超低温贮藏对半夏种子寿命的影响

半夏种子采收后在常温条件贮藏，生活力丧失较快，在液氮中贮藏的种子发芽率基本保持不变， 适宜的贮藏方法是先经过低温(一30。℃)预冷，再放入液氮中贮藏。     

药用植物种子气体贮藏抗劣变效应的研究

本文通过不同气体成分对药用植物种子发芽率影响的动态规律研究，筛选能延缓种子劣变的适宜 气体成分。实验结果表明:1)气体成分对药用植物种子发芽率的影响皆因种子类型、贮藏温度和种子含水量的不 同而有所差异。2)常温下贮藏自然干燥的种子，用氮气替代空气有利于种子的保存，不过氮气对少数种类的种子 发芽力的伤害作用，受种子本身的遗传性所决定。3)较高温度下贮藏含水量较高的种子时，空气替代真空更能延 缓种子劣变。4)真空贮藏可能适合少数药用植物种子。因此，种子库保存种子应采用低温、干燥、密封的贮藏技 术．     

花生全苗增产技术研究 Ⅱ.花生种子贮藏生理和技术研究

前文报道,秋植花生种子比春植花生种子具有较强的生活力,用秋植花生种子播种可提高出苗率。为要了解春植花生种子在贮藏期间生活力衰退的原因,我们在1962—1967年间用“狮选64”品种春植花生种子进行贮藏生理和技术的研究,结果如下。 1.荚果不同晒干程度贮藏试验的结果表明,入贮前及贮藏期间的种子含水量在6％以下的种子,在室温下贮藏202天(至翌年春播前)仍能保持较高的生活力,种子含游离脂肪酸较少,发芽率高达100％,出苗率达90—96％,发病率较低。含水量在6％以上,种子迅速变质,游离脂肪酸含量升高而发芽率和出苗率下降;发病率亦增加;种子含水量愈高,则游离脂肪酸含量和发病率愈高而发芽率和出苗率愈低。 2.种子在不同相对湿度中贮藏的试验结果表明,充分干燥(含水量在6％以下)的种子在50—60％以下的相对湿度中贮藏194—206天(至翌年春播前),仍能保持其生活力,种子含水量在6％以下,游离脂肪酸含量和发病率较低而出苗率较高(88—93％),幼苗生势健壮。贮藏环境中的相对湿度在60％以上,则种子含水量亦增加至6％以上,游离脂肪酸含量和发病率均增高而出苗率则下降。 3.几种不同贮藏方法的比较试验结果表明,用缸藏加生石灰并用泥封口的方法最好,用此法贮藏的种子在翌年春播时大田出苗率达84.8—96.3％。其次     

不同处理方法对威灵仙种子萌发的影响

目的:以野生威灵仙种子为研究对象,寻找适于威灵仙种子萌发的条件.方法:考察不同试剂和贮藏条件对威灵仙种子发芽率和发芽势的影响.结果:低温贮藏下种子的发芽率和发芽势都显著高于室温贮藏;赤霉素、硝酸钾、多菌灵、萘乙酸处理后,种子发芽率较对照均有提高;浓硫酸处理组没有发芽.结论:低温贮藏条件下的种子经赤霉素处理后发芽时间早,周期短,高峰期集中,是比较适合威灵仙种子萌发的处理方法.     

七种中药材种子的对比研究

在我国,中草药种植研究远远晚于对农作物的研究,对于植物种子生物学特性方面的研究不多,药用植物种子贮藏特性方面的研究就更少了,空白品种的研究亟待发展。本论文中,通过对药用植物种子的多方位的研究,对植物种子生物特性有了进一步初步的了解。     

中药贮藏过程中的霉变问题

中药在贮藏保管中,因受外界许多因素的影响,如:空气、温度、湿度、日光、微生物以及害虫等,容易引起药材的物理、化学变化,可引起发酵、生霉、腐烂等。特别是种子类如枸杞子,因含菜碱、维生素、脂肪油等,贮藏保管中,最容易霉烂变质。     

朝鲜淫羊藿种子萌发的影响因子

目的探索影响朝鲜淫羊藿种子萌发影响因子。方法采用显微测量、TTC染色法和石蜡切片研究了朝鲜淫羊藿种子在贮藏过程中胚率、胚活力和结构的变化;通过生物鉴定法检测发芽抑制物;离体胚培养法诱导愈伤组织。结果朝鲜淫羊藿种子属于胚形态后熟,需经过一定时间的层积促使胚成熟;种子中含有一定活性的萌发抑制物质,但其对白菜幼根生长的抑制活性高于对白菜种子萌发的抑制活性;成熟离体胚在1/2 MS+NAA 0.4 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1培养基上诱导较好。结论朝鲜淫羊藿种子透水性良好,影响种子萌发的主要原因是胚形态后熟,变温层积处理可加速胚的发育,胚乳中存在萌发抑制物。     

介绍一种贮存细胞株的简易方法

细胞培养技术在生物学和医学领域中的应用日益广泛。细胞株的贮存是关键技术之一。目前应用液氮贮存细胞的方法研究较多,技术也较成熟,但需要定期补充液氮,维持费用较昂贵,有些地方液氮不易得到。我们在开展细胞遗传毒理学研究工作中,根     

液氮冷冻治疗多发性寻常疣98例疗效观察

液氮冷冻治疗多发性寻常疣９８例疗效观察青海省红十字医院（８１００００）杨桂秀寻常疣多见于儿童及青年人，好发于手背、手指、足缘、颜面等处。我们皮肤科门诊采用液氮冷冻法治疗寻常疣，这种外治法不受年龄及心、肾、肝脏等器官及器质性病变的限制，液氮无色无毒，性...     

液氮保存的同种主动脉瓣叶内皮细胞活性的变化

目的：研究液氮不同保存时间对人类同种主动脉瓣叶内皮细胞活性的影响，探讨同种瓣的有效使用期限。方法：取健康成年男性、脑死亡6h以内同种带瓣主动脉管道，灭菌、程控降温至-60℃后液氮保存。将主动脉瓣叶随机分为10组存储不同时间。应用流式细胞仪检测上述标本的内皮细胞活性，比较各组之间的差异。结果：新鲜冷冻组和液氮保存2年以内的瓣叶内皮细胞存活率与新鲜组无明显差异，而液氮保存3～8年的同种主动脉瓣叶内皮细胞死亡率明显增加，差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：液氮保存3年以上的同种带瓣主动脉内皮细胞能否应用于临床值得商榷。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.