口服利福平海藻酸钠微球的制备

［摘要］目的研制口服利福平海藻酸钠微球。方法采用静电液滴法制备利福平海藻酸钠微球，测定粒径大小、包封率、载药量及其影响因素，考察微球的体外释放特点。结果微球球形圆整，分散性好，平均粒径70.2 μm，包封率83.5%，载药量17.1%，在模拟肠液中的释放呈快慢相，时间长而药物释放完全。结论以海藻酸钠、硬脂酸为材料，用静电液滴法制备利福平微球，球径小、包封率高、释药时间长，工艺简便。     

去甲斑蝥素壳聚糖微球的制备及其体外释放特性

目的:制备去甲斑蝥素壳聚糖微球,并考察其体外释放特性.方法:以液体石蜡为油相,Span-80为乳化剂,甲醛作为交联剂,采用乳化-交联法制备去甲斑蝥素壳聚糖微球.均匀设计优化制备工艺,扫描电镜观察微球表面形态,动态透析法检测微球的体外释放特性.结果:制备的微球形态圆整,粒径分布较为均匀,平均粒径(25±10)μm,载药量(15.08±2.85)%,包封率(57.80±1.35)%.微球在0.1 mol·L-1HCl、磷酸盐缓冲液(pH值5.3)和生理氯化钠溶液中的释放均遵循Higuchi方程.结论:所优化的制备工艺简单易行,载药量高,缓释作用显著.     

阿立哌唑缓释微球的制备及体外释放特性的研究

目的 制备阿立哌唑聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)缓释微球并考察其体外释放特性.方法 采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备阿立哌唑缓释微球,通过正交试验优选最佳处方与制备工艺,并考察其载药量、包封率、粒径、形态和体外释放度.结果 所得微球的载药量为20.28％ ±0.38％,包封率为81.12％±0.02％,平均粒径为19.38 μm,形态圆整,30 d的体外累积释放度达88.73％.结论 所得阿立哌唑缓释微球形态圆整,载药量与包封率较高,具较好的缓释效果.     

球晶造粒法制备硝苯地平缓释微球

目的考察硝苯地平缓释微球的制备工艺及其体外释放度。方法以邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲纤维素酯(HP55)为载体材料,采用球晶造粒技术制备硝苯地平缓释微球。考察硝苯地平微球的粒径、形态、载药量、包封率及体外释放度。结果所得微球外观圆整度好,粒径分布在70~150μm,载药量为18.91%,包封率为94.95%。结论该法可用于硝苯地平缓释微球的制备。     

星点设计-效应面法优化去甲斑蝥素壳聚糖-丝素蛋白栓塞微球的制备

目的:制备去甲斑蝥素壳聚糖-丝素蛋白栓塞微球(Norcantharidin-loaded chitosan-fibroin micro-spheres for embolization,NCTD-CS-SF-MS),考察其包封率,载药量及外观形态,并对其体外释放特性进行考察。方法:采用乳化-交联固化法制备NCTD-CS-SF-MS,其中以液体石蜡为油相,壳聚糖(chitosan CS)与丝素蛋白(silk fibroin SF)的物理混合溶液为水相,Span-80为乳化剂,戊二醛为交联剂。星点设计-效应面法优化制备工艺,扫描电镜观察微球表面形态及X-射线衍射(XRD)、差示量热扫描(DSC)表征微球特性。采用体外动态透析法测定微球在不同介质条件下的释药性能。结果:制备的微球形态圆整,大小均匀,平均粒径约(184±5)μm,载药量(15.08±2.85)%,包封率(27.46±1.25)%。微球在0.1 mol.L-1 HCl、PBS(pH=7.4)和生理盐水中的释放均遵循Weibull方程。结论:所优化的制备工艺简单易行,缓释作用显著。     

布比卡因缓释微球的制备及体外释药特性评价

目的研究布比卡因缓释微球制备方法并对其体外释药特性进行评价。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定布比卡因微球载药量、包封率;采用HPLC法测定微球体外释放;通过正交设计优选微球制备工艺;以乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物为载体,使用乳化溶剂挥发法制备布比卡因微球;用扫描电镜观察所得微球的粒径和形态;通过体外释药实验考察布比卡因乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物微球的缓释作用。结果微球载药量、包封率和体外释放的测定方法符合方法学要求;按照优选处方制备所得的微球为圆整球体,表面多孔,呈蜂窝状,粒径50~100μm之间的微球占80%;体外释放符合Ritger-Peppas方程,t1/2=242.05 h。结论乳化溶剂挥发法适用于布比卡因乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备,所制得的微球形态圆整,在体外具有明显缓释作用。     

替莫唑胺壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的:制备替莫唑胺壳聚糖缓释微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究.方法:以替莫唑胺为模型药物,采用乳化交联法制备壳聚糖微球,两步优化法优化处方和制备工艺.通过测定微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和体外释放速度对微球进行质量评价.结果:优化工艺制得的微球平均粒径为(3.9±1.6)μm,载药量为(7.1±0.5)%(n=3),包封率为(25.0±0.8)%(n=3),体外释药特性研究具有良好的缓释特性,在0～8 h符合Higuchi方程,Q=11.717 26.951t1/2(r=0.980),8～24 h符合一级释放曲线,lnQ=4.37 0.007 5t(r=0.983).结论:通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化交联法可制备出以壳聚糖为载体、替莫唑胺为模型药物的缓释微球,其体外释药具有明显的缓释作用.     

奥沙普秦壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球的制备

目的：目的：选择奥沙普秦作为模型药制备壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球。方法：采用滴制法制备奥沙普秦壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球，通过正交试验设计优化了处方和工艺，考察其理化特征及体外释药行为。结果：优化处方制得的微球包封率及载药量分别为98．36％和16．26％，平均粒径为（346．6±164．1）μm；1h药物释放达到36％，随后药物的释药行为是一个缓释过程。结论：制得了载药量较大，包封率较高的奥沙普秦壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球。     

槲皮素包合物微球的制备及其体外释放研究

目的:制备槲皮素β-环糊精包合物-壳聚糖微球(QT-CD-CM),并考察其理化性质和药物体外释放性能。方法:采用有机溶剂挥发法制备槲皮素β-环糊精包合物,再用乳化分散-离子交联法、以三聚磷酸钠为交联剂制备壳聚糖微球,并考察其形态、粒径、包封率、载药量和体外释放情况。结果:制备的QT-CD-CM形态规则、均质、无粘连,平均粒径(3.327±0.124)μm,包封率为32.4%,载药量为12.3%,在5%乙醇-磷酸盐缓冲液介质中72h可以达到完全释药,释药过程符合一级动力学模型。结论:QT-CD-CM理化性质及体外释药性能良好,制备工艺简单,有望成为理想的槲皮素给药系统。     

替莫唑胺乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备及表征

采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备替莫唑胺微球,考察了制备工艺中影响微球粒径、载药量和包封率的主要因素,筛选处方工艺.按优化工艺制得的微球形态圆整,表面光滑,平均粒径62.2μm,载药量7.5%,包封率83.5%,体外试验表明该载药微球有明显的缓释效果.     

利培酮长效注射微球的制备及体外释放的研究

目的：制备利培酮长效注射微球并考察其体外释放行为。方法：使用乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）为材料,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备利培酮微球,观察微球的形态及粒径,测定微球的载药量和包封率,考察微球的体外释放情况。结果：利培酮微球表面圆整,粒径集中在40～80μm之间。微球的包封率较高,达到80％以上,以低分子量PLGA（50：50）制备的微球,体外突释很高达到40％以上;以高分子量PLGA（75：25）制备的微球,在高载药量时突释较小,可持续释放达3周以上。结论：以高分子量PLGA制备的高载药量的利培酮微球,体外突释较小可缓释达3周以上。     

制备工艺对石杉碱甲微球体外释药机制的影响

目的考察制备工艺对石杉碱甲(Hup)乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)微球体外释药机制的影响。方法 采用两种O/O型乳化溶剂挥发法工艺(A法和B法)制备Hup微球。考察微球的体外释药曲线，结合微球在释放介质中的降解速度和溶胀速度曲线以及微球的形态和微球中药物的分布情况阐述微球的释药机制。结果采用A法制备的微球包封率为47.60%，体外无明显突释现象，可缓释35 d，符合零级动力学方程，通过扩散和降解两种机制释药。采用B法制备的微球包封率为83.50%，体外可缓释21 d，整体释药曲线符合Higuchi方程，主要以扩散机制释药。结论采用A法制备的微球具有更理想的缓释效果。     

Comparison of in vitro and in vivo release characteristics of sustained release ofloxacin microspheres

The sustained release nature of ofloxacin microspheres - to eradicate bacterial biofilm associated with chronic infections from sensitive strains of bacteria - was determined both in vitro and in vivo. Ofloxacin microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation procedure using poly(glycolic acid-co-dl-lactic acid) (PLGA) as the biodegradable polymer. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, in vitro release in an incubator, and in vivo release in the rat subcutaneous model. The microspheres were highly spherical with a very smooth surface. Approximately 45% of the drug was released from microspheres in sizes of 125-250 mum and 250-425 mum in 2 days compared with 22% from microspheres of size range 37-125 mum indicating that surface area of the microspheres did not control the kinetics of in vitro release. However, about 96% of the drug was released from the three different size ranges in 35 days. The in vitro release profile of microspheres of size range 125-250 mum is not significantly different from microspheres in sizes of 250-425 mum. The peak plasma level of ofloxacin in animals that received the drug suspension occurred within 2 hr and was higher than that of the microspheres that occurred by the end of the second day. The plasma of animals that received the free drug was depleted of ofloxacin by the end of the first day, but the drug was sustained above 0.5 mug/mL in the plasma of animals that received the microspheres for about 3 weeks. The results suggest that biodegradable ofloxacin microspheres can be prepared that release the antibiotic in vivo for about 3 weeks. This should provide a means for continuous treatment of chronic infections in which bacterial biofilm can occur.     

Preparation and in vitro characterization of gelatin microspheres containing Levodopa for nasal administration

The dissolution properties of twomodel compounds, brilliant blue and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), from poly(D,L- .lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) multiphasemicrospheres wereinvestigated. In addition, the invivo releaseof TNF-alpha from the microspheres, in mice, was studied. The microspheres were prepared by an anhydrous multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method. Multiphase microspheres containing brilliant blue exhibited athree phase release profile in vitro, and displayed a significantly lower level of dye released during the initial phase compared to conventional matrix-type microspheres. Slow release of the dye was observed during the second phase, which was followed by a disintegration of the polymer wall during the third phase of the release process. In vitro dissolution profiles of TNF-alpha were calculated by compensation for the simultaneous degradation of the protein in the dissolution medium. The initial burst release of TNF-alpha was significantly reduced with the multiphase microspheres. The three phase release profile, as seen with the dye, was not observed for the microspheres containing the TNF-alpha. The rate of release of the protein from the microspheres was determined in vivo by analysing the residual level of TNF-alpha remaining in the particles following intraperitoneal administration of the microspheres to mice. The release of the protein from the microspheres in vivo was significantly faster than predicted from the results of the in vitro studies. The absence of an initial burst release of TNF-alpha from the multiphase microspheres was reflected in a significant reduction in the plasma level of TNF-alpha when compared to the matrix-type microspheres and a solution of the protein. The controlled release property of the multiphase microspheres is expected to overcome the adverse reactions due to dose dumping that occurs following the local administration of TNF-alpha.     

盐酸噻吩诺啡缓释微球的体外释放度及其体内外相关性研究

目的 建立体内外相关性良好的盐酸噻吩诺啡缓释微球的体外释放度测定方法.方法 采用直接释药法和透析释药法测定盐酸嚷吩诺啡缓释微球的体外释放度;采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸噻吩诺啡缓释微球在大鼠注射部位的残留量,计算微球在体内的释药速度.通过相关性评价确定最佳的体外释放度测定方法.结果 透析释药法和直接释药法均可获得良好的体内外相关性.结论 直接释药法和透析释药法均可用于测定盐酸噻吩诺啡微球的体外释放度.     

重组降血压肽缓释微球的制备与体外释放

目的采用复乳溶剂蒸发法制备重组降血压肽(rAHP)缓释微球。方法以聚乳酸(PLA)为缓释材料,利用正交设计优化微球制备的最佳工艺条件,并考察了微球的体外释药特性。结果微球制备的最优工艺为:油相中PLA的浓度为7.5%、初乳搅拌速度为900 r/min、内水相与油相体积比为1∶10,外水相聚乙烯醇124浓度为5%;按此工艺制备的微球粒径跨度小、分布均匀,包封率为81.35%,载药量在10.92%,微球得率在80.26%,微球的平均粒径分布范围在75～80μm之间;载药微球在磷酸盐缓冲液中0.5 h内的累积释药量为17.5%,第15天累积释药率达到98.6%。结论该微球制备工艺成熟,包封率高,符合我国药典对缓释制剂的指导原则要求。     

尼群地平缓释微球的制备及其体内外相关性的研究

目的制备具有固体分散体结构的尼群地平缓释微球 ,并筛选具有良好体内外相关性的释放介质。方法采用球晶造粒法制备尼群地平缓释微球 ,考察微球的粒径、载药量、包封率及释放行为 ,并根据 6只试验犬体内药物动力学试验结果 ,将不同时间的吸收分数与不同释放介质的相应时间点的体外累积释放百分数作线性回归 ,筛选具有良好体内外相关性的释放介质。结果制备的微球的粒径随搅拌速度的增加而减少 ,包封率均在 96 80 %以上 ,药物从微球中的释放速度随处方中固体分散体载体量的增加而增加 ,随阻滞剂量的增加而减小。以 1 7 4mmol L十二烷基硫酸钠为释放介质时 ,体外累积释放百分数与体内吸收分数相关系数较好 (r =0 985 1 ) ,方程为Fa =1 64 5 8ft-2 7 64 2。结论该方法较适用于难溶性药物制备缓释微球。以 1 7 4mmol L十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液为释放介质可作为控制微球内在质量的标准     

大蒜素微球体外释放研究

目的:研究聚乳酸大蒜素微球释放规律.方法:采用动态透析技术研究聚乳酸大蒜素微球的体外释药性能,并用高效液相色谱法测定大蒜素含量,以累计释药百分率进行不同模型的拟合.结果:聚乳酸大蒜素微球的释放曲线符合双相动力学方程.结论:聚乳酸大蒜素微球具有良好的缓释作用.     

多西紫杉醇微球的质量评价

目的:考察多西紫杉醇微球的质量。方法:应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,测定多西紫杉醇微球载药量、包封率,并进行体外释放特性的研究,考察其形态和粒度分布。结果:在设定的色谱条件下,多西紫杉醇与辅料及溶剂峰分离良好,在1~40mg/L浓度范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9998,n=5);微球呈球形,圆整、表面光滑,平均粒径26.9μm,包封率81.56%,载药量16.32%;体外释放试验表明,其制剂96h体外累积释药百分率为64.44%。结论:该法分析多西紫杉醇微球质量,方法可靠;其微球粒度分布窄,包封率高、缓释作用明显。