高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定金沙绢毛菊中木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量

目的:建立金沙绢毛菊中木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用HPLC-DAD法,色谱柱为Zorbax-Eclipse XDB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.5%磷酸水溶液(0~9min为48∶52,流速0.7mL.min-1;9~25min为65∶35,流速0.8mL.min-1),检测波长360nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:木犀草素的回归方程为Y=4 576X+3.886 7,r=0.999 9(n=5),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的回归方程为Y=4 527.2X+1.14,r=0.999 9(n=5),木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的线性范围为0.027 2~0.272 0μg。结论:测定方法简便易行,准确可靠,结果稳定,重复性好,有助于金沙绢毛菊的质量评价。     

HPLC法测定石韦中木犀草素的含量

目的:用高效液相色谱法测定石韦中木犀草素的含量.方法:采用Shimadzu C18柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%H3PO4溶液(50:50),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长254nm,柱温室温,用外标法定量,测定石韦中木犀草素的含量.结果:木犀草素的线性范围0.032 5～0.39μg,r=0.999 9,回收率95.85%,RSD为0.27%.结论:该方法简便,快速,线性关系良好,适合作为石韦中木犀草素含量测定的方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定野菊花中木犀草素的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法测定野菊花中木犀草素含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Kromasil C18,流动相为四氢呋喃-甲醇-1.5%醋酸(27∶4∶69),流速为1.0ml/min,检测波长为353nm,柱温为30℃。结果:木犀草素进样量在0.028μg~0.56μg范围内线性关系良好(r=1.0 000),平均回收率为99.9%(RSD=2.28%)。结论:本方法操作简便,结果可靠,可用于野菊花药材的质量控制。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定蒲公英中槲皮素和木犀草素的含量

目的：建立蒲公英中槲皮素和木犀草素含量的测定方法.方法：采用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）法,色谱柱为Agilent HC-C18柱（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5μm）;柱温：30℃;流动相：甲醇-0.4％磷酸（52∶48）,流速：1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长：360 nm.结果：槲皮素和木犀草素的浓度分别在1.68～16.80 μg·ml-1（r =0.999 7）,1.52～ 15.20 μg·ml-1 （r=0.999 8）时线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为98.67％和98.46％,RSD分别为2.49％和2.89％.结论：本方法测定快速,结果准确可靠,适合同时测定蒲公英中槲皮素和木犀草素的含量.     

HPLC法同时测定妇可靖胶囊中木犀草素和芍药苷的含量

目的:建立同时测定妇可靖胶囊中木犀草素和芍药苷含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Chromatrex C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸(35∶65),检测波长为230 nm(检测芍药苷)和350 nm(检测木犀草素),流速为1.0 mL·min-1。结果:木犀草素、芍药苷的进样量分别在0.065～0.325μg(r=0.999 9)、0.05～0.25μg(r=0.999 8)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为99.78%、100.08%,RSD分别为0.31%、0.62%(n=9)。结论:本方法简便、准确,可用于妇可靖胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定降香药材中木犀草素的含量

目的:建立降香药材中木犀草素的含量测定方法.方法:用高效液相色谱法测定了木犀草素的含量,色谱柱:Zorbax eclipse XDB C18(4.6 mm×150 mm);流动相:甲醇-0.49白磷酸溶液(43∶57);流速∶1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长:353 nm.结果:平均回收率98.9%(RSD=2.0%),线性关系r=0.999 7,进样量在0.042 5～0.34 μg内线性关系良好.重复性RSD=1.6%,精密度RSD=1.5%.结论:该方法稳定、可靠,可作为其质量控制方法.     

HPLC法测定吲哚美辛巴布剂的含量

目的:建立吲哚美辛巴布剂的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,用Kromacil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水-乙酸(75∶25∶0.1)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm。结果:吲哚美辛浓度在3.2~19.2μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=8 693.2X-2 062.9,r=0.999 9(n=6),平均回收率为99.68%,RSD为1.03%。结论:HPLC法测定吲哚美辛巴布剂的含量,方法简便、准确可靠,可用于该药物的质量控制。     

黄芫花中木犀草素含量的测定

目的建立黄芫花中木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法 Diamonsil C1(85μm,200 mm×4.6mm)色谱柱,柱温30℃;流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸(55∶45);检测波长350nm;流速1mL/min。结果木犀草素在0.2555～1.2775μg,峰面积与进样量具有良好的线性关系,回归方程y=4E+06x-35194,r=0.9999,,平均回收率100.9%。结论该法简便、重复性好,可以作为控制黄芫花药材质量的方法之一。     

RP-HPLC法测定大叶紫珠中木犀草素的含量

目的建立大叶紫珠中木犀草素的含量测定方法。方法采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为Phenome-nex Prodigy ODS3,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(25∶10∶65),流速为1.0mL.mi-n1,检测波长为350nm。结果木犀草素在0～1.506μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为101.43%,RSD为2.97%。结论本方法灵敏、准确,可作为大叶紫珠的质量控制标准。     

RP-HPLC法测定不同采收期广东紫珠、大叶紫珠中木犀草素的含量

目的:测定不同采收期广东紫珠、大叶紫珠中木犀草素的含量并探讨木犀草素含量的动态变化规律。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Alltech C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温为30℃,流动相为甲醇-0.3%磷酸水(47∶53),检测波长为352nm,流速为1 mL·min-1。结果:木犀草素进样量在0.015～0.300μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9);平均加样回收率为98.52%,RSD=1.84%(n=6)。随着生育期的延长,木犀草素含量逐渐增高,生长末期含量达到最高;大叶紫珠中木犀草素的含量普遍高于广东紫珠。结论:本试验结果可为广东紫珠、大叶紫珠2种药材的半野生人工抚育及人工栽培提供科学依据。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

血管内皮生长因子的异常与子(癎)前期发病的关系

目的:研究血浆可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)浓度和胎盘组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)及其血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1,Flt-1)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sVEGFR1,sFlt-1)mRNA的表达与子前期的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测45例子前期患者和45例健康产妇血清sICAM-1的浓度,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测胎盘组织中VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的表达.结果:(1)子前期组sICAM-1水平为(218.45±29.93) μg/L,显著高于对照组的(168.84±19.39) μg/L(P < 0.01).(2)子前期患者胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于对照组(均P < 0.01).(3)血清sICAM-1浓度与胎盘组织中sFlt-1mRNA的相对表达量呈正相关(r = 0.90,P < 0.01).结论:子前期患者血清sICAM-1浓度升高,其胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量也升高.胎盘组织sFlt-1mRNA的高表达与子前期内皮损伤等有密切关系.     

Antiparasitic protozoan vaccines

Parasitic infections caused by pathogenic protozoa affect over 1 billion people worldwide and impose a substantial health and economic burden, particularly on inter-tropical less-developed countries where they are more prevalent. Despite encouraging progress in vaccine development, chemotherapy remains the single most effective, efficient and inexpensive means to control most parasitic infections [1]. However, day to day parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to drugs currently in use, such as Plasmodium towards chloroquine, lending to the start of a promising future for vaccines. Patent applications regarding vaccines for the prevention, control and diagnosis of parasitic protozoan infections are reviewed for the period December 1996 - October 2000. However, vaccines for some of the protozoan infections do not appear in the literature in the period reviewed; only, vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, pneumocystosis, eimeriosis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as well as Babesia microti infections have been found.     

Binding affinity in drug design: experimental and computational techniques

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In pharmaceutical design where future drugs are developed by targeting a specific chosen protein, the evaluation of ligand affinity is crucial. For this very purpose are a multitude of diverse methods which are continuously being improved, which, in turn, makes it difficult to choose which techniques to use in practice.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss both experimental and computational approaches for affinity evaluation. Basic principles, general limitations and advantages, as well as main areas of application in drug discovery, are overviewed for some of the most popular ligand binding assays. The authors further provide a guide to affinity predictions, collectively covering several techniques that are used in the first stages of rational drug design.

Expert opinion: All affinity estimation methods have limitations and advantages that partially overlap and complement one another. Some of the suggested best practices include cross-verification of data using at least two different techniques and careful data interpretation.