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1.
《中南药学》2018,(3):382-388
人体肠道中的微生物组成复杂、种类繁多、功能强大。其与宿主共同组成的肠道微生态的平衡与否,与多种疾病密切相关。粪菌移植是当前临床上用于调节肠道微生态紊乱的新兴技术,因其治疗效果显著而受到广泛关注。中药在经过消化道时,不可避免地会与肠道微生物发生相互作用。本文从肠道微生态紊乱与相关疾病、粪菌移植对肠道微生态紊乱的调节、肠道微生物对中药活性的影响、中药对肠道微生态的调节这4个方面,对肠道微生态对疾病的影响及其与中药的相互作用的国内外最新研究状况作一综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
肠道微生态参与机体生理、代谢、营养、免疫等多种生理功能,影响多种疾病的发生及发展,其中消化系统受肠道微生态影响最大。肠道菌群失调(intestinal dysbacteriosis)是许多疾病发生的病因或疾病发生的相关因素,包括一些全身性疾病和消化系统疾病,其与消化系统疾病的关系是目前的研究热点。在其与炎症性肠病、结直肠肿瘤、一些肝胆疾病和功能性胃肠病关系的研究中已取得一些研究成果。本文重点阐述肠道菌群与消化系统疾病之间的关系,通过探讨肠道菌群与疾病发生发展之间的机制及影响,加强临床工作者对相关疾病的认知。  相似文献   

3.
汤韧  刘祖雄 《医药导报》2005,24(8):657-659
微生态制剂是指根据微生态学原理,将活的正常菌群或其促进物质制成生物制品,用以补充和充实人体微生物群落,纠正微生态失调,提高宿主健康水平的物质。在与肠道微生态失衡有关的各种儿童肠道疾病的治疗中,微生态制剂疗法以其高效、低毒、不会引起细菌耐药性等优点,为儿童的各种急、慢性腹泻,迁延性腹泻,便秘等肠道疾病提供了有效的治疗手段,显示出了良好的发展前景。  相似文献   

4.
微生态调节剂的合理应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
人体肠道内有大量的正常菌群 ,其中以双歧杆菌占绝对优势的菌群 ,能使糖类发酵 ,产生大量的乙酸和乳酸 ,从而抑制具有潜在致病性的肠杆菌等的生长与繁殖 ,逐渐达到肠道微生态的平衡。肠道正常菌群数量对人体的健康具有多方面的影响 ,当菌群失调时还可引起肠道甚至全身疾病。近年来对肠道菌群的研究不断深入 ,并相继开发出众多微生态调节剂 ,用于恢复和促进肠道正常菌群的平衡 ,以达到治病防病的目的。目前国内微生态制剂的药品、保健品繁多 ,与人们的日常生活关系日益密切 ,所以如何合理应用微生态调节剂具有重要的临床意义。1 常用的微生…  相似文献   

5.
赵以琳  于琴  周娟  严骅 《天津医药》2021,49(6):668-672
妊娠期肠道微生态的调节受多重因素的影响,与母体的营养、代谢及免疫密切相关,与多种妊娠代谢性并发症有关,对子代肠道菌群的建立及远期健康有着深远的影响。本文对妊娠期肠道微生态的变化、子代肠道菌群的建立以及妊娠常见代谢疾病中肠道菌群的变化对子代的影响等方面进行综述,以期通过改善妊娠期肠道微生态结构,达到防治妊娠期不良的代谢状态及预防子代健康风险的目的。  相似文献   

6.
1微生态制剂在药品领域的应用 微生态制剂在临床上应用广泛,效果较好,几乎无不良反应. 1.1微生态制剂与肠道疾病 大量的临床研究表明,对腹泻患者,单纯使用肠道抗生素常常无效,部分病例还会加重肠道菌群失调,微生态制剂对多种肠道疾病有良好的预防和治疗作用,包括病毒性腹泻、细菌性腹泻、抗生素相关腹泻、旅游性腹泻、过敏性肠道综合症等.采用微生态制剂防治肠道疾病,国内外已有很多具体报道,下面以国内的丽珠肠乐和培菲康为例加以说明.  相似文献   

7.
庞超  王玉珍 《河北医药》2015,(1):108-110
肠道菌群与人体有着非常密切的联系,越来越多的研究显示,正常菌群在消化、免疫和抗病方面有着不可替代的作用,而菌群失调更是与许多疾病的发生、发展及转归密切相关。本文就肠道菌群的组成、数量、与疾病的关系及微生态制剂的应用做一综述。1胃肠道菌群的概况肠道微生态系统是人体最复杂的微生态系统。成人胃肠道中定植着1 000~1 150种菌种,微生物数量多达1 013~1 014个,约为人体细胞总数的10倍以上[1],  相似文献   

8.
<正>近年来,肠道菌群移植(FMT)成为备受关注的前沿疗法,在各类肠道免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、功能性疾病及合并帕金森病、自闭症、老年痴呆、肿瘤和代谢综合征等肠道外疾病治疗上取得了突破性进展,为肠道内和肠道外疑难疾病带来了颠覆性的治疗策略。从肠道微生态研究到FMT临床应用探索,上海市第十人民医院结直肠病专科/肠道微生态诊疗中心团队在李宁教授、秦环龙教授的带领下,不仅围绕FMT治疗多种胃肠道疾病的长期安全性和有效性完成了迄今为止国际样本量最大、随访时间最长的研究,还牵头制定了中国FMT标准、指南和专家共识,  相似文献   

9.
徐前 《天津药学》2012,(4):65-69
在儿科住院患儿中,由于近年来采用大量广谱抗生素治疗感染性疾病,破坏了小儿正常肠道功能菌群的平衡,打破了各个菌群间的正常相互制约关系,从而产生了许多抗生素相关性腹泻等疾病。目前临床上常利用微生态制剂来重建人体肠道微生态系统平衡,促进内环境的稳定,同时调节肌体免疫功能,以纠正腹泻症状。本文从介绍小儿肠道微生态系统的建立过程出发,阐述抗生素相关性腹泻(antibiotic associated diarrhea,AAD)发生机制及病原学,以及微生态制剂在AAD的应用及作用机制等知识。  相似文献   

10.
抗菌药物致肠道菌群失调的机制及防治   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
抗菌药物对人体肠道微生态确有影响。本文综述了肠道菌群的生态学、抗菌药物对肠道菌群的影响、肠道菌群失调的机理与表现.以及微生态制剂在防治肠道菌群失调中的作用。合理应用微生态制剂可减少抗菌药物所致肠道菌群失调。  相似文献   

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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

14.
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
  相似文献   

17.
Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.  相似文献   

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This article assesses pain within the context of the dose response. A substantial number of studies indicate that the dose response for pain-related endpoints is commonly biphasic, being independent of the type of biological model employed, endpoint measured, or agent tested. The quantitative features of the dose response are also remarkably consistent regardless of the receptor pathway that mediates the nociceptive response, indicating a likely downstream message convergence. These findings have important implications for drug discovery, development, and clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

20.
The current USP National Formulary contains 65 Monographs for drug formulations containing neomycin. All 65 Monographs prescribe a bioassay for neomycin assay. This bioassay, based on cell culture, is labor intensive, has poor precision, and cannot be adapted for purity or identification. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-IPAD), a liquid chromatography technique, has been shown to be suitable for neomycin purity analysis and neomycin assay of an over-the-counter first aid cream (Hanko and Rohrer [17]). Here we propose that an HPAE-IPAD assay can replace the bioassay in the 65 neomycin-containing Monographs. We applied the HPAE-IPAD assay to four neomycin-containing drug products representing the four classes of formulations found in the 65 Monographs, liquid, solid, suspension, and cream. Each drug was analyzed with two chromatography systems, and on 3 separate days. For all products, HPAE-IPAD measurements were precise and accurate with respect to the label concentrations. There was also high accuracy for spike recovery of neomycin from the four drug products throughout 70–150% of the labeled concentration. These results suggest that an HPAE-IPAD assay would be an accurate assay for neomycin, and would be faster and more precise than the current bioassay.  相似文献   

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