糖尿病合并忧郁症病人的护理

忧郁症是一种常见的精神病,女性发病率比男性高2-3倍.根据《精神障碍统计和诊断手册》第4版标准,其临床表现为持续2周以上情绪低落和兴趣缺失,同时伴随食欲减退或增加、失眠或嗜睡、敏感或运动迟钝、疲乏无力、无用感和负疚感、思维和注意力下降及反复出现的自杀等症状[1].周连华[2]等报道糖尿病患者中31.4%合并忧郁症,其中评分为60分及以上的重度忧郁症占14.3%,Thomas等[3]报道糖尿病人群中忧郁发生率36%,糖尿病患者易合并忧郁是肯定的,我院自2004年11月至今对住院糖尿病人200例患者用SDS量表进行忧郁症筛查,报告如下:     

牙隐裂患者发病情况的临床研究

目的 研究牙隐裂的病因和发病规律.方法 对40例患者共47颗患牙的临床表现及牙颌情况进行了研究.结果 牙隐裂多发生于中老年人的磨牙40颗(85.11%),尤其是上磨牙,35颗(74.47%),其次是前磨牙7颗(14.89%).患牙颌面多有异常磨损和高陡牙尖,颌面隐裂与发育沟吻合并延伸至边缘嵴.患牙有咬在某一特定部位疼痛或曾有硬物硌伤的病史.结论 牙齿结构的薄弱环节及创伤性颌力可能是牙隐裂发生的重要条件.     

解开"中国人起源之谜"的第三条线索

1987年三位美国遗传学家,根据对现生各大洲妇女胎盘线粒体DNA的研究,提出假说,主张各大洲的现代人都起源于大约20万年前生活在非洲的一位妇女,她的一些后人在大约13万年前走出非洲,散布到亚洲和欧洲,完全取代原来住在各该地区的人类.就中国而言,就是那些从非洲来的移民,才是现生中国人的祖先,而北京猿人的所有后代都被取代了.这个假说后来被称为"夏娃学说",一经提出在西方公众中便非常流行.[1]     

白内障,手术好还是药物好

白内障是由于各种原因如老化、遗传、局部营养障碍、免疫与代谢异常、外伤、中毒、辐射等,引起晶状体代谢紊乱,导致晶状体蛋白质变性而发生浑浊的一种老年人常见眼病,此时光线被混浊晶状体阴扰无法投射在视网膜上,就不能看清物体.     

山东省食品药品监督管理局关于对严重违法广告药品在全省范围内暂停销售的通告

近期,我局在药品广告发布情况监测中发现,部分药品广告宣传存在扩大功能主治或适应症,绝对化夸大疗效,或以专家、医生、患者的名义和形象证明疗效等违法行为,严重欺骗和误导消费者.     

别拿疫苗不当回事

早在宋朝,中国人就通过接种天花患者的脓液(即人痘)来预防天花.该方法于18世纪初期传入欧洲.英国医生金纳发现挤牛奶的女工不会得天花,因为她们感染了牛痘.于是,1796年,金纳医生首先进行了接种牛痘预防天花的研究.研究证明,只要预先接种牛痘病毒,就可以预防天花.由此开始,疫苗学与免疫学诞生了.     

生活中的辅助降压法

方法1:晒太阳降血压 《健康时报》曾经报道,北京天坛医院心内科主任杜凤和教授建议,高血压患者和高危人群应积极参加户外运动.因为在户外晒10分钟太阳,血压可下降6毫米汞柱.理由:太阳光的紫外线照射可使机体产生一种营养素——维生素D3,而维生素D3与钙相互影响又能够控制动脉血压,所以适当晒太阳能使血压下降.     

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致过敏性休克1例

患者,女,70岁,因COPD合并感染入院,体格检查,T36.8℃,P 100次/分,R 26次/分,Bp 140/85 mmHg,神清,无紫绀,桶状胸,两肺叩呈高清音,两肺呼吸音低,满布哮鸣音,两肺低细湿罗音,心率100次/分,律齐,无病理性杂音,其他未见异常.追问病史,患者反复多次使用过多种抗生素,自述有时青霉素皮试阳性,1周前使用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦2.0加入0.9%氯化钠100 ml中静滴5 d.医嘱给予头孢哌酮/舒巴坦2.0加入0.9%氯化钠100 ml中静滴,未做皮试.静滴约10 min时,患者出现心慌、胸闷,继之紫绀、呼吸微弱,心音、脉搏消失,立即给予心、肺、脑复苏.复苏成功能,患者已康复出院.     

瘦素在妊娠及其并发症中的临床意义

1994年,Zhang等[1]成功克隆和测序了小鼠和人类的肥胖基因(obese gene,Ob),确定了其编码蛋白产物为瘦素(leptin).瘦素是分子量为16 000的蛋白质类激素,主要由白色脂肪细胞产生和分泌,在脂肪组织中表达最高,在胎盘,骨骼肌,胃,乳房和脑组织均有表达.     

宫颈上皮内瘤样病变与LEEP术的探讨

近年来,由于普遍开展了宫颈细胞学检查,使许多宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)得以早期发现;而宫颈电圈环切除术(loop electrosurgical excision procedure,LEEP)是近年来治疗CIN的一种新技术,LEEP治疗简便、经济,且对患者损害小.本文介绍,经过详细采集病史,遵循细胞学、阴道镜与组织学活检三阶梯式诊断程序,对于112例CINⅠ～Ⅱ级的门诊患者行LEEP术.     

Role of the liver in the disposition of intravenous nitroglycerin in the rat

Previous studies have indicated that the liver is the main site of nitroglycerin (NTG) elimination when the drug is systematically infused. To examine this hypothesis, we measured the apparent systemic clearance (Cls) of nitroglycerin in anesthesized rats receiving a constant intravenous infusion at a dose of 100 micrograms per kg per min. Animals were divided into shunt and sham groups; the former had undergone a portal vein ligation 10 days prior to the study, while the latter was subjected to a sham operation. On the study day, half of the animals of each group also received probenecid at 200 mg/kg, i.v., a drug previously reported to inhibit organic nitrate ester reductase (ONER) activity in rat liver. Arterial NTG samples were obtained at 41, 43 and 45 min of infusion in all four experimental groups; Cls was 439 +/- 32 ml per kg per min (mean +/- S.E.) in sham, 460 +/- 44 in sham and probenecid, 477 +/- 39 in shunt, and 461 +/- 34 in shunt and probenecid animals. During NTG infusion, hepatic blood flow (measured with a constant infusion of indocyanine green) was decreased markedly in shunted rats as was liver/body weight, indicating hepatic atrophy. The specific activity of hepatic ONER was similar in all four groups. In spite of marked differences in hepatic blood flow and hepatic mass, the Cls was similar in all four groups. The liver does not appear to be a major site for the elimination of systemic nitroglycerin as hitherto assumed.     

半导体激光治疗老年人压疮疗效观察

目的探讨半导体激光局部照射治疗老年人压疮疗效.方法:收集2012年1月-2015年6月48例压疮患者,分为半导体组和常规组各24例.常规组采用常规治疗,半导体组采用半导体激光加常规治疗,10 d为1个疗程,不超过3个疗程.疗程结束后比较两组疗效.结果:半导体组压疮愈显率为83.33％,创面愈合时间为(12.75±5.51)d,常规组分别为54.17％和(19.63±8.65)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组均未见不良反应.结论:半导体激光加常规治疗压疮效果肯定,无明显不良反应,且操作简便.     

Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

The effect of nifedipine monotherapy, retard tablets, 20 mg bid, was evaluated in 23 hypertensive patients, mean age, 79 +/- 2 years. Twenty-one patients completed an eight-week study. Blood pressure (BP) decreased to 160/90 mm Hg in 15 patients; in four additional patients diastolic BP dropped by 15% to 28%. In a subset of five patients with isolated systolic hypertension, a significant reduction in systolic BP was noted. Side effects were relatively mild and only two patients discontinued the study. The results suggest that nifedipine monotherapy offers an alternative, logic, therapeutic approach to hypertension in the elderly.     

HACCP在学校集体食堂卫生管理中的应用研究

目的 通过HACCP在学校集体食堂管理中的应用,提高食品卫生水平,保障学生的身体健康。方法 HACCP原则。结果 食品卫生达到较高水平,极大地减少了食物中毒的发生。结论 提示HACCP原则可在学校集体食堂的卫生管理中发挥有效作用。     

The role of the gut flora in the reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat

Sulphinpyrazone underwent both reduction to a sulphide and oxidation to a sulphone after parenteral administration to normal Wistar rats. Oral administration was associated with a bioavailability of about 75% and with a 3-fold greater formation of the sulphide. However, no sulphide was detected in the plasma after oral administration of sulphinpyrazone to germ-free (BD/X) rats or normal rats treated with oral antibiotics. In vitro studies showed that the major site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone was the contents of the hind gut with little activity detected in the liver or other tissues. The sulphide was oxidised in vivo to sulphinpyrazone and small amounts of sulphone, while the latter underwent only slight reduction to sulphinpyrazone, but did not give detectable levels of the sulphide. These data suggest that the gut microflora are the main site of reduction of sulphinpyrazone in the rat in vivo.     

Problems in the evaluation of hypnosis in the treatment of alcoholism

Although hypnotherapy has been applied to alcoholism for over a century and is accepted by the AMA as a medically valid technique, the effectiveness of hypnosis in treating alcoholics remains controversial. Systematic evaluation has been hampered by the unique role of hypnosis as a cultural artifact, by problems in defining and verifying hypnotic intervention, by individual and situational variation in hypnotizability, and by difficulty in separating hypnosis from the therapies to which it is applied. Clinicians using hypnosis are likely to continue to base their claims for its effectiveness on intuition, especially since no study has demonstrated that hypnotherapy is contraindicated for patients requesting its use.     

Pharmacological analysis of the participation of the catecholaminergic system in the development of the abstinence syndrome in rats

The behavioural activity of rats in "the open field" was studied. It was revealed that rats alcoholized for 8 months do not practically differ in their behavioural indicators from the intact ones. After the discontinuation of alcohol marked disturbances appear in their behaviour, that are arrested by apomorphine (0,1 mg/kg). In intact animals dopamine (50 mkg into the brain ventricles) induces behavioural disorders similar to those in rats during abstinence. Noradrenaline does not induce similar disorders. A conclusion is made on the dopaminergic nature of disorders in the behaviour of rats in the state of alcohol abstinence.