光动力疗法治疗颜面部基底细胞癌的临床护理体会

目的探讨光动力疗法治疗颜面部基底细胞癌的临床护理方法。方法对13例颜面部基底细胞癌患者进行光动力疗法治疗,分析光动力疗法治疗前、中、后护理在临床疗效中的积极作用。结果正确的光动力疗法治疗前宣教、准备、心理护理及术中、术后护理可以提高光动力疗法的临床疗效。结论认真、细致、精心的临床护理对提高光动力疗法的临床疗效具有显著作用。     

纳米声敏剂在声动力疗法中的研究进展

声动力疗法是一种极具前景的治疗新方法。然而,由于传统声敏剂的缺陷,导致其在运用过程中受到许多限制。纳米技术是当前非常热门的研究领域,将其引入声动力疗法,有效地改善了当前声动力疗法的应用限制。因此,本文拟对纳米声敏剂在声动力疗法中的应用进行综述,以改善当前对声动力疗法的研究。     

光动力疗法在临床上的应用

目的：介绍光敏剂和光动力疗法的临床应用，方法：以国内外发表的文献为依据，对光动力疗法在肿瘤和非肿瘤疾病中的应用进行介绍，结果：光动力疗法的基础是靶组织对光敏剂的特异性吸收和潴留作用，对体积较小，表浅的癌瘤，是一种行之有效的治疗方法，对其它恶性肿瘤的治疗前很好的辅助作用，还可治疗动脉粥样硬化，内膜增生，银屑病等一些非肿瘤性疾病，结论：光动力疗法具有广泛的应用前景。     

光动力疗法治疗皮肤癌

光动力疗法治疗皮肤癌刘法文崔树德（河南省肿瘤医院郑州市４５０００３）光动力疗法（ＰｈｏｔｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃＴｈｅｒａｐｙ（ＰＤＴ））是近年来发展较快的一种诊治恶性肿瘤及癌前病变的新疗法。其基本原理是利用血卟啉衍生物ＨｅｍａｔｏｐｏｒｐｈｇｙｉｎＤｅｒｖ...     

光动力药物的研究与开发

通过介绍目前已获准上市和进入临床研究的各种光动力药物，综述国内外对光动力药物的研究与开发。光动力疗法是一种用于肿瘤、视网膜黄斑变性、光化性角化病、类风湿性关节炎等多种疾病的新兴疗法。     

光动力疗法联合冷冻治疗尖锐湿疣疗效观察

目的观察光动力疗法联合冷冻治疗尖锐湿疣的临床疗效。方法将126例尖锐湿疣患者随机分为观察组和对照组各63例。观察组给予光动力疗法联合冷冻治疗尖锐湿疣,对照组给予冷冻治疗后局部外用鬼臼毒素酊。比较2组临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为88.9%高于对照组的77.8%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论光动力疗法联合冷冻治疗尖锐湿疣效果显著,不良反应轻,值得临床推广应用。     

声敏剂的声动力活性对比研究进展

声动力疗法是一种非常有前景的肿瘤治疗方法,声敏剂的研发是声动力疗法(SDT)研究的核心问题。通过对比研究声敏剂的声动力活性,筛选出具有良好声动力活性的声敏剂是设计与开发声敏剂的一条重要途径。本文通过总结各类声敏剂对比研究进展,期望为设计和开发具有良好声动力活性并适用于临床应用的新型声敏剂提供研究思路。     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法联合重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶预防尖锐湿疣复发疗效观察

目的：观察5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法联合重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗尖锐湿疣的临床疗效。方法40例尖锐湿疣患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组20例行5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法联合重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶,对照组20例行5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法。治疗后每2周复查1次,随访6个月,观察两组的疗效和复发情况。结果治疗组治愈率90%,对照组治愈率50%。两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组随访复发率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法联合重组人干扰素α-2b凝胶治疗尖锐湿疣是一种安全有效、预防复发的新疗法。     

光动力疗法治疗老年黄斑变性的应用价值评析

目的探讨老年黄斑变性采取光动力疗法治疗的应用价值。方法 45例老年黄斑变性患者均采用光动力疗法治疗,比较患者治疗前后的视功能生存质量量表(VRQOL)评分,并观察副作用发生情况。结果治疗后,45例患者VRQOL评分总分以及各维度评分显著优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且在治疗期间无明显副作用发生。结论光动力疗法治疗老年黄斑变性疗效确切,可明显提高患者生存治疗,且无明显副作用。     

不开刀也能治前列腺癌

正日前,国外研究发现,一项新的非手术治疗低风险前列腺癌方法——光动力疗法,可以有效杀伤癌细胞,同时保留健康组织,改善患者的生存质量,这引起了业界的热议。什么是光动力疗法?新技术应用安全吗?生活饮食上须注意哪些细节?     

基于HMGR、SQS1、β-AS基因CNVs的甘草道地性机制研究

本文利用real-time PCR方法对不同产地甘草的3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰CoA还原酶 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGR)、鲨稀合成酶1 (squalene synthetase 1, SQS1)、β-香树脂醇合成酶 (β-amyrin synthase, β-AS) 基因的拷贝数进行了研究, 发现不同产地的HMGR基因存在1～3个拷贝数变异, SQS1基因存在1～2个拷贝数变异, 未发现β-AS基因拷贝数变异。甘草HMGR、SQS1、β-AS基因拷贝数存在5种自然组合类型: A型 (2+1+1)、B型 (1+1+1)、C型 (3+2+1)、D型 (2+2+1) 和E型 (3+1+1), 其中内蒙古杭锦旗甘草存在A、B两种类型, A与B的比例为1∶1.3; 内蒙古赤峰甘草也存在A、B两种类型, 但A与B比例为3∶1; 宁夏盐池甘草存在A、B、C、D 4种类型, A/B/C/D比例为1∶5.1∶1∶2, A/B比例为1∶5.1; 甘肃民勤甘草存在A、B、E 3种类型, A/B/E比例为4.1∶2.1∶1, A/B比例为2∶1。本研究证明中药功能基因基因组拷贝数变异 (copy number variations, CNVs) 与产地具有相关性, 可能是道地药材形成的机制之一。     

无痛可视人工流产术有效性安全性相关因素研究

目的：研究探索无痛可视人工流产术有效性与安全性之间的相关因素。方法：比较五组麻醉药（瑞芬太尼、瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼＋咪唑安定、丙泊酚、丙泊酚＋芬太尼）作用时间、止痛效果、副反应及对体温、呼吸、脉搏、血压及血氧饱和度的影响等,严格操作规范,完善各环节工作,总结有效性与安全性之间的相关因素。结果：五组麻醉药中对诱导、手术、苏醒时间和定向力恢复时间以瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚组最佳,镇痛效果显著,差异具有统计学意义,P〈0．05：对生命指征的影响以瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚组最小,安全系数最高,经统计学处理．P〈0．05。瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚最佳用药量分别为0．9-1．4ug／kg、1．9—2．2mg／kg。无痛可视人工流产术有效性与安全性之间的相关因素有：手术适应证、全麻药组合及剂量的选择、施术环境及设备的配置、受术者知情同意、手术医生、护士和麻醉医师的责任心及技术水平、术后指导及随访等。结论：无痛可视人工流产术有效性安全性与手术适应证、全麻药组合及剂量的选择、施术环境及设备的配置、受术者知情同意、手术医生、护士和麻醉医师的责任心及技术水平、术后指导及随访等因素有关。     

不同浓度呋喃酮C-30对鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606菌毛及生物被膜作用的研究#br#

目的 通过分析鲍曼不动杆菌菌毛编码及调节基因的表达情况,探究不同浓度呋喃酮C-30对鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606菌毛及生物被膜形成的作用。方法 聚合酶链反应II检测菌株菌毛编码及调节基因的表达情况。不同浓度呋喃酮C-30下Real-time法检测鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606菌毛编码和调节基因表达水平、透射电镜下菌毛结构以及结晶紫染色法检测生物被膜的量。结果 csuA/B、csuA、csuB、csuC、csuD、csuE、bfmS和bfmR基因扩增阳性率分别为100%、7.14%、78.57%、89.29%、39.29%、82.14%、85.71%和85.71%。1/4MIC和1/2MIC浓度的呋喃酮C-30能够显著抑制鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606菌毛编码及调节基因的表达和菌毛、生物被膜的形成,浓度越大、抑制作用越明显。 结论 呋喃酮C-30能够抑制鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC19606菌毛编码及调节基因的表达和菌毛、生物被膜的形成,且存在一定的浓度依赖效应,此作用为新型抗菌药物的研究提供了方向。     

Toxic response of HIPCO single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice and RAW264.7 macrophage cells

In this study, we identified the toxic response of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (P-SWCNTs) synthesized by HIPCO method in mice and RAW264.7 cells, a murine peritoneal macrophage cell line. P-SWCNT contained a large amount of Fe ion (36 wt%). In the lungs of mice 24 h after intratracheal administration, P-SWCNTs increased the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1, and the number of total cells, the portion of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, also significantly increased at a 100 μg/mL of concentration. In RAW264.7 cells, cell viability and ATP production decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h after exposure, whereas the generations of ROS and NO were enhanced at all concentrations together with the activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the levels of both apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and ER stress-related proteins clearly increased, and the concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn ions, but not of Mn ions, increased in a dose-dependent manner. TEM images also revealed that P-SWCNTs induced the formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles, the dilatation of the ER, the generation of mitochondrial flocculent densities, and the separation of organelle by disappearance of the cell membrane. Taken together, we suggest that P-SWCNTs cause acute inflammatory response in the lungs of mice, and induce autophagy accompanied with apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, further study is required to elucidate how the physicochemical properties of SWCNTs determine the cell death pathway and an immune response.     

FOREBRAIN PATHWAYS AND THEIR BEHAVIOURAL INTERACTIONS WITH NEUROENDOCRINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1. The forebrain is a major organizer of the complex behavioural, physiological and neuroendocrine responses to environmental challenges of a stressful nature. 2. Combined physiological and neuroanatomical studies suggest that a specific forebrain-brain stem network, composed of connections between the central nucleus of the amygdala, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the mesencephalic cuneiform nucleus, the parabrachial nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, may be important for integrating behavioural and physiological responses. 3. Based on studies using bilateral electrolytic lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala, it has become clear that the central nucleus of the amygdala is one of the key structures involved in unconditioned responses to inescapable footshock. These responses include freezing behaviour, tachycardia and the release of adrenaline, noradrenaline, prolactin and corticosterone. However, this nucleus is involved only in the freezing behaviour and bradycardiac responses to conditioned emotional stress or to social defeat. 4. Both peptidergic (corticotropin releasing hormone and vasopressin/oxytocin) and aminergic (noradrenaline and dopamine) mechanisms in the central amygdala are involved in the regulation of integrated behavioural, physiological and neuroendocrine stress responses. This is indicated by studies with an infusion of an agonist and/or antagonist of the peptides or neurotransmitters into the central amygdala of freely moving rats. Sympathetic cardiac control is intensified by corticotropin releasing hormone and oxytocin, probably by inhibiting vagal output. In contrast, vagal activity is facilitated by vasopressin, noradrenaline and dopamine.     

miR-15b基因干扰在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及机制研究

目的 探讨微小核糖核酸-15b(miR-15b)基因干扰对脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法 取新生24 h内Wistar乳鼠的大脑皮层星形胶质细胞传代培养并鉴定,氧糖剥夺/再恢复法处理模拟体内脑缺血再灌注损伤（模型组）;无特殊处理的大脑皮层星形胶质细胞为对照组。构建miR-15b干扰腺病毒载体及阴性对照载体,分别转染上述模型组细胞,记为过表达组、沉默组、过表达对照组、沉默对照组,另设置空白组。24 h后,倒置相差显微镜观察各组细胞形态学改变;氮兰四唑盐（MTS）法检测细胞存活率,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率实验检测细胞活力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测各组细胞miR-15b以及B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、Caspase-9 mRNA表达;Western blot检测各组细胞Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Caspase-9蛋白表达;荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-15b是否靶向调控Bcl-2。结果 与对照组比,空白组、过表达对照组和沉默对照组贴壁细胞减少,细胞缩小变圆,分布松散,细胞存活率和Bcl-2 mRNA及...     

The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review

Rationale Cannabis is one of the most frequently used substances. Cannabis and its constituent cannabinoids are known to impair several aspects of cognitive function, with the most robust effects on short-term episodic and working memory in humans. A large body of the work in this area occurred in the 1970s before the discovery of cannabinoid receptors. Recent advances in the knowledge of cannabinoid receptors’ function have rekindled interest in examining effects of exogenous cannabinoids on memory and in understanding the mechanism of these effects.Objective The literature about the acute effects of cannabinoids on memory tasks in humans is reviewed. The limitations of the human literature including issues of dose, route of administration, small sample sizes, sample selection, effects of other drug use, tolerance and dependence to cannabinoids, and the timing and sensitivity of psychological tests are discussed. Finally, the human literature is discussed against the backdrop of preclinical findings.Results Acute administration of Δ-9-THC transiently impairs immediate and delayed free recall of information presented after, but not before, drug administration in a dose- and delay-dependent manner. In particular, cannabinoids increase intrusion errors. These effects are more robust with the inhaled and intravenous route and correspond to peak drug levels.Conclusions This profile of effects suggests that cannabinoids impair all stages of memory including encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Several mechanisms, including effects on long-term potentiation and long-term depression and the inhibition of neurotransmitter (GABA, glutamate, acetyl choline, dopamine) release, have been implicated in the amnestic effects of cannabinoids. Future research in humans is necessary to characterize the neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of the memory impairing effects of cannabinoids, to dissect out their effects on the various stages of memory and to bridge the expanding gap between the humans and preclinical literature.     

Confronting Inadvertent Stigma and Pejorative Language in Addiction Scholarship: A Recognition and Response

ABSTRACT. Appropriate use of language in the field of addiction is important. Inappropriate use of language can negatively impact the way society perceives substance use and the people who are affected by it. Language frames what the public thinks about substance use and recovery, and it can also affect how individuals think about themselves and their own ability to change. But most importantly, language intentionally and unintentionally propagates stigma: the mark of dishonor, disgrace, and difference that depersonalizes people, depriving them of individual or personal qualities and personal identity. Stigma is harmful, distressing, and marginalizing to the individuals, groups, and populations who bear it. For these reasons, the Editorial Team of Substance Abuse seeks to formally operationalize respect for personhood in our mission, our public relations, and our instructions to authors. We ask authors, reviewers, and readers to carefully and intentionally consider the language used to describe alcohol and other drug use and disorders, the individuals affected by these conditions, and their related behaviors, comorbidities, treatment, and recovery in our publication. Specifically, we make an appeal for the use of language that (1) respects the worth and dignity of all persons (“people-first language”); (2) focuses on the medical nature of substance use disorders and treatment; (3) promotes the recovery process; and (4) avoids perpetuating negative stereotypes and biases through the use of slang and idioms. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of each of the above principles, along with examples, as well as some of the nuances and tensions that inherently arise as we give greater attention to the issue of how we talk and write about substance use and addiction.     

Intraneuronal dopaminergic action of cocaine and some of its metabolites and analogs

The present study investigated the actions of cocaine and some of its metabolites and analogs upon the synaptosomal (P2) synthesis and release of dopamine appearing from [14C]phenylalanine. Also examined was the influence of reserpine upon these actions of cocaine. The P2 preparations from the rat caudate nucleus were incubated with the drugs for [14C]phenylalanine and, after filtration, the particulates and medium fractions were analyzed for [14C]dopamine and [14C]phenylalanine. Labelled dopamine in the medium was taken as a measure of its release by any addition of drug. Cocaine, norcocaine and the synthetic cocaine analogs WIN 35428 and WIN 35-065(2) each stimulated both the total (medium plus particulates) formation and the release of dopamine, while benzoylecgonine and ecgonine were without effect. Reserpine inhibited the synthesis and enhanced the release of dopamine. An addition of reserpine blocked the stimulating effect of cocaine, norcocaine, WIN 35428 and WIN 35-065(2) on synthesis and furthermore, these drugs had, in the same experiments, inhibitory effects on the synthesis, additive to the reserpine-induced inhibition. Benzoylecgonine and ecgonine were only weakly inhibitory in the presence of reserpine. Stimulation, rather than additive inhibition, by cocaine was observed in the presence of exogenous dopamine, and amphetamine increased the synthesis in the presence of either reserpine or added dopamine. Pretreatment of rats with reserpine also blocked the stimulation of synthesis by cocaine and WIN 35428. The uptake of labelled substrate was not affected by addition of drug, or by the pretreatment.     

抗心律失常药物对蟾酥致小鼠心律失常的影响

比较苯妥英钠、利多卡因(钠通道阻滞药)、普萘洛尔(β肾上腺素受体拮抗药)、胺碘酮(延长动作电位时程药)和维拉帕米(钙通道阻滞药)对蟾酥诱导小鼠心律失常的抑制作用及对离体小鼠心脏的蟾酥致死量的影响。采用动态心电图记录蟾酥诱导小鼠心律失常。观察模型组和各给药组心电图的P-R间期、QRS时程、Q-T间期、T波幅度和HR的变化,统计各心律失常发生率、存活率及心律失常评分。采用离体小鼠心脏灌流,记录心脏的蟾酥致死量。与模型组相比,苯妥英钠组的QRS时程缩短且心率减慢;室性心律失常的发生率降低,存活率增高;显著增加离体小鼠心脏的蟾酥累积致死量。利多卡因组与模型组相比,P-R间期和QRS时程缩短;室性心律失常发生率降低;显著增加离体小鼠心脏的蟾酥累积致死量。普萘洛尔组与模型组相比,P-R间期、QRS时程和Q-T间期缩短;室上性及室性心律失常的发生率降低。胺碘酮显著减慢模型小鼠的心率并且降低模型小鼠室性心律失常的发生率。维拉帕米显著延长模型小鼠P-R间期,抑制Q-T间期延长;减少室上性及室性心律失常的发生;显著减少离体小鼠心脏的蟾酥累积致死量。整体动物实验中,苯妥英钠对蟾酥诱导小鼠的心律失常最有效,其次是利多卡因和普萘洛尔,...