流式细胞仪实验教学模式改革与实践

基于科研的实验教学模式,以自主设计性实验教学和开放实验室教学为形式,将最新的科研手段、科学思维方式、创新意识融入到开放实验室教学和自主设计性实验教学的各个教学环节之中。实践证明,这种教学模式是培养实验技能、创新能力和科研素质全面协调发展的创新型药学人才的有效途径。     

拓展国际视野培养创新人才 ——基于中国药科大学"国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目"调查与分析

“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”是高校推进研究生培养国际化的重要途径。以中国药科大学为例,通过实践总结、问卷调查、数据分析等,介绍药学类研究生国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目的实施现状,指出项目实施过程中存在的问题,提出针对性的对策建议,为药学类研究生国际化培养提供参考。     

对药学类高校设置食品质量与安全专业的一些思考

食品质量与安全专业是目前我国高校的一个热门专业,但各校办学特色尚在探索之中。本文分析了药学类高校开办食品质量与安全专业的必要性和可行性,并从比较和分析中找出药学类高校设置食品质量与安全专业先天的优势与不足,提出了对人才培养特色定位的一些看法和体现专业特色的主要课程设置。     

对药学类高校设置食品质量与安全专业的一些思考

食品质量与安全专业是目前我国高校的一个热门专业，但各校办学特色尚在探索之中。本文分析了药学类高校开办食品质量与安全专业的必要性和可行性，并从比较和分析中找出药学类高校设置食品质量与安全专业先天的优势与不足，提出了对人才培养特色定位的一些看法和体现专业特色的主要课程设置。     

药学类研究生计算思维课程设置

调研国内外高等院校药学类专业研究生计算思维的课程设置,总结药学类研究生计算机教学的特点与面临问题。针对药学类研究生计算机教学中遇到的问题,提出从课程内容、教学方法和教学环节等方面改革的思路和建设性意见。     

药学无机化学教学中PBL教学模式选择性应用研究

无机化学是医药类高校药学专业学生第一门专业基础必修课程,PBL是以问题为导向的教学方法。本文结合笔者自身教学实践和本校学生的实际情况,将PBL教学模式选择性运用于药学无机化学教学过程中,加强了学生对相关理论知识的学习、理解和应用。实践证明PBL教学模式能激发学生学习兴趣,增强学生学习主动性,提高教学质量。     

药学类“双一流”建设高校药理学与毒理学学科进步度文献计量学分析

目的比较研究药学类(药学、中药学)“双一流”建设高校药理学与毒理学学科竞争力和发展水平,系统总结分析各高校发展特色和不足,以期为药学类世界一流学科建设提供决策参考。方法以入选药学和中药学“双一流”建设的13所高校为研究对象,运用InCite数据库中各项文献计量指标从学科生产力、学科影响力和学科发展力3个方面综合比较各高校的学科发展(2011产力、学科年)进步度。结果13所高校药理学与毒理学学科总体呈增长趋势,其中中医药高校的学科生产力提高明显,中国药科大学的科研实力和影响力整体提升较大,中山大学和北京大学在科研发展力上表现突出。与此同时,13所高校在学科研究广度、深度、学科引领作用等方面与距离世界一流学科仍存在一定差距。结论在当前“破五唯”、论文“SCI至上”的背景下,学科发展要回归学术本质,要逐步探索实现从“指标一流”向“内涵一流”转变,加强学科间的交叉融合,服务国家战略和行业区域发展需求。     

药学类院校研究生管理模式探讨

"十二五"规划以来,研究生教育在中国特色的道路上迅猛发展,这使得药学类院校现有的研究生管理模式受到冲击。分析药学类院校研究生管理工作存在的问题,探讨药学类研究生管理模式的新思路,为药学类院校提高研究生管理水平提供参考。     

重庆市高校医院药学工作开展现状的调查分析

目的:为提高高校医院药学服务水平提供参考。方法:对重庆市25所高校医院的145名药学工作人员发放调查问卷,同时进行实地调研,总结其药学工作中存在的问题并分析其原因。结果:共发放问卷200份,收回有效问卷145份,有效回收率为70.2%。经统计,重庆市高校医院药学工作人员在职称结构方面存在初级职称人员过剩、高级职称人员断层的现象,药学人员普遍缺乏培训;高校医院药学工作开展内容单调,仅有24.0%的受访医院开展了处方点评工作,32.0%的受访医院对抗菌药物的使用进行了规范管理,而药学信息服务几乎为零。结论:重庆市高校医院药学工作开展情况总体不乐观,今后应对高校医院药学工作人员结构和工作内容进行合理调整,健全药品采购制度,提高药学工作人员自身的医疗知识水平,为患者提供高质量的药学服务。     

关于高校医院开展药学服务工作的探讨

目的呼吁高校医院积极开展药学服务工作。方法借鉴社会医院开展药学服务的经验和方法,结合高校医院药学服务的现状,探索高校医院开展药学服务工作的可行性措施和办法。结果高校医院开展药学服务工作的可行性措施和办法有多种。结论高校医院开展药学服务工作是必要的、迫切的,但需领导重视并结合高校医院自身特点,创造条件,有选择地逐步开展。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.