大剂量益母草对大鼠肝、肾的亚急性毒性作用

目的：考察大剂量益母草对大鼠肝、肾的亚急性毒性影响。方法：取益母草煎液,以60g·kg^-1·d^-1剂量灌胃给予大鼠,每日1次,连续给药15d,停药后继续观察15d。实验第15天、第30天时取大鼠血和肝、肾组织标本,分剐检测相关肝、肾功能指标,并观察肝、肾形态组织学变化。结果：给药15d后,大鼠血清谷氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平,N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）活性,及尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）和尿蛋白（Upro）水平均明显升高,与空白对照组相比差异有统计学意义,肝、肾组织可见轻度病理改变。停药15d后,给药组大鼠尿蛋白水平未见降低,其余各项指标水平均降低,肝、肾组织病理改变减轻。结论：大剂量益母草对大鼠肝、肾有毒性作用,其毒性影响在短期内不完全可逆。     

3种雷公藤制剂对大鼠急性毒性损伤的比较

目的观察并比较临床常用3种雷公藤制剂对大鼠的急性毒性。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、雷公藤片组、雷公藤多苷片组、昆明山海棠片组,各组分别灌胃给予相应的人日用量60倍药物,观察一般症状,检测血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、血清尿素氮（BUN）值,肉眼观察心、肝、脾、肺及肾的组织形态并计算脏器指数。对肝肾进行HE染色,观察并比较各组的病理损伤程度。结果与对照组相比,雷公藤片组、雷公藤多苷片组AST值显著升高（P〈0．05）,雷公藤多苷片组ALT值显著升高（P〈0．05）,各给药组AST／ALT、BUN变化均不显著（P〉0．05）;各给药组肝、肾组织均出现一定程度病理损伤,其中肾组织损伤更严重,给药组间比较,昆明山海棠片肝肾损伤轻于另外两组。结论3种雷公藤制剂一次性大剂量给予大鼠均出现不同程度的急性中毒症状,造成肝肾损害,雷公藤片及雷公藤多苷片的急性毒性损伤较昆明山海棠片严重,而前两者之间的急性毒性无显著性差异。     

洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀对大鼠肝肾毒性的比较研究CSCD

目的观察洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀连续给药1个月对大鼠肝肾的毒性作用,为临床用药安全性提供数据支持。方法SD大鼠分别灌胃给予洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀(68.5和205.5 mg/kg·bw),给药1次/d,28 d后测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肌酐(CRE)和尿氮(BUN)。取肝和肾,甲醛固定,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色,光学显微镜观察肝和肾组织的病理结构变化。结果辛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀的主要毒性反应剂量在205.5 mg/kg·bw,给药后大鼠出现了脱毛、腹泻等表现,血液生化检查显示ALP、ALT和AST明显升高。病理结果表明,辛伐他汀高剂量组、阿托伐他汀高剂量组和阿托伐他汀低剂量组对大鼠肝均有一定程度的毒性损伤作用。结论阿托伐他汀和辛伐他汀高剂量组可引起大鼠肝组织的病理损伤,ALP、ALT和AST明显升高;洛伐他汀高剂量组对大鼠肝肾毒性作用不明显。根据肝病理毒性由弱到强排序为:洛伐他汀高剂量<辛伐他汀高剂量组<阿托伐他汀低剂量组<阿托伐他汀高剂量组。     

益母草氯仿提取物对大鼠的肝肾毒性评价

目的考察益母草(HL)氯仿提取物对大鼠肝、肾的毒性影响。方法HL氯仿提取物按60g·kg-1·d-1剂量给大鼠连续灌胃15d,再停药观察15d,分别于给药第15、30天留取大鼠的尿、血和肝、肾组织标本,检测相关肝、肾功能指标,观察肝、肾形态组织学变化;同时设HL给药组作比较。结果HL氯仿提取物连续用药15d,血清丙氨酸转氨酸、天冬氨酸转氨酸、尿素氮、肌酐和尿蛋白、尿N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶指标水平明显升高,肝、肾组织可见肿胀、少量炎细胞浸润等病理损伤。停药后肝肾功能指标中除尿蛋白水平未见降低外,其余指标水平均降低,组织中细胞肿胀程度减轻。HL氯仿提取物对大鼠所致的肝肾损伤程度略强于HL。结论HL氯仿提取物具有明显的肝肾毒性,除对尿蛋白的影响在短期内不可逆外,对其余检测指标的影响均有一定可逆性。     

益精灵口服液大鼠长期毒性实验研究

目的考察益精灵口服液长期给药对大鼠的影响,为临床安全用药提供科学依据。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组及益精灵口服液低[0.5 mL/（kg·d）]、中[2.5 mL/（kg·d）]、高[5mL/（k·d）]剂量组,分别相当于临床患者每日用量的1,5,10倍,30 d后每组随机处死雌雄大鼠各5只,取尾静脉血进行血常规检查,包括测定血红蛋白（Hb）、白细胞计数（WBC）、红细胞计数（RBC）;血液生化指标检查,包括天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBil）;取大鼠心、肝、肾、肺作组织病理学检查。结果连续给药30 d后,各剂量组动物的体重、血液生化指标、血常规未发生变化。各剂量组动物的心、肝、肾、肺均未见有明显的病理改变。结论益精灵口服液临床用药较安全。     

自乳化给药系统对雷公藤甲素的减毒作用研究

目的 考察自乳化给药系统对雷公藤甲素的肝肾毒性影响。方法 构建荷人胃癌细胞株MGC80-3的裸鼠肿瘤模型,分为模型对照组、雷公藤甲素原料药组和雷公藤甲素自微乳组,灌胃给药,每2天1次,连续23 d,末次给药24 h后,各组裸鼠采血收集血清,检测各裸鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、尿素、肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白及血尿酸;动物死亡后称重,解剖取肝、肾,观察形态,计算肝、肾指数;取各组裸鼠肝、肾组织病理切片,HE染色后,在生物显微镜下观察各组织形态学变化。结果 雷公藤甲素自微乳组与雷公藤甲素原料药组相比,给药后裸鼠血清AST和ALT极显著下降（P<0.01）;总蛋白显著升高（P<0.05）,白、球蛋白比值极显著升高（P<0.01）;血肌酐有下降趋势,但无统计学意义;尿素显著下降（P<0.05）;尿酸极显著下降（P<0.01）。雷公藤甲素自微乳组肝细胞轻微肿胀,少见炎细胞灶状浸润;雷公藤甲素原料药组肝组织出现脂肪变形,肝细胞细胞核增大,碎片状坏死,中重度纤维化。2组动物的肾脏组织均无明显病理特征。结论 雷公藤甲素自微乳的肝肾毒性明显小于雷公藤甲素原料药。     

益母草总生物碱对小鼠肝、肾的亚急性毒性作用

目的:研究益母草总生物碱提取物(AE)对小鼠肝、肾的亚急性毒性作用。方法:采用毛细管区带电泳法测定AE中水苏碱的含量,小鼠灌胃给予AE(0.615,1.23g.kg-1.d-1),连续给药15d,取血和肝、肾组织标本,测定小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性和尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)的水平,观察肝、肾组织病理学变化。结果:AE中水苏碱的含量为21.25%。AE高剂量给药组小鼠血清AST明显增高,其余各肝、肾功能指标无明显改变,低剂量给药组小鼠各指标无明显异常。给药组小鼠肝、肾组织均未见明显病理改变。结论:采用毛细管电泳法测定AE中水苏碱含量的方法简便,结果准确;AE灌胃给予小鼠未表现明显的肝、肾毒性,仅高剂量时可影响小鼠肝功能。     

番茄红素对雷公藤多苷致小鼠肝损害的保护作用

目的：建立雷公藤多苷肝损伤模型,研究番茄红素对雷公藤多苷致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法：昆明种小鼠40只,随机分为空白组、模型组、番茄红素高剂量组（20mg/kg）、番茄红素低剂量组（10mg/kg）,各组预防性给药（或色拉油）6d后除空白组以外,用20倍常规剂量（270mg/kg）雷公藤多苷建立小鼠肝损伤模型,观察番茄红素对小鼠血清转氨酶（ALT、AST）、肝组织氧化指标及肝脏病理学的影响。结果：雷公藤多苷可使小鼠血清ALT、AST,肝体指数明显增高（P〈0.05）;与模型组比较,番茄红素各剂量组血清AST、ALT含量明显降低（P〈0.05）,小鼠肝组织SOD活性明显升高,降低MDA含量（P〈0.01）;肝组织的病理改变明显减轻（P〈0.05）。结论：番茄红素对雷公藤多苷致肝损伤具有良好的保护作用。     

经皮反复给予玉红膏对大鼠器官毒性的研究

目的观察经皮反复给予玉红膏对大鼠肝、肾功能及心、脑、肝、肾、脾等主要脏器组织形态学的影响,为临床安全用药提供实验数据。方法 SPF级SD大鼠100只,体重200 g,雌雄各半。用抽签法随机分为基质对照组、1倍浓度玉红膏组（轻粉含量0.4%）、2倍浓度玉红膏组（轻粉含量0.8%）、4倍浓度玉红膏组（轻粉含量1.6%）和1.6%轻粉组,每组20只。制备大鼠皮肤破损模型,经破损皮肤涂抹不同浓度玉红膏,1次/d,连续28 d。分别于给药前、给药14、28 d和停药28 d测定各组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）和N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）水平;给药28 d和停药28 d时每组各处死10只大鼠,取心、脑、肝、肾、脾等脏器称重,计算脏器系数,并取肝、肾、脾组织观察形态学改变。结果不同浓度玉红膏组和1.6%轻粉组大鼠ALT、AST、BUN、Cr和NAG水平与同期基质对照组比较差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）;停药28 d时,1.6%轻粉组大鼠血清Cr含量高于基质对照组（P〈0.05）。给药28 d与停药28d时,2和4倍浓度玉红膏组、1.6%轻粉组大鼠的肾脏系数均明显高于基质对照组（均P〈0.05）。各组大鼠心、脑、肝、脾脏器系数的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。给药28 d时各组大鼠肝、肾、脾组织均无明显形态学改变。结论经皮反复给予玉红膏未发现大鼠出现明显的器官毒性反应,高浓度的玉红膏可能导致大鼠发生可逆转的肾损伤。提示临床长期大量应用玉红膏应监测患者的肾功能。     

柴胡总皂苷粗提取物对大鼠肝毒性损伤作用研究

目的观察长期、大量给予柴胡总皂苷粗提取物致大鼠肝毒性损伤的作用和程度。方法按45天毒性实验方法,除观察一般状况、肝毒性相关指标外,检测血和肝组织内脂质代谢情况、糖代谢、胆红素（TBIL）水平和肝组织病理检查。结果柴胡总皂苷粗提取物可导致血中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性增高,肝脏重量和肝体比值增大,血和肝内甘油三酯（TG）含量增加,对血中胆固醇（CHO）和肝内糖原（Gn）影响不明显,仅高剂量组对TBIL有影响;上述变化随剂量的增加而逐渐加重,病理组织学检查可见肝细胞损伤,与蒸馏水对照组相比有明显差异。结论长期给柴胡总皂苷粗提取物可致大鼠明显的肝毒性损伤,既可致肝功能指标的改变,又可致肝细胞器质性病变。     

Comparison of the effect of vanadium and deferoxamine on acetaminophen toxicity in rats

Aim:

Acetaminophen (APAP) can change to toxic metabolites at high dose; if these metabolites are in high amounts, the body will be unable to neutralize them, and several tissues including liver will be damaged. In the present study, the effect of vanadium was compared with deferoxamine on hepatotoxicity and also kidney function during APAP administration in rats.

Material and Methods:

The study was done in 5 groups (5 rats in each group): group I to V, respectively, received normal saline, APAP, APAP + deferoxamine, APAP + vanadium, and vanadium. At the end of the study, blood was collected and serum was separated for laboratory tests. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, and potassium were determined. The liver of the rats were separated for tissue processing and light microscopic examination.

Results:

APAP significantly increased; ALT level and deferoxamine and vanadium prevented its elevation. Also, deferoxamine and vanadium prevented increase of AST by APAP. The change of factors, which are related to the kidney function, i.e., BUN, creatinine, sodium, and potassium were not considerable.

Conclusion:

Thus, it was observed that vanadium had better effect than deferoxamine in the prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP.     

Comparative evaluation of the protective effect of selenium and garlic against liver and kidney damage induced by mercury chloride in the rats

The present study was designed to compare the protective effect of selenium and garlic against liver and kidney damage induced by (ip) injection of 0.5 mg/kg mercury chloride (HgCl(2)) in rats. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present experiment and divided into six groups: one group was orally given (1 ml) saline and served as a control group; two groups of rats were given either selenium (0.1 mg/kg) or garlic (63 mg/kg) alone, once daily an oral dose for 30 successive days; other two groups of rats were given either selenium or garlic alone, once daily a dose for 15 successive days prior to HgCl(2) injection and on the next 15 successive days simultaneously with HgCl(2) injection; and the last group of rats was injected ip with HgCl(2) for 15 days and at the end of the experiment (which lasted 30 days), blood samples for the biochemical analysis were obtained from all rats after being lightly anesthetized with ether, and specimens of kidney and liver were removed and prepared for histochemical study. Computer image analysis was applied to liver and kidney tissues to evaluate the DNA density and DNA ploidy pattern in different groups. The results revealed that the rats injected with HgCl(2) showed a significant increase in levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 29.3%, 62.5%, 29.46% and 30.61%, respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed a significant decrease by 22.6% as compared with saline control group. Rats that were given selenium in combination with the HgCl(2) injection showed a significant decrease in BUN, Serum creatinine, ALT and AST levels, while ALP was significantly increased as compared with HgCl(2) group. Also rats that were given garlic in combination with HgCl(2) injection showed a significant decrease in BUN, Serum creatinine, ALT and AST levels, although serum ALP level showed an increase as compared to HgCl(2) group. Rats that had been orally administered selenium or garlic alone did not show any significant changes in the serum level of BUN, Serum creatinine, ALT and AST but there was a significant decrease in ALP level as compared with saline control group. The cytometric results revealed that injection of HgCl(2) induced an increase in the DNA density in kidney tissues with an increase in aneuploid cells and decrease in diploid cells. However, DNA density decreased in liver tissues with mild decrease in diploid cells and little percentage of aneuploid cells. We can conclude that oral administration of either selenium or garlic produces a significant protection against liver and kidney damage induced by the HgCl(2) injection, but garlic appears to be more protective.     

番石榴叶总黄酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的影响

目的 探讨番石榴叶总黄酮（TFPGL）对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的保护作用及机制探讨。方法 雄性SD大 鼠24只,按随机数字表法分成对照组、糖尿病组、TFPGL治疗组,每组8只,后2组大鼠采用单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 （55 mg/kg）诱导糖尿病模型,TFPGL治疗组加用200 mg/kg TFPGL灌胃。12周后收集血、尿及肾组织,检测血糖（BS）、 血尿素氮（BUN）、尿蛋白/尿肌酐比值（ACR）及血清肌酐（SCr）的变化,HE染色检测肾脏病理改变,免疫荧光、免疫组 织化学染色及Western blot检测肾脏核因子NF-E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）表达。结果 与对照 组相比,糖尿病组BS、BUN、ACR及SCr明显升高,Nrf2表达增加,HO-1表达下降（均P＜0.05）;而给予TFPGL治疗 后,BS、BUN、ACR及SCr较糖尿病组明显降低,Nrf2、HO-1表达明显增加（均P＜0.05）。结论 TFPGL对糖尿病大鼠 肾脏病变具有一定的治疗效果,其机制可能与降低血糖和激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。     

番茄红素对急性肝损伤模型大鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨番茄红素对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将Wistar大鼠分为正常组(蒸馏水)、模型组(蒸馏水)及番茄红素低、高剂量组(10、20mg.kg-1),各组预防性给药(或蒸馏水)7d后除正常组外以CCl4制备急性肝损伤大鼠模型,24h后测定大鼠血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性及肝脏指数,以及血清及肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)活性,并且取肝组织进行病理学检测评分。结果:番茄红素能明显降低模型大鼠血清中AST、ALT活性及肝脏指数(P<0.05),降低血清和肝组织匀浆中MDA活性(P<0.05),升高SOD活性(P<0.05),减轻肝组织变性、坏死程度,缓解肝组织的病理改变。结论:番茄红素对CCl4所致的大鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

不同方法建立高尿酸合并非酒精性脂肪肝模型的对比研究

目的 利用改良的高酵母高脂饲料喂养联合氧嗪酸钾灌胃或氧嗪酸钾皮下注射,建立高尿酸血症合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠模型。方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组）、高脂饲料对照组（B组）、高酵母高脂饲料+氧嗪酸钾灌胃组（C组）、高酵母高脂饲料+氧嗪酸钾皮下注射组（D组）,每组12只,造模12周,观察各组大鼠一般状况、体质量、肝湿重及血清尿酸（UA）等生化指标,并分析肝脏病理变化。结果 C、D组肝湿重明显高于A组;C组肝湿重与B组比较,差异无统计学意义;D组肝湿重明显低于B组。C、D组血清UA、CHO、TG、ALT和AST水平均明显高于A组,血清BUN与A、B组比较,差异无统计学意义;C、D组血清CREA水平明显高于A组,但与B组比较,差异无统计学意义。C、D组肝组织脂肪变性及炎性反应较A组增多。各组大鼠肾组织均无明显病变。结论 利用高酵母高脂饲料喂养联合氧嗪酸钾灌胃或氧嗪酸钾皮下注射,成功了建立高尿酸血症合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠模型,与人类发病特征相似,且无明显的肾脏损害,可作为高尿酸血症合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病的的动物模型。     

Histopathologic changes in liver and renal tissues induced by Ochratoxin A and melatonin in rats

Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by Ochratoxin A (OTA) and ameliorating effects of melatonin were investigated in rats exposed to OTA. Experimental groups were as follows: control; OTA-treated; and OTA plus melatonin (MEL)-treated (OTA+MEL). The rats in the control group were administered with only a daily oral administration of 0.5 M NaHCO3. OTA was administered with a dose of 289 microg/kg in the same way. OTA and MEL were administered orally with OTA (289 microg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) in two different periods of time during the same day. The histopathologic changes in the liver and kidney tissues of control, OTA and OTA+MEL-treated rats were examined. There were no significant changes in the kidney and liver tissues of the control rats. Significant histopathologic changes were found in the kidney and liver tissue of rats treated with OTA. These were granular or vacuolated degeneration and necrosis of the liver cells, sinusoidal and central vein dilatation, bile duct proliferation, enlargement of periportal areas with mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltration and mild degree fibrous tissue proliferation, tubular epithelial cells degeneration, necrosis, proliferation and karyomegaly in the epithelial cells nuclei and peritubular and periglomerular lymphocyte infiltration, stromal fibrous tissue proliferation, hyperemic vessels. The severity of the lesions was significantly reduced by administration of melatonin. These results revealed that OTA induced significant histopathologic changes in liver and kidney tissue advocating OTA toxicity (P < 0.001), and administration of MEL+OTA significantly reduced the toxic effect of OTA on kidney and liver tissue of rats (P > 0.05).     

Ginkgo biloba extract protects against mercury(II)-induced oxidative tissue damage in rats.

Mercury(II) is a highly toxic metal which induces oxidative stress in the body. In this study we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of Ginkgo biloba (EGb), an antioxidant agent, against experimental mercury toxicity in rat model. Following a single dose of 5mg/kg mercuric chloride (HgCl(2); Hg group) either saline or EGb (150mg/kg) was administered for 5days. After decapitation of the rats trunk blood was obtained and the tissue samples from the brain, lung, liver, and kidney were taken for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and collagen contents. Formation of reactive oxygen species in the tissue samples was monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) technique. BUN, creatinin, ALT, and AST levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assayed in serum samples. The results revealed that HgCl(2) induced oxidative damage caused significant decrease in GSH level, significant increase in MDA level, MPO activity and collagen content of the tissues. Treatment of rats with EGb significantly increased the GSH level and decreased the MDA level, MPO activity, and collagen contents. Similarly, serum ALT, AST and BUN levels, as well as LDH and TNF-alpha, were elevated in the Hg group as compared to control group. On the other hand, EGb treatment reversed all these biochemical indices. Our results implicate that mercury-induced oxidative damage in brain, lung, liver, and kidney tissues protected by G. biloba extract, with its antioxidant effects.     

Protective effects of Pycnogenol on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Oxidative damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver injuries. In the present study the ability of Pycnogenol (PYC) as an antioxidant to protect against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Four experimental groups of six rats each were constructed: a vehicle control group received the respective vehicles (distilled water and corn oil) only; a CCl4 group received a 14-day repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of distilled water and then a single oral dose of CCl4 at 1.25 ml/kg; and the CCl4&PYC 10 and CCl4&PYC 20 groups received a 14-day repeated i.p. dose of PYC 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, and then a single oral dose of CCl4 at 1.25 ml/kg. Hepatotoxicity was assessed 24 h after the CCl4 treatment by measurement of serum aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. The results were confirmed histopathologically. The single oral dose of CCl4 produced significantly elevated levels of serum AST and ALT activities. Histopathological examinations showed extensive liver injuries, characterized by extensive hepatocellular degeneration/necrosis, fatty changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and sinusoidal dilatation. In addition, an increased MDA concentration and decreased GSH, catalase, SOD, and GST were observed in the hepatic tissues. On the contrary, PYC treatment prior to the administration of CCl4 significantly prevented the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, including the elevation of serum AST and ALT activities and histopathological hepatic lesions, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MDA and GSH levels and catalase, SOD, and GST activities in hepatic tissues were not affected by administration of CCl4, indicating that the pretreatment of PYC efficiently protects against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. The results indicate that PYC has a protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by the administration of CCl4 in rats, and that the hepatoprotective effects of PYC may be due to both the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the increase of antioxidant activity.