation.